Scientia Agrícola
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12094
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Item Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2008-05) Prado, Simone de Souza; Lopes, João Roberto Spotti; Demétrio, Clarice Garcia Borges; Borgatto, Adriano Ferreti; Almeida, Rodrigo Piacentini Paes deCitrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee stem atrophy (CSA) are important diseases in Brazil associated with closely-related strains of Xylella fastidiosa, but little is know about host overlapping and importance of citrus and coffee as inoculum sources of these strains. In this study, reciprocal-inoculation experiments were performed to determine if CVC and CSA isolates are biologically similar within citrus and coffee plants. These two hosts were mechanically inoculated with a CVC and a CSA isolate of X. fastidiosa at four concentrations ranging between10 3 and 10 9 colony forming units CFU mL -1 . At two, four and eight months after inoculation, the infection efficiency and bacterial populations of the isolates in each host were determined by culturing. The CVC isolate infected both citrus and coffee plants, but developed lower populations in coffee. The CSA isolate did not colonize citrus. Inoculation of coffee plants with the CVC isolate resulted in low rates of infection and required an inoculum concentration ten-fold higher than that necessary to obtain a similar (25%) rate of infection in citrus. The relatively low infection rates and bacterial numbers of the CVC isolate in coffee plants compared with those observed in citrus suggest that coffee is not a suitable host to serve as a source of inoculum of the CVC strain for primary spread to citrus or within coffee plantations. Key words: citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, inoculum concentration, bacterial population, epidemiologyItem Growth, development, and fertilizer-15N recovery by the coffee plant(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2007-09) Fenilli, Tatiele Anete Bergamo; Dourado-Neto, Durval; Trivelin, Paulo César Ocheuze; Favarin, José Laercio; Costa, Flávio Murilo Pereira da; Bacchi, Osny Oliveira SantosThe relationship between growth and fertilizer nitrogen recovery by perenial crops such as coffee is poorly understood and improved understanding of such relations is important for the establishment of rational crop management practices. In order to characterize the growth of a typical coffee crop in Brazil and quantify the recovery of 15 N labeled ammonium sulfate, and improve information for fertilizer management practices this study presents results for two consecutive cropping years, fertilized with 280 and 350 kg ha -1 of N, respectively, applied in four splittings, using five replicates. Shoot dry matter accumulation was evaluated every 60 days, separating plants into branches, leaves and fruits. Labeled sub-plots were used to evaluate N-total and 15 N abundance by mass spectrometry. During the first year the aerial part reached a recovery of 71% of the fertilizer N applied up to February, but this value was reduced to 34% at harvest and 19% at the beginning of the next flowering period due to leaf fall and fruit export. For the second year the aerial part absorbed 36% of the fertilizer N up to March, 47% up to harvest and 19% up to the beginning of the next flowering period. The splitting into four applications of the used fertilizer rates was adequate for the requirements of the crop at these growth stages of the coffee crop.Item Interações entre auxinas e ácido bórico, no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 1992-01) Ono, E.O.; Rodrigues, J.D.; Pinho, S.Z. doO presente trabalho teve como finalidade, estudar o efeito de auxinas e do boro no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de Coffea arabica L. cv. "Mundo Novo". As estacas foram retiradas de ramos ortotrópicos semi-lenhosos de cafeeiro, as quais foram tratadas durante 24 horas com soluções de IBA ou NAA e boro, e a mistura das três substâncias, resultando um total de 14 tratamentos. Para a avaliação do objetivo em questão, foram realizadas as seguintes observações, mediante coleta após 90 dias de plantio: número de estacas enraizadas e número de estacas com calos. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que, para obter um maior número de estacas enraizadas, é conveniente o tratamento com NAA à 100 ou 200 ppm mais boro. Descritores: cafeeiro, estacas, enraizamento, boro, IBA e NAA.Item Spatio-temporal modelling of coffee berry borer infestation patterns accounting for inflation of zeroes and missing values(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2009-01) Cárdenas, Ramiro Ruiz; Assunçã, Renato Martins; Demétrio, Clarice Garcia BorgesThe study of pest distributions in space and time in agricultural systems provides important information for the optimization of integrated pest management programs and for the planning of experiments. Two statistical problems commonly associated to the space-time modelling of data that hinder its implementation are the excess of zero counts and the presence of missing values due to the adopted sampling scheme. These problems are considered in the present article. Data of coffee berry borer infestation collected under Colombian field conditions are used to study the spatio-temporal evolution of the pest infestation. The dispersion of the pest starting from initial focuses of infestation was modelled considering linear and quadratic infestation growth trends as well as different combinations of random effects representing both spatially and not spatially structured variability. The analysis was accomplished under a hierarchical Bayesian approach. The missing values were dealt with by means of multiple imputation. Additionally, a mixture model was proposed to take into account the excess of zeroes in the beginning of the infestation. In general, quadratic models had a better fit than linear models. The use of spatially structured parameters also allowed a clearer identification of the temporal increase or decrease of infestation patterns. However, neither of the space-time models based on standard distributions was able to properly describe the excess of zero counts in the beginning of the infestation. This overdispersed pattern was correctly modelled by the mixture space-time models, which had a better performance than their counterpart without a mixture component.Item Comparison between climatological and field water balances for a coffee crop(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2007-05) Bruno, Isabeli Pereira; Silva, Adriana Lúcia da; Reichardt, Klaus; Dourado-Neto, Durval; Bacchi, Osny Oliveira Santos; Volpe, Clóvis AlbertoThe use of climatological water balances in substitution to complete water balances directly measured in the field allows a more practical crop management, since the climatological water balances are based on data monitored as a routine. This study makes a comparison between these methods in terms of estimatives of evapotranspiration, soil water storage, soil available water, runoff losses, and drainage below root zone, during a two year period, taking as an example a coffee crop of the variety Catuaí, three to five years old. Climatological water balances based on the estimation of the evapotranspiration through the methods of Thornthwaite and Penman-Monteith, can reasonably substitute field measured balances, however underestimating the above mentioned variables.Item Bayesian sequential procedure to estimate the viability of seeds Coffea arabica L. in tetrazolium test(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2019-05) Brighenti, Carla Regina Guimarães; Cirillo, Marcelo Ângelo; Costa, André Luís Alves; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da; Guimarães, Renato MendesTetrazolium tests use conventional sampling techniques in which a sample has a o Zootecnia, Av. Visconde do Rio Preto, s/n — 36301-360 — fixed size. These tests may be improved by sequential sampling, which does not work with fixed- s São João Del-Rei, MG — Brasil. size samples. When data obtained from an experiment are analyzed sequentially the analysis can OM 2Universidade Federal de Lavras -— Depto. de Estatística, C.P. be terminated when a particular decision has been made, and thus, there is no need to pre-es- "O 3037 - 37200-000 - Lavras, MG - Brasil. tablish the number of seeds to assess. Bayesian statistics can also help, if we have sufficient = Embrapa Café, PqEB, s/n - 70770-901 - Brasília, DF — knowledge about coffee production in the area to construct a prior distribution. Therefore, we Brasil. used the Bayesian sequential approach to estimate the percentage of viable coffee seeds sub- os “Universidade Federal de Lavras — Depto. de Agricultura. mitted to tetrazolium testing, and we incorporated priors with information from other analyses — *Corresponding author of crops from previous years. We used the Beta prior distribution and, using data obtained from Ss sample lots of Coffea arabica, determined its hyperparameters with a histogram and O'Hagan's O Edited by: Marcin Kozak methods. To estimate the lowest risk, we computed the Bayes risks, which provided us with a = basis for deciding whether or not we should continue the sampling process. The results confirm e Received April 13, 2017 that the Bayesian sequential estimation can indeed be used for the tetrazolium test: the average Fi; Accepted January 06, 2018 percentage of viability obtained with the conventional frequentist method was 88 %, whereas that v obtained with the Bayesian method with both priors was 89 %. However, the Bayesian method E required, on average, only 89 samples to reach this value while the traditional estimation method O needed as many as 200 samples.Item Spatial variability of coffee plant water consumption based on the SEBAL algorithm(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2019-03) Costa, Jéfferson de Oliveira; Coelho, Rubens Duarte; Wolff, Wagner; José, Jefferson Vieira; Folegatti, Marcos Vinicius; Ferraz, Silvio Frosini de BarrosAwareness of evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (Kc) is necessary for irrigation management in coffee crops. ET and Kc spatial variabilities are disregarded in traditional methods. Methods based on radiometric measurements have potential to obtain these spatialized variables. The Kc curve and spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were determined using images from Landsat 8 satellite. We used images of young and adult coffee plantations from OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensors over a two-year period. Evapotranspiration was estimated using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). Moreover, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated through the Penman-Monteith method. We obtained the values for the evapotranspiration fraction (ETf), analogous to Kc , according to ET and ETo values. The study was conducted in Buritis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in areas cropped with Coffea arabica irrigated by central pivots. A comparative analysis was made using different statistical indices. Average ETa was 2.17 mm d–1 for young coffee plantations, , and the Kc mean value was 0.6. For adult coffee plantations, average ETa was 3.95 mm d-1, , and the Kc mean value was 0.85. The ETc and Kc data obtained based on the SEBAL algorithm displayed similar values to studies that used traditional methods. This model has huge potential to estimate ET of different stages of coffee plantation for the region studiedItem Humic substances and its distribution in coffee crop under cover crops and weed control methods(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2016-07) Martins, Bruno Henrique; Araujo-Junior, Cezar Francisco; Miyazawa, Mario; Vieira, Karen MayaraHumic substances (HS) comprise the passive element in soil organic matter (SOM), and represent one of the soil carbon pools which may be altered by different cover crops and weed control methods. This study aimed to assess HS distribution and characteristics in an experimental coffee crop area subjected to cover crops and cultural, mechanical, and chemical weed control. The study was carried out at Londrina, in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil (23°21’30” S; 51°10’17” W). In 2008, seven weed control/cover crops were established in a randomized block design between two coffee rows as the main-plot factor per plot and soil sam- pling depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm) as a split-plot. HS were extracted through alkaline and acid solutions and analyzed by chromic acid wet oxidation and UV-Vis spec- troscopy. Chemical attributes presented variations in the topsoil between the field conditions analyzed. Cover crop cutting and coffee tree pruning residues left on the soil surface may have interfered in nutrient cycling and the humification process. Data showed that humic substances comprised about 50 % of SOM. Although different cover crops and weed control methods did not alter humic and fulvic acid carbon content, a possible incidence of condensed aromatic structures at depth increments in fulvic acids was observed, leading to an average decrease of 53 % in the E4 /E6 ratio. Humin carbon content increased 25 % in the topsoil, particularly under crop weed-control methods, probably due to high incorporation of recalcitrant structures from coffee tree pruning residues and cover crops.Item Agroforestry systems, nutrients in litter and microbial activity in soils cultivated with coffee at high altitude(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2014-03) Notaro, Krystal de Alcantara; Medeiros, Erika Valente de; Duda, Gustavo Pereira; Silva, Aline Oliveira; Moura, Patrícia Maia deAgroforestry systems are an alternative option for sustainable production manage- ment. These systems contain trees that absorb nutrients from deeper layers of the soil and leaf litter that help improve the soil quality of the rough terrain in high altitude areas, which are areas extremely susceptible to environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to characterize the stock and nutrients in litter, soil activity and the population of microorganisms in coffee (Cof- fea arabica L.) plantations under high altitude agroforestry systems in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Samples were collected from the surface litter together with soil samples taken at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) from areas each subject to one of the follow- ing four treatments: agroforestry system (AS), native forest (NF), biodynamic system (BS) and coffee control (CT).The coffee plantation had been abandoned for nearly 15 years and, although there had been no management or harvesting, still contained productive coffee plants. The ac- cumulation of litter and mean nutrient content of the litter, the soil nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, basal respiration, microbial quotient, metabolic quotient and microbial populations (total bacteria, fluorescent bacteria group, total fungi and Trichoderma spp.) were all analyzed. The systems that were exposed to human inter- vention (AS and BS) differed in their chemical attributes and contained higher levels of nutrients when compared to NF and CT. BS for coffee production at high altitude can be used as a sustain- able alternative in the high altitude zones of the semi-arid region in Brazil, which is an area that is highly susceptible to environmental degradation.Item Spatial variability of leaf wetness duration in cotton, coffee and banana crop canopies(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2008-12) Santos, Eduardo Alvarez; Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Angelocci, Luiz Roberto; Monteiro, José Eduardo Boffino AlmeidaDespite the importance of leaf wetness duration for plant disease epidemiology, there has been little attention paid to research on how its variability relates to different cropping situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of leaf wetness duration (LWD) in three crops, comparing these measurements with turfgrass LWD, obtained in a standard weather station. LWD was measured by electronic sensors in three crops with different canopy structures and leaf area: cotton, coffee and banana. For the cotton crop, cylindrical sensors were deployed at the lower third and on the top of the canopy, facing southwest. For the coffee crop, flat plate sensors were installed in the lower third of the canopy facing northeast and southwest; in the middle third facing northeast and southwest; and inside and on the top of the canopy. For the banana canopy, cylindrical sensors were used to measure LWD in the lower third of the canopy and in the upper third of the plant. Turfgrass LWD was simultaneously measured in a nearby standard weather station. The LWD showed different patterns of variation in the three crop canopies. For coffee plants, the longest LWD was found in the lower portions of the canopy; for the banana crop, the upper third of the canopy showed the longest LWD; whereas for the cotton crop no difference was observed between the top and lower third of the canopy. Turfgrass LWD presented a good relationship with LWD measured on the top or in the upper third of the crops. Thus, the estimate of crop LWD can be perfomed based on turfgrass LWD, this being a useful tool for plant disease management purposes for crops in which the longer LWD occurs at the upper canopy portion.