Biblioteca do Café
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Item In vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy for characterization of gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2021-11-20) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Lopes, Tatiane Almeida; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Espindula, Marcelo CuritibaThe objectives of this study were to optimize in vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy procedures to characterize the gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora genotypes. For that purpose, 115 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 30 parent plants of the Conilon (17) and Robusta (13) botanical varieties. Tester plants of compatibility groups I, II, and III were used as pollen grain donors. On the day of anthesis, pollen grains of the donor genotypes were transferred in vitro to one of the sides of the bifid stigma of each receptor flower. After 30 hours, the development of the pollen tubes was evaluated in fluorescence microscopy. Eleven genotypes (37%) were classified in compatibility Group I, thirteen (43%) in Group II, and six (20%) in Group III. In vitro pollination allowed reduction in the time necessary to diagnose compatibility, without exhibiting contamination caused by the presence of pollen grains of non-donor plants.Item Expression of self-incompatibility in Coffea canephora genotypes grown in the western Amazon(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2022-12-05) Depolo, Rodrigo Prado; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro LaraThe objective of this work was to characterize the expression of gametophytic self-incompatibility in a Coffea canephora breeding population, to assist in the management and development of new cultivars. For that purpose, 550 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 62 parent plants, of which 27 were from the conilon botanical variety and 35 from the robusta. Thirty-two genotypes compatible with all previously known testers were identified, suggesting the existence of new compatibility groups. From these results, hybridizations were carried out in a complete diallel design with reciprocal crosses to characterize new test plants. Based on the compatibility response with the test plants, the genotypes were clustered into the six following groups: group I, 11 (17.74%) genotypes; group II, 13 (20.97%); group III, 6 (9.68%); group IV, 9 (14.52%); group V, 8 (12.90%); and group VI, 15 (24.19%). The genotypes of the botanical variety robusta show a higher frequency of plants in compatibility group VI and a greater genetic variability, whereas those of the conilon variety have a higher frequency of plants in compatibility group II. The identification of new compatibility groups assists in new management practices that seek to increase the efficiency of pollination by favoring, through natural means, fully compatible crosses.Item Environmental stratification and performance of Coffea canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moraes, Marcos Santana; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro LaraChange in the performance of clones grown in different environments is an important question for Coffea canephora breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental stratification and the performance of C. canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon. For that purpose, the mean yield of three crop seasons was considered to evaluate the performance of 20 genotypes grown in 6 clonal competition trials in the environments of: E1: Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, E2: Porto Velho-RO, E3: Ariquemes-RO, E4 and E5: Rio Branco-AC and E6: Alta Floresta do Oeste-RO. The trials were conducted with a plant spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m in a complete block experimental design, with three replications of eight plants per plot. Combined analysis indicated significance of the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction and favorable conditions to obtain gains from selection. Reduction in the dimensionality estimated from climate and soil characteristics indicated that the environments of Porto Velho-RO, Rio Branco-AC and Ariquemes-RO are more similar to each other than the environments of Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO and Alta Floresta-RO of greater natural soil fertility and higher altitude. The AMMI1 biplot shows that genotypes 16, 10, and 13 had the highest mean yields, together with greater stability. In the AMMI2 scatterplot (IPCA1×IPCA2), the environ ments E4 and E5 were clustered in the same sector. Clustering based on the complex fraction of the G×E interaction coincided with the AMMI2 scatterplot that clustered the E4 and E5 environments in a single mega-environment. Except for these environments, all the others clustered as locations of different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This result shows the importance of maintaining evaluations in these environments, which represent the conditions of the coffee fields in the region.Item Amazonian Robustas - new Coffea canephora coffee cultivars for the Western Brazilian Amazon(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2020) Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ramalho, André Rostand; Vieira Júnior, José Roberto; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Lunz, Aureny Maria Pereira; Souza, Flávio de França; Costa, José Nilton Medeiros; Fernandes, Cleberson de FreitasAmazonian Robustas are ten new clones of high yield potential with characteristics typical of the botanical varieties conilon and robusta. With individual registration, the new cultivars were developed to be grown together with other clones, with flexibility of composition of the crops according to the preference of the producer.Item Coffea canephora breeding: estimated and achieved gains from selection in the Western Amazon, Brazil(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2021) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, Andre Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Lunz, Aureny Maria Pereira; Souza, Flavio de FrançaGain from selection is an important criterion in quantifying the efficiency of breeding programs. This study quantified the selection gain estimated under experimental conditions and realized gain achieved in the field, seeking to interpret the efficiency of the Coffea canephora selection. For that purpose, we considered experiments that began in 2004 with directed hybridizations to obtain new hybrid progenies. From a breeding population composed of 288 hybrid individuals, 12 genotypes were selected in experimental conditions from 2005 to 2012, with amplitude in the estimated gains from 127.70 to−19.19%. Those genotypes were evaluated from 2012 to 2018 in clonal tests in four environments of the Western Amazon. The environment that exhibited the greatest correlation between the predicted genetic values and the realized genetic gain observed in the field was the environment of Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO (0.67), the location in which the plants were selected, followed by the environments of Alta FlorestaD´Oeste, RO (0.44), Rio Branco, AC (0.43), and Porto Velho, RO (0.37). Experimental conditions showed that the effect due to dominance deviations was approximately three times greater than the additive effect. Nine clones exhibited higher genetic gains in the experimental conditions and at field, and two clones exhibited lower estimated gains and lower field performance.The clone G17-P7 exhibited high genetic gain under experimental conditions and low field performance. The selection in experimental conditions was positively correlated with plant performance in the field (r=0.55), which allows reduction of the original breeding population to a set of more promising clones to be grown in multiple environments, optimizing time and resources.Item Adaptability and stability of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner genotypes in the Western Amazon(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2020) Moraes, Marcos Santana; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Silva, Camila Andrade; Lunz, Aureny Maria PereiraThe development of Coffea canephora cultivars is based on the characterization of genotype × environment interaction, which is interpreted to quantify the differential behavior of clones at different cultivation sites. The objective of this research was to study the genotype x environment interaction aiming to select clones of broad and specific adaptation to different environments of the Western Amazon. Twelve clones with hybrid characteristics of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and four open pollinated clones, had their performance evaluated in comparison with four controls. The genotype × environment interaction was interpreted based on the environmental quality index, the nonparametric estimator of Lin and Binns, 1988 and on the dispersion of the centroid method. Effects of the genotypes, environment, and genotype × environment interaction were all significant (p<0.01). The environmental quality index (Ij) classified three environments as favorable for coffee production. In terms of the Lin and Binn’s estimator (Pi), hybrid genotypes 16, 10, 13, 09 and 14 presented lower Pi indices than others, and were classified as being more stable. Five clones of low adaptability, seven clones of specific adaptability to favorable or unfavorable environments and two clones of broad adaptability to all environments were identified interpreting the dispersion of the centroid method.Item Beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in the western Amazon, Brazil(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2021) Morais, Johnnescley Anes de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Souza, Carolina Augusto deThis study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production.Item Resistance of new Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in the western amazon(Editora UFLA, 2020) Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Vieira Junior, José Roberto; Fernandes, Cleberson de Freitas; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, André Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Santos, Anderson Vieira; Anjos, Elize Francisca Mendes dos; Uchôa, Francisco PaivaRoot-knot disease is among the main diseases affecting coffee crop. The plant selection to the development new resistant cultivars is among one the most efficient methods of control. The present work aimed to quantify the resistance responses of Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in the Western Amazon. For this, 17 previously selected clones were evaluated in three experimental trials, carried out in the municipalities of Ji-Paraná and Porto Velho, Rondônia. The resistance to root-knot nematodes M. incognita were evaluated by the numbers of gall in the roots (NG) and by the reproductive factor (RF). The resistance response was also interpreted according the genetic diversity of the clones based in their morphological traits. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 are resistant to M. incognita with RF of 0.34, 0.62, 0.79, 0.86 and 0.98, respectively. BRS3213, C125, C15, BRS2336, BRS3220 and C09 clones were classified as susceptible, with RF of 1.93, 1.95, 2.00, 2.31, 2.32 and 2.35. The BRS3193, C160 and BRS2357 clones were classified as very susceptible, with RF values of 3.03, 4.41 and 5.82, respectively. The clustering based on the genetic diversity of morphological traits indicated that genotypes more similar to the Robusta botanic variety had lower RF. The hybrid plants showed intermediate degrees of resistance indicating the segregation for the character of the M. incognita resistance. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2299, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 expressed resistance responses to M. incognita with potential for growing resistant genotypes in the Western Amazon.Item Robustas amazônicos: novas cultivares híbridas de café canéfora para a Amazônia Ocidental(Embrapa Café, 2019-10) Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ramalho, André Rostand; Vieira Junior, José Roberto; Alves, Enrique Anastacio; Ferro, Gilvan de Oliveira; Diocleciano, João Maria; Moraes, Marcos Santana; Lourenço, João Luiz Resende; Teles, Crhistofer Fernandes RosaVisando oferecer novas opções para o cultivo e contribuir para aumento da variabilidade genética da cafeicultura na Amazônia Ocidental, a Embrapa Rondônia desenvolveu 10 novas cultivares com alto potencial produtivo e com características agronômicas típicas das variedades botânicas Conilon e Robusta. Esse trabalho é resultado de 16 anos de pesquisa, tendo sido iniciado no ano de 2003, a partir da hibridação controlada entre plantas matrizes das variedades Conilon e Robusta do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa. As novas cultivares foram desenvolvidas a partir de cruzamentos entre plantas das variedades botânicas Conilon e Robusta. Os cruzamentos foram realizados no ano de 2003 no campo experimental de Embrapa Rondônia, utilizando matrizes da variedade botânica Robusta (Robustas 2258, 1675, 640) e matriz da variedade botânica Conilon (Encapa 03). No período de 2003 a 2010 essas plantas foram avaliadas em ensaios no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste, e selecionadas para serem avaliadas em diferentes ambientes juntamente com clones provenientes de polinização aberta. As cultivares de polinização aberta BRS 2299 e BRS 2357 foram selecionadas da Cultivar Conilon - BRS Ouro Preto, desenvolvida pela Embrapa no ano de 2013. No período de 2011 a 2018, os genótipos selecionados foram avaliados nos ambientes de Porto Velho, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Ouro Preto do Oeste e Ariquemes no estado de Rondônia e Rio Branco, no estado do Acre. Dos quatro ambientes avaliados, o experimento de Alta Floresta D’Oeste foi o que apresentou melhores condições ambientais para expressão do potencial genético das cultivares. Neste ambiente, a média geral das cultivares, nos três anos de avaliação foi de 93 sacas por hectare, com destaque para as cultivares BRS 1216, BRS 3210 e BRS 2336 que produziram mais de 100 sacas na média dos três anos.Item Caracterização da autoincompatibilidade gametofítica de acessos de banco ativo de germoplasma de Coffea canephora(Embrapa Café, 2019-10) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Vieira Júnior, José Roberto; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, André Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosO Coffea canephora é uma espécie alógama que apresenta autoincompatibilidade gametofítica (AIG), de expressão governada por um único gene multialélico, identificado pela letra S. Na cafeicultura clonal o plantio de clones não compatíveis pode reduzir a produtividade e a qualidade dos grãos devido a menor eficiência da polinização e aumento na taxa de grãos do tipo moca. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar a autoincompatibilidade de acessos do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa quantificando a diversidade alélica e genotípica de uma população de melhoramento, fornecendo subsídios para manipulação dessa característica no desenvolvimento de novas variedades. Para isso foram realizadas hibridações in vitro entre 28 genótipos de um campo de hibridação contendo 80 matrizes das variedades botânicas Conilon e Robusta. Os procedimentos de hibridação in vitro se iniciaram um dia antes da antese, com a proteção dos ramos doadores utilizando sacos de papel do tipo kraft de 55x25cm e transferência dos estigmas das plantas receptora para meio de cultura (sacarose 10%). Os genótipos doadores de grãos de pólen BRS 1216, BRS 2299 e BRS 3193 foram utilizados como plantas testadoras dos grupos de compatibilidade I, II e III respectivamente. A polinização in vitro foi realizada no dia da antese com a raspagem dos grãos de pólen que é colocado em contato com apenas um dos dois estigmas de cada pistilo bífido. A compatibilidade das hibridações foi avaliada utilizando coloração com azul de anilina a 1% para visualização do desenvolvimento dos tubos polínicos utilizando microscopia de fluorescência. A eficiência de polinização foi estimada pela relação entre o número de estigmas fertilizados e o número total de estigmas polinizados. A utilização de plantas testadoras dos grupos de compatibilidade permitiu reduzir o número de hibridações necessárias para caracterizar os genótipos das plantas. A polinização in vitro resultou em uma taxa média de pegamento de 60,3% com amplitude de 11 a 85% de pegamento nas hibridações compatíveis. Entre os 28 clones caracterizados 17 genótipos (61%) foram incompatíveis com a planta testadora do grupo I, 5 clones (18%) apresentaram incompatibilidade com a planta testadora do grupo II e 6 clones (21%) foram incompatíveis com o testador do grupo III. Os resultados parciais da caracterização dessa população de melhoramento indicam a distribuição dos genótipos em três grupos de compatibilidade com as frequências dos alelos S 1 , S 2 e S 3 , estimadas em 0,39, 0,41 e 0,20 respectivamente. Apesar da diferença observada entre as frequências alélicas, as frequências genotípicas não diferem das proporções esperadas para uma população em Equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg (EHW), com 1% de probabilidade. A caracterização do genótipo do gene S é importante, impactando na eficiência de polinização desse cultivo, com o favorecimento natural de cruzamentos compatíveis.