Scientia Agrícola
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12094
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Bayesian sequential procedure to estimate the viability of seeds Coffea arabica L. in tetrazolium test(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2019-05) Brighenti, Carla Regina Guimarães; Cirillo, Marcelo Ângelo; Costa, André Luís Alves; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da; Guimarães, Renato MendesTetrazolium tests use conventional sampling techniques in which a sample has a o Zootecnia, Av. Visconde do Rio Preto, s/n — 36301-360 — fixed size. These tests may be improved by sequential sampling, which does not work with fixed- s São João Del-Rei, MG — Brasil. size samples. When data obtained from an experiment are analyzed sequentially the analysis can OM 2Universidade Federal de Lavras -— Depto. de Estatística, C.P. be terminated when a particular decision has been made, and thus, there is no need to pre-es- "O 3037 - 37200-000 - Lavras, MG - Brasil. tablish the number of seeds to assess. Bayesian statistics can also help, if we have sufficient = Embrapa Café, PqEB, s/n - 70770-901 - Brasília, DF — knowledge about coffee production in the area to construct a prior distribution. Therefore, we Brasil. used the Bayesian sequential approach to estimate the percentage of viable coffee seeds sub- os “Universidade Federal de Lavras — Depto. de Agricultura. mitted to tetrazolium testing, and we incorporated priors with information from other analyses — *Corresponding author of crops from previous years. We used the Beta prior distribution and, using data obtained from Ss sample lots of Coffea arabica, determined its hyperparameters with a histogram and O'Hagan's O Edited by: Marcin Kozak methods. To estimate the lowest risk, we computed the Bayes risks, which provided us with a = basis for deciding whether or not we should continue the sampling process. The results confirm e Received April 13, 2017 that the Bayesian sequential estimation can indeed be used for the tetrazolium test: the average Fi; Accepted January 06, 2018 percentage of viability obtained with the conventional frequentist method was 88 %, whereas that v obtained with the Bayesian method with both priors was 89 %. However, the Bayesian method E required, on average, only 89 samples to reach this value while the traditional estimation method O needed as many as 200 samples.Item Spatial variability of coffee plant water consumption based on the SEBAL algorithm(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2019-03) Costa, Jéfferson de Oliveira; Coelho, Rubens Duarte; Wolff, Wagner; José, Jefferson Vieira; Folegatti, Marcos Vinicius; Ferraz, Silvio Frosini de BarrosAwareness of evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (Kc) is necessary for irrigation management in coffee crops. ET and Kc spatial variabilities are disregarded in traditional methods. Methods based on radiometric measurements have potential to obtain these spatialized variables. The Kc curve and spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were determined using images from Landsat 8 satellite. We used images of young and adult coffee plantations from OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensors over a two-year period. Evapotranspiration was estimated using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). Moreover, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated through the Penman-Monteith method. We obtained the values for the evapotranspiration fraction (ETf), analogous to Kc , according to ET and ETo values. The study was conducted in Buritis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in areas cropped with Coffea arabica irrigated by central pivots. A comparative analysis was made using different statistical indices. Average ETa was 2.17 mm d–1 for young coffee plantations, , and the Kc mean value was 0.6. For adult coffee plantations, average ETa was 3.95 mm d-1, , and the Kc mean value was 0.85. The ETc and Kc data obtained based on the SEBAL algorithm displayed similar values to studies that used traditional methods. This model has huge potential to estimate ET of different stages of coffee plantation for the region studiedItem Humic substances and its distribution in coffee crop under cover crops and weed control methods(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2016-07) Martins, Bruno Henrique; Araujo-Junior, Cezar Francisco; Miyazawa, Mario; Vieira, Karen MayaraHumic substances (HS) comprise the passive element in soil organic matter (SOM), and represent one of the soil carbon pools which may be altered by different cover crops and weed control methods. This study aimed to assess HS distribution and characteristics in an experimental coffee crop area subjected to cover crops and cultural, mechanical, and chemical weed control. The study was carried out at Londrina, in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil (23°21’30” S; 51°10’17” W). In 2008, seven weed control/cover crops were established in a randomized block design between two coffee rows as the main-plot factor per plot and soil sam- pling depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm) as a split-plot. HS were extracted through alkaline and acid solutions and analyzed by chromic acid wet oxidation and UV-Vis spec- troscopy. Chemical attributes presented variations in the topsoil between the field conditions analyzed. Cover crop cutting and coffee tree pruning residues left on the soil surface may have interfered in nutrient cycling and the humification process. Data showed that humic substances comprised about 50 % of SOM. Although different cover crops and weed control methods did not alter humic and fulvic acid carbon content, a possible incidence of condensed aromatic structures at depth increments in fulvic acids was observed, leading to an average decrease of 53 % in the E4 /E6 ratio. Humin carbon content increased 25 % in the topsoil, particularly under crop weed-control methods, probably due to high incorporation of recalcitrant structures from coffee tree pruning residues and cover crops.Item Agroforestry systems, nutrients in litter and microbial activity in soils cultivated with coffee at high altitude(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2014-03) Notaro, Krystal de Alcantara; Medeiros, Erika Valente de; Duda, Gustavo Pereira; Silva, Aline Oliveira; Moura, Patrícia Maia deAgroforestry systems are an alternative option for sustainable production manage- ment. These systems contain trees that absorb nutrients from deeper layers of the soil and leaf litter that help improve the soil quality of the rough terrain in high altitude areas, which are areas extremely susceptible to environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to characterize the stock and nutrients in litter, soil activity and the population of microorganisms in coffee (Cof- fea arabica L.) plantations under high altitude agroforestry systems in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Samples were collected from the surface litter together with soil samples taken at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) from areas each subject to one of the follow- ing four treatments: agroforestry system (AS), native forest (NF), biodynamic system (BS) and coffee control (CT).The coffee plantation had been abandoned for nearly 15 years and, although there had been no management or harvesting, still contained productive coffee plants. The ac- cumulation of litter and mean nutrient content of the litter, the soil nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, basal respiration, microbial quotient, metabolic quotient and microbial populations (total bacteria, fluorescent bacteria group, total fungi and Trichoderma spp.) were all analyzed. The systems that were exposed to human inter- vention (AS and BS) differed in their chemical attributes and contained higher levels of nutrients when compared to NF and CT. BS for coffee production at high altitude can be used as a sustain- able alternative in the high altitude zones of the semi-arid region in Brazil, which is an area that is highly susceptible to environmental degradation.Item Yield performance and leaf nutrient levels of coffee cultivars under different plant densities(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2010-11) Paulo, Edison Martins; Furlani Jr, EnesCoffee (Coffea Arabica L.) plantations using adapted cultivars to regional environmental conditions with optimal plant population density and adequate nutrition are expected to show high yield responses. The triennial production and leaf macronutrient concentrations of four coffee cultivars were studied under different plant population densities. Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47), Obatã (IAC 1669-20), Acaiá (IAC 474-19) and Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944) were planted in densities of 2,500; 5,000; 7,519; and 10,000 plants ha –1 with one plant per hole and two plants per hole in the 2,500 plant ha –1 . Plants were homogeneously fertilized without liming. As the population density increased the triennial coffee productivity increased, the yield per plant decreased, and leaf concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) increased. Coffee plants under dense systems presented equal or higher leaf macronutrient concentrations compared to the plants under conventional population. Taller cultivars presented the highest nutrient concentration values, and Obatã, a dwarf cultivar, the lowest values. Higher coffee yields and lower leaf P, Ca and S concentrations were observed in plots with one plant compared to the plots with two plants. In general, the coffee cultivars had leaf N and S concentrations above the reference limits reported in the literature, but leaf concentrations of other macronutrients were within adequate ranges.Item Simple procedure for nutrient analysis of coffee plant with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF)(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2013-07) Tezotto, Tiago; Favarin, José Laércio; Paula Neto, Ana; Gratão, Priscila Lupino; Azevedo, Ricardo Antunes; Mazzafera, PauloNutrient analysis is used to estimate nutrient content of crop plants to manage fertilizer application for sustained crop production. Direct solid analysis of agricultural and envi- ronmental samples by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) was chosen as alternative technique to evaluate the simultaneous multielemental quantification of the most important essential elements in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and certified reference materials made from leaves were used to calibrate and check the trueness of EDXRF method for the determination of the concentration of several nutrients in coffee leaves and branches. Fluorescence spectrometry proved to be ad- vantageous and presented low cost as loose powder samples could be used. Samples collected from a field experiment where coffee plants were treated with excess of Ni and Zn were used to verify the practical application of the method. Good relationships were achieved between certi- fied values and data obtained by EDXRF, with recoveries ranging from 82 to 117 %.Item Clonal Arabica coffee resistant to Meloidogyne paranaensis and damage threshold on plants development(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2019-05) Fatobene, Bárbhara Joana dos Reis; Gonçalves, Wallace; Oliveira, Claudio Marcelo Gonçalves; Guerreiro Filho, OliveiroPlants of Coffea arabica Icatu IAC 925 germplasm show resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis under field conditions, but with variable rates of segregation. One mother plant, IAC 3, of Icatu IAC 925 was evaluated under controlled conditions through the reaction of its clones, obtained by somatic embryogenesis. Reproduction of nematodes in clones were compared with an open-pollinated progeny from the same mother plant, C. arabica cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 515-20, susceptible to nematodes, and Clone IAC 1, also susceptible and obtained by somatic embryogenesis. Open-pollinated progeny showed segregation to resistance and was classified as susceptible according to the reproduction factor. The average number of nematodes (eggs and J2) per gram of roots in clones was eight fold lower than that of open-pollinated progeny, and 51 fold lower than Mundo Novo IAC 515-20. Based on Seinhorst model, IAC 3 clone showed a tolerance limit of 7.7 nematodes per cm3 of soil, while in Mundo Novo the tolerance limit was 3.9 nematodes per cm3 of soil. These results revealed that clonal Arabica coffee nematode- resistant trees represent an alternative to the time consuming and expensive process inherent to conventional breeding strategies.Item Dispersal capacity of fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in irrigated coffee plantations(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2016-05) Camargos, Maria Gisely; Alvarenga, Clarice Diniz; Giustolin, Teresinha Augusta; Paranhos, Beatriz Aguiar Jordão; Oliveira, Patrícia Cristina do Carmo; Rabelo, Marcelo MendesDiachasmimorpha longicaudata is an Old World parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies that was widely introduced in the Americas to control pest species such as the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Augmentative releases in irrigated coffee plantations in semiarid regions of Brazil are under consideration and dispersal capacity of D. longicaudata in this habitat are important to develop release strategies. Approximately 2,000 individuals of D. longicaudata (5 to 7 days old) were released in the center of a fruiting coffee plantation every two weeks from Dec. 2009 to Apr. 2010. Dispersal from the central release point was monitored to the north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest at 11 distances, beginning at 4.6 m and ending at 90 m from the release point. At each point, a parasitism unit (approximately 120 larvae of C. capitata in the 3rd instar wrapped in voile fabric) and 10 coffee beans were collected. The average dispersion distance and dispersion area were estimated by the model proposed by Dobzhansky and Wright (1943). The average dispersion distances were 27.06 m (as estimated by fruit collection) and 33.11 m (as estimated by oviposition traps). The average dispersion areas were 1,315.25 m2 and 1,752.45 m2 originating from the collection of beans and parasit- ism units, respectively. Cohorts of 2,000 adult D. longicaudata released at six points ha−1 are estimated to result in sufficient colonization to exert significant control of Ceratitis capitata.Item Definition of management zones in coffee production fields based on apparent soil electrical conductivity(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2012-05) Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Santos, Nerilson Terra; Santos, Fábio LúcioFertilizer application at variable rates requires dense sampling to determine the resulting field spatial variability. Defining management zones is a technique that facilitates the variable-rate application of agricultural inputs. The apparent electrical conductivity of the soil is an important factor in explaining the variability of soil physical-chemical properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to define management zones for coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) production fields based on spatial variability of the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil. The resistiv- ity method was used to measure the apparent soil electrical conductivity. Soil samples were collected to measure the chemical and physical soil properties. The maps of spatial variability were generated using ordinary kriging method. The fuzzy k-means algorithm was used to delimit the management zones. To analyze the agreement between the management zones and the soil properties, the kappa coefficients were calculated. The best results were obtained for the management zones defined using the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil and the digital elevation model. In this case, the kappa coefficient was 0.45 for potassium, which is an element that is associated with quality coffee. The other variable that had a high kappa coefficient was remaining phosphorous; the coefficient obtained was 0.49. The remaining phosphorus is an important parameter for determining which fertilizers and soil types to study.Item Histopathological characterization of Coffea arabica cultivar IPR 106 resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2019-09) Shigueoka, Luciana Harumi; Dorigo, Orazília França; Arita, Lucas Yuuki; Fonseca, Inês Cristina de Batista; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; Sera, Gustavo Hiroshi; Machado, Andressa Cristina ZamboniMeloidogyne species are widely distributed in coffee growing areas in Brazil, where M. paranaensis is responsible to significant losses to the crop. One of the main management strategies is the use of resistant cultivars, such as Apoatã rootstock and cultivars IPR 100 and IPR 106. However, the parasitic relationship between coffee and M. paranaensis in culti- vars carrying resistance genes has been poorly understood. The objective of this paper was to characterize the resistance response of Coffea arabica cv. IPR 106 to M. paranaensis. For this, penetration and histopathological studies were carried out using root tissues parasitized by the nematode. ‘IPR 106’ and ‘Mundo Novo’ (susceptible cultivar) seedlings were inoculated with 4,000 eggs of M. paranaensis and, 15 days after inoculation (DAI), roots were stained with fuch- sine to verify the penetration rates of the nematode. Histopathological studies were conducted at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAI and nematode reproduction was calculated at 120 DAI. ‘IPR 106’ did not avoid completely nematode penetration at 15 DAI, although the number of nematodes was 50 % lower than in Mundo Novo, disregarding the hypothesis of a pre-infectional mechanism of resistance that could prevent nematode penetration completely. However, giant cells and col- lapsed nematodes were observed in ‘IPR 106’ at 30 DAI, suggesting that the resistance mecha- nism to M. paranaensis in ‘IPR 106’ involves a post-infectional response and could be mediated by a hypersensitive reaction.