Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9886
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23 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Extraction of coffee berry borer adults and larvae from fruits(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2022-06-24) Nardon, Adriana Cristina; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; Rosa, Daniel DiasThe objective of this work was to develop a new method for extracting Hypothenemus hampei adults and larvae from coffee (Coffea arabica) fruits. The extractor consists of a set of two plastic containers, with one fit on top of the other: the one on top is used to place the fruits inside and the one on the bottom, as a base to capture adults and larvae. The efficiency of the extractor was compared with that of the dissection method (control). The number of live adults, dead adults, and larvae does not differ significantly between the two evaluated methods. The developed extractor reduces hand labor, is affordable, and is effective in capturing larvae and adults of H. hampei.Item Botanical insecticide formulation with neem oil and D-limonene for coffee borer control(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2021-05-12) Brito, Welington Adolfo de; Siquieroli, Ana Carolina Silva; Andaló, Vanessa; Duarte, Jéssyca Gonçalves; Sousa, Raquel Maria Ferreira de; Felisbino, John Kenedy Rodrigues Pereira; Silva, Gleidson Caetano daThe objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of a botanical formulation with neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and D-limonene for the control of Hypothenemus hampei, as well as to determine the fatty acid composition of neem oil. Ninety-five percent neem oil was extracted from cold-pressed A. indica seeds, and D-limonene, from citrus peel. Humic extract (organic carbon), potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur were included as additives. The analysis of neem oil by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry showed that linoleic acid (49.28%) is the main fatty acid in its composition. Field tests were carried out on 'Topázio MG 1190' coffee (Coffea arabica) trees, with four applications of the formulated compound every 20 days for a period of 64 days. For the evaluation of insecticidal activity, the botanical formulation was applied to filter paper or topically on the insect’s dorsal side, showing a mortality of 63.34 and 100% after 48 hours, respectively. In the field, insecticidal activity caused a 62.4% reduction in the incidence of the H. hampei population, when compared with the control. The evaluated botanical formulation is efficient in controlling H. hampei in coffee plants.Item Geographical distribution of the incubation period of coffee leaf rust in climate change scenarios(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2019) Alfonsi, Waldenilza Monteiro Vital; Coltri, Priscila Pereira; Zullo Júnior, Jurandir; Patrício, Flávia Rodrigues Alves; Gonçalves, Renata Ribeiro do Valle; Shinji, Kaio; Alfonsi, Eduardo Lauriano; Koga-Vicente, AndreaThe objective of this work was to simulate the geographical distribution of the incubation period of coffee leaf rust in Coffea arabica, using data of two regional climate models, Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta- MIROC5. The scenario of high greenhouse gas emission (RCP 8.5 W m-2) was used for the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil, for current and future climate scenarios. The behavior of six different regression equations for incubation period (IP), available in the literature, was also analyzed as affected by data from the regional climate models. The results indicate the possibility of an increase in the affected area in the studied region, When the IP is less than 19 days, from 0.5% for Eta-MIROC5 to 14.2% for Eta- HadGEM2-ES. The severity of coffee leaf rust in future scenarios should increase in the hottest and wettest months of the year, extending to the driest and coldest months. The potential of rust infection is estimated differently by the studied equations. In higher temperature scenarios, the Kushalappa & Martins equation indicates a very high severity potential.Item Difference between isolates from brown eye spot and black spot lesions in coffee plants(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2019) Botelho, Deila Magna dos Santos; Resende, Mário Lucio Vilela de; Rezende, Juliana Costa de; Ribeiro Júnior, Pedro Martins; Andrade, Camila Cristina Lage de; Alves, Eduardo; Amaral, Douglas CarvalhoThe objective of this work was to evaluate the difference between the isolates from two cercospora leaf spot symptoms (brown eye spot and black spot) in relation to conidial morphology, mycelial growth, cercosporin production, and reproduction of symptoms in coffee leaves collected in three municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There was a difference between the isolates for the studied variables, but without any relation to the type of symptom. The differences found were not associated with the origin of the isolates. The symptoms characterized as black spot were associated with different host conditions during the infection process.Item Leaf miner incidence in coffee plants under different drip irrigation regimes and planting densities(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2012-02) Assis, Gleice Aparecida; Assis, Franscinely Aparecida; Scalco, Myriane Stella; Parolin, Francisco José Toloza; Fidelis, Iraci; Moraes, Jair Campos; Guimarães, Rubens JoséThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different drip irrigation regimes and planting densities on the incidence of the leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, in arabica coffee plants for one year. The experiment was carried out in 2008, in a complete randomized block design, in a split‐plot in time arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four drip irrigation regimes – soil water balance, irrigations at 20 and 60 kPa soil tensions, and a nonirrigated treatment –, which were distributed at three plant densities: 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 plants per hectare. The evaluations were made on a monthly basis between January and December 2008. The highest pest occurrence period was from August to November, a season with low‐air relative humidity preceded by a drought period. Irrigated coffee plants showed an incidence of intact mines 2.2 times lower than that of nonirrigated plants. Irrigation and increasing of plant density contribute to the reduction of coffee leaf miner occurrence.Item Toxicity of organic farming‐compatible products to the coffee leaf miner(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2013-03) Venzon, Madelaine; Krüger, Rodrigo Ferreira; Soto, Alberto; Tuelher, Edmar de Souza; Bonomo, Italo Santos; Fadini, Marcos Antonio Matiello; Fonseca, Maira Christina MarquesThe objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of organic farming‐compatible products to the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella. Lime sulphur, enriched Bordeaux mixture (Viça Café Plus), and the “supermagro” biofertilizer were first tested in laboratory. The most promising product was tested afterwards under field conditions. In laboratory, different concentrations of each product were applied on L. coffeella eggs and on infested coffee‐mined leaves. Only lime sulphur had ovicidal effects at an acceptable concentration (1.6%) for field applications, but no significant effect on larvae mortality was found. Enriched Bordeaux mixture and the “supermagro” biofertilizer had no effect on L. coffeella eggs and larvae. In the field trial, biweekly or monthly sprayings of lime sulphur at different concentrations caused population decrease after 30 days; however, this effect was not significant after 60 or 90 days.Item Field data and prediction models of pesticide spray drift on coffee crop(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2014-08) Alves, Guilherme Sousa; Cunha, João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues daThe objective of this work was to generate drift curves from pesticide applications on coffee plants and to compare them with two European drift‐prediction models. The used methodology is based on the ISO 22866 standard. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with ten replicates in a 2x20 split‐plot arrangement. The evaluated factors were: two types of nozzles (hollow cone with and without air induction) and 20 parallel distances to the crop line outside of the target area, spaced at 2.5 m. Blotting papers were used as a target and placed in each of the evaluated distances. The spray solution was composed of water+rhodamine B fluorescent tracer at a concentration of 100 mg L ‐1 , for detection by fluorimetry. A spray volume of 400 L ha ‐1 was applied using a hydropneumatic sprayer. The air‐induction nozzle reduces the drift up to 20 m from the treated area. The application with the hollow cone nozzle results in 6.68% maximum drift in the nearest collector of the treated area. The German and Dutch models overestimate the drift at distances closest to the crop, although the Dutch model more closely approximates the drift curves generated by both spray nozzles.Item Controle massal da broca‐do‐café com armadilhas de garrafa Pet vermelha em cafeeiro(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2014-08) Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho; Silva, Ricardo Siqueira da; Silva, Ítalo Willian da; Fernandes, Maria Elisa de Sena; Ribeiro, Luan HumbertoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de armadilha de garrafa Pet vermelha contendo compostos voláteis alcoólicos atrativos, no controle massal da broca‐do‐café (Hypothenemus hampei). As avaliações foram realizadas em quatro lavouras de café, durante dois anos. Foram distribuídas 900 armadilhas de garrafa Pet, pintadas de vermelho, em três das quatro lavouras; uma lavoura sem armadilhas foi usada como controle. O broqueamento dos frutos (%) foi determinado nessas lavouras. Houve redução do broqueamento de frutos nas lavouras com armadilhas, da safra 2007/2008 para a safra 2008/2009. As maiores densidades da broca‐do‐café nas armadilhas foram observadas nos estádios de floração e de frutos chumbinho. A armadilha de garrafa Pet vermelha é eficaz no controle massal da população da broca‐do‐café, por reduzir a percentagem de frutos broqueados em 57%; entretanto, essa redução não é suficiente para manter as densidades da broca abaixo do nível de controle.Item Impacto do aumento da concentração atmosférica de dióxido de carbono sobre a ferrugem e o crescimento do cafeeiro(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2016-08) Tozzi, Fernanda Ribeiro Oliveira; Ghini, RaquelO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono atmosférico sobre o crescimento de plantas e a severidade da ferrugem (causada por Hemileia vastatrix) em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica). Utilizaram-se as cultivares 'Obatã IAC 1669‐20' e 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144', moderadamente resistente e suscetível à doença, respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram de 400 e 508 μmol mol ‐1 de CO2 atmosférico, em dois tipos de estufas de topo aberto (OTC). As plantas das duas cultivares, cultivadas nas OTCs com adição de CO2 , apresentaram aumento de área foliar, e da taxa de crescimento em altura e em diâmetro do caule, em comparação às plantas cultivadas em estufas à concentração ambiente de CO2; porém, as cultivares não diferiram quanto ao teor de cera das folhas. Em 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144', a severidade da ferrugem diminuiu com o aumento da concentração de CO2, quanto ao número de lesões, área foliar lesionada, número de lesões esporuladas, área lesionada esporulada, percentagem de área foliar lesionada e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença; no entanto, em 'Obatã IAC 1669‐20', a severidade da doença não variou. A incidência de folhas lesionadas por planta, o período latente, a germinação de urediniósporos e a formação de apressórios não são alterados, à dose de 508 μmol mol ‐1 de CO2, em ambas as cultivares.Item Controle químico da ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix berk & br.) do cafeeiro através de diferentes esquemas de aplicação(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 1999-03) Chalfoun, Sára Maria; Carvalho, Vicente Luiz deO presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de testar os diferentes esquemas de controle químico da ferrugem do cafeeiro disponíveis, durante o período de 1994 a 1996 em São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por esquemas preventivos, baseados em fungicidas cúpricos (oxicloreto de cobre e óxido cuproso), curativos, baseados em fungicidas sistêmicos (grupo dos triazois) e mistos (associação de esquemas curativos e preventivos). As datas de aplicação foram previamente fixadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que: a) a aplicação de esquemas de controle por meio de datas pré-fixadas tem permitido a elevação da ferrugem ao final do seu ciclo; b) o fungicida triadimenol 1,5%, associado ao inseticida dissulfoton 7,5%, granulado, aplicado ao solo no mês de dezembro, na dosagem de 40 kg/ha do produto comercial, foi o único tratamento que manteve baixos índices de ferrugem durante o ciclo da doença; c) os tratamentos aplicados por meio do sistema radicular, triadimenol e cyproconazole, foram beneficiados pela associação com o inseticida dissulfoton.
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