Biblioteca do Café

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Water retainer polymer in coffee plants deployment under different levels of irrigation
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Resende, Thales Barcelos; Souza, Victor Hugo Silva; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Guimarães, Rubens José
The use of water-retaining polymers may be a feasible alternative in regions with low water availability, as they has enhance the performance of coffee plants with more favorable anatomical characteristics to make physiological processes more efficient. However, the advantages of such use have been scarcely reported. Here, we studied the feasibility of using a water-retaining polymer to optimize irrigation water use during the establishment of a coffee plantation. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme (4 × 2) with three replications for a total of 24 experimental plots, each consisting of four pots, with one plant per unit. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at the Coffee Science Department of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of soil water at field capacity), with or without addition of the water-retaining polymer. Growth variables evaluated included: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot and root dry weights, root volume and area. Additionally, gas exchange, leaf water potential, and leaf anatomy were analyzed. The use of water-retaining polymer during establishment of the coffee plantation ensured sufficient water supply, thus guaranteeing plant anatomical and physiological functionality and, consequently, a healthy, vigorous growth.
Leaf anatomy, physiology and vegetative growth of fertigated Coffee arabica L. trees after exposure to pruning
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Soares, Daiane dos Santos; Silva, Elisângela Aparecida da; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Guimarães, Rubens José
In coffee plants, fertigation can be an alternative way to minimize the negative effects exerted by drought and maximize fertilizer use efficiency. However, the fertilization recommendations for fertigated coffee trees are still not very specific, and the recommendations for rainfed crops are used. In addition, little is known about the nutritional requirements for fertigated coffee trees that have undergone the low recepa pruning treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on leaf anatomy, physiology, and veg etative growth of fertigated coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) that have been under the low recepa pruning treatment. During the first five years of growth, the cultivar Topázio MG-1190 of the coffee crop received 10, 40, 70, 100, 130, and 160% of the fertilization levels recommended for the rainfed coffee crop. After this period, the crop was exposed to low recepa pruning. It was concluded that different doses of N, P, and K fertilizers modified the internal structure of coffee plant leaves, as well as physiological responses and plant growth; there was stronger vegetative growth, sharper leaf blade, greater thickness of spongy parenchyma, larger phloem area, and higher xylem relative hydraulic conductivity as the N, P, and K fertilizer levels in fertigated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants, which received the low recepa pruning treatment, increased. This knowledge can be used as a solid basis for main fertilization recommendations for fertigated coffee trees after exposure to the low recepa pruning treatment.
Morfofisiologia de cafeeiros em formação submetidos a diferentes níveis de adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio
(Embrapa Café, 2019-10) Vilela, Marina Scalioni; Ramos, Luana Xavier; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Faria, Mauro Magalhães Leite; Brandão, Lorena Martins; Pinheiro, Ana Luiza Gambogi; Pereira, Luísa Peloso; Souza, Victor Hugo Silva; Guimarães, Rubens José
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o potencial hídrico foliar, condutância estomática e o crescimento de cafeeiros em formação conduzidos em sequeiro submetidos a diferentes níveis de adubação com nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K). O experimento foi implantado em dezembro de 2018 em condições de campo no setor de Cafeicultura do Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG. Foram utilizadas mudas de cafeeiro da cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379/19 plantadas no espaçamento de 3,50 x 0,55 m. O delineamento experimental é de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os níveis de adubação utilizados são: 10, 40, 70, 100, 130 e 160% da adubação padrão recomendada em função de análise do solo. A primeira avaliação foi realizada 120 dias após o plantio. Foram avaliadas características fisiológicas como o potencial hídrico foliar (Ψw - MPa) e condutância estomática (gs - μmol m -2 s -1 ) e morfológicas como altura de plantas (ALT), diâmetro de caule (DC), número de folhas (NF), número de ramos plagiotrópicos (NP), número de nós do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico (NNP), número de folhas do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico (NFP) e comprimento do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico (CP). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, a 5 % de significância. Não houve diferença significativa para o potencial hídrico foliar, condutância estomática e crescimento de plantas em função das diferentes doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio aplicadas via adubação. Com isso, pelas primeiras avaliações realizadas pode-se concluir que os diferentes níveis de adubação não interferem significativamente no crescimento, potencial hídrico foliar e condutância estomática de cafeeiros em formação conduzidos em sequeiro.
Selectivity of fluazifop-p-butyl in young coffee plants
(Editora UFLA, 2019-07) Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Guimarães, Rubens José; Gonçalves, Adenilson Henrique
Weed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their big interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, as a function of its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee plants, the objective in this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Fluazifop- p-butyl on the young coffee plants, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), cultivated in pots with a capacity of 11 L substrate. The statistical design was randomized block design (RBD), with four replications and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The evaluations were performed at 120 days after application of the treatments. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. Regardless of the evaluated characteristic, there was no difference between the doses of the herbicide. There were no visual phytotoxicity symptoms in the young coffee plants that received the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The growth of the coffee plants and the physiological and anatomical characteristics were not altered due to the application of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl.
Agronomic techniques for mitigating the effects of water restriction on coffee crops
(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Barcelos, Thales Resende; Guimarães, Rubens José; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Bastos, Isadora dos Santos; Cruvinel, Arthur Henrique
Water restriction significantly affects coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production. The study of a few agronomic techniques that optimizes water use can generate technologies for mitigating the effects of climatic variations on coffee crops. The aim in this study was to indicate agronomic techniques that mitigate the effects of water restriction on coffee crops. For this end, we analyzed the morphophysiological changes in coffee plants cultivated in a greenhouse with different types of fertilizers and soil conditioners and under two levels of irrigation. The evaluations were performed 130 days after planting, assessing the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants. We also quantified soil moisture in the different treatments. The water restriction expressively hindered plant growth. The use of controlled release fertilizers and soil conditioners, especially coffee husk, is indicated for mitigating water restriction in coffee crops.
Water-retaining polymer and seedling type when planting irrigated coffee
(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2016-04) Souza, Antonio Jackson Jesus; Guimarães, Rubens José; Dominghetti, Anderson William; Scalco, Myriane Stella; Rezende, Tiago Teruel
The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of a water-retaining polymer on the initial growth of coffee plants for different levels of irrigation and types of seedling. The experiment was set up in pots with a clayey soil, in a greenhouse of the Sector for Coffee Production of the Federal University of Lavras, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design into sub-lots with three replications, giving a total of 48 experimental units. Four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the available water) were randomly assigned to the lots; the type of seedling (grown in bags or tubes) were randomly assigned to the sub-lots, and the use or not of the water-retaining polymer randomly assigned to the sub-sub-lots. In the treatments with water-retaining polymer, a dilution of 1.5 Kg of polymer to 400 litres of water was used at a dose of 1.5 litres of solution per plant. The following were evaluated at intervals of 60 days during the experiment (360 days from planting): stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and number of plagiotropic branches on the coffee plants. Hydrated water-retaining polymer favoured the growth of coffee plants under an irrigated system. Irrigation resulted in greater plant growth, with the seedlings grown in bags showing more growth than those grown in tubes.
Quantitative analysis of growth in coffee plants cultivated with a water-retaining polymer in an irrigated system
(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2016-01) Souza, Antonio Jackson de Jesus; Guimarães, Rubens José; Colombo, Alberto; Sant’Ana, José Antonio do Vale; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo
This study aimed to evaluate the use of hydro polymer retainer in the quantitative growth of coffee plants at different levels of irrigation and soil types. The experiment was conducted in pots with seedlings bag in the greenhouse of the Setor de Cafeicultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in factorial (2x4x2): absence or presence of hydro polymer retainer, four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), two soil types (sandy soil and medium texture). At 150 days evaluated the stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, dry weight of shoots, plant dry mass, root dry weight, root dry weight ratio of shoot, leaf area ratio, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area index. It was concluded that the polymer hydro retainer hydrated favored the growth of coffee plants and irrigation promoted greater growth of coffee in medium textured soil compared to soils with sandy texture.
Critical ranges for leaf nitrogen and potassium levels in coffee fertigated at the production phase
(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2015-01) Assis, Gleice Aparecida de; Guimarães, Rubens José; Colombo, Alberto; Scalco, Myriane Stella; Dominghetti, Anderson William
With the aim of establishing critical ranges for the leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) levels in fertigated coffee crops under production, an experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Sector for Coffee Cultivation of the Department of Agriculture at the Federal University of Lavras, in Brazil. Treatments consisted of five levels of fertilizer applied through fertigation: 30%, 80%, 130%, 180% and 230% of the recommended amounts of N and K for rainfed coffee grown in Minas Gerais. A randomised block design with four replications was used. Critical ranges for nutrient concentrations in the leaves were established from the results of growth characteristics (plant height and stem diameter), leaf analyses and productivity. The results obtained were: a) nitrogen (g kg -1 ): 32.39 to 32.40 for January/February; 33.60 to 33.61 for March/April; 27.39 to 27.42 for May/June; 24.23 to 24.24 for July/August; 26.06 to 26.09 for September/October and 26.50 to 26.51 for November/December; b ) potassium (g kg -1 ): 20.08 to 20.14 for January/February; 17.89 to 17.91 for March/April; 15.93 to 15.96 for May/June; 15.29 to 15.35 for July/August; 16.61 to 16.64 for September/October and 20.58 to 20.64 for November/December.
Crescimento do cafeeiro sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e fertilização
(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2000-05) Alves, Maria Emilia Borges; Faria, Manoel Alves de; Guimarães, Rubens José; Muniz, Joel Augusto; Silva, Elio Lemos da
Com o objetivo de se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e parcelamentos para aplicação de fertilizantes via água de irrigação no crescimento do cafeeiro instalou-se, em uma área da UFLA, um experimento com cafeeiro Acaiá MG-1474, no qual foram testadas cinco diferentes lâminas de irrigação e três parcelamentos de adubação. As lâminas aplicadas correspondiam a percentuais da evaporação do tanque Classe A (ECA) representados por 0, 100, 80, 60 e 40%, enquanto a adubação foi realizada em 3, 6 e 9 parcelamentos, no período tradicional de adubação do cafeeiro. Foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento da planta, dentre os quais somente os diâmetros do caule e da copa, comprimento do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico, e número de ramificações no primeiro ramo plagiotrópico sofreram efeitos significativos de lâmina. Os parcelamentos de adubação apresentaram efeito significativo para o comprimento do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico, sendo que a adubação em três parcelamentos foi a que surtiu melhor resultado. A interação lâmina x parcelamento foi significativa para alguns parâmetros de crescimento, porém esses resultados não apresentaram uma tendência comum que permitisse se constatar qual o tratamento mais indicado para a condução do cafeeiro.
Sistemas de produção de feijão intercalado com cafeeiro adensado em período de formação ou após recepa
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010-05) Carvalho, Abner José de; Andrade, Messias José Bastos de; Guimarães, Rubens José; Morais, Augusto Ramalho de
A consorciação de culturas anuais com o cafeeiro é realizada desde a introdução da cafeicultura no Brasil. Entretan- to, os últimos resultados disponíveis foram obtidos com cultivares antigos e espaçamentos ultrapassados. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do número de linhas de plantas e da dose de adubação NPK do feijoeiro intercalado ao cafeeiro, foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo na Universidade Federal de Lavras, um em lavoura em forma- ção (cv. Topázio) e outro em lavoura recepada (cv. Acaiá Cerrado), em duas épocas de plantio (das águas e da seca). O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em esque- ma fatorial 4 x 4 + 1, envolvendo quatro números de linhas intercalares de feijoeiro (uma, duas, três e quatro) e quatro doses de adubação (0, 50, 100 e 150% da adubação NPK recomendada para o monocultivo), mais um tratamento adicional (o monocultivo do cafeeiro ou do feijoeiro). Concluiu-se que o aumento do número de linhas de feijoeiro elevou o rendimento de grãos da leguminosa em cultivo intercalar ao cafeeiro, independentemente da dose de aduba- ção, do tipo de manejo da lavoura (formação ou recepa) e da época de plantio, mas reduziu o incremento no diâmetro do caule do cafeeiro em formação, a emissão de nós e o crescimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos, tanto no cafeeiro em formação quanto no recepado. O emprego da adubação NPK em até 150% do equivalente à dose recomendada para o monocultivo não influenciou o rendimento de grãos do feijoeiro intercalado ao cafeeiro.

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