Biblioteca do Café
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Item Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae) as an agroecological tool for coffee pest management(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2022-08-04) Andrade, Fernanda Pereira; Venzon, Madelaine; Fonseca, Maira Christina Marques; Pallini Filho, AngeloCoffee (Coffea sp.) is a crop of great relevance in agriculture. However, its productivity can be severely affected by the attack of pests, such as Leucoptera coffeella and Hypothenemus hampei. The coffee leaf miner, L. coffeella, is a key coffee pest in the Neotropics. The larvae feed on the parenchyma of coffee leaves decreasing the photosynthesis capacity and leading to significant losses in yield. The coffee berry borer, H. hampei, is the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide. This pest lives inside the coffee berry consuming the seeds thus reducing the quantity and quality of the coffee grains. The most common method of control to both pests is the use of synthetic pesticides, which have a low effectiveness due to the selection of resistant populations. Additionally, the excessive use of these products could have a severe impact in the environment and non-target individuals. An alternative for the management of these pests could be the use of specific plants and their secondary metabolites, such as the essential oils. Varronia curassavica is a medicinal species that produces an essential oil with a range of biological activities besides attracting natural enemies, such as the Chrysopidae. The specie Chrysoperla externa is an important biological control agent of a variety of pests, including L. coffeella and H. hampei. In this study, I investigate whether V. curassavica can be used in the management of L. coffeella and H. hampei and benefit their natural enemy C. externa. I performed a greenhouse experiment to evaluate if the association of V. curassavica plants with coffee plants would affect the oviposition of L. coffeella and its predator C. externa (Chapter I). The association of the V. curassavica plants with coffee plants didn’t affect L. coffeella oviposition, however, it increased the C. externa oviposition. I also investigate the effects of the V. curassavica essential oil in the oviposition and the development of eggs and mines of L. coffeella (Chapter II). The V. curassavica essential oil inhibited the oviposition of L. coffeella but did not affect the development of its eggs and mines. I evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of V. curassavica essential oil on H. hampei, assessing the mortality rates, the mobility of H. hampei, and the repellence of the essential oil to this pest (Chapter III). The essential oil of V. curassavica is toxic to H. hampei and affects its mobility, but it wasn’t repellent to the pest in the concentration tested. This study demonstrates that V. curassavica plant and its essential oil could be a safer alternative in the management of the key coffee pests. Keywords: Coffea sp. Leucoptera coffeella. Hypothenemus hampei. Chrysoperla externa.Item Plants for fitness enhancement of a coffee leaf miner parasitoid(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-12-06) Calderón Arroyo, Carolina; Venzon, Madelaine; Pallini, Angelo; Togni, Pedro HenriqueConservative biological control aims to enhance the pest control through the conservation of natural enemies in the field, one of the strategies used is to introduce or manage plants that provide food for natural enemies. The effect of feeding resources on the fitness of a coffee leaf miner parasitoid Proacrias coffeae was assessed. To evaluate the effect of nectar on P. coffeae survival we used three flowering plants: Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora and Varronia curassavica; and we also tested the extrafloral nectar of a leguminous shrub Senna cernua. The parasitoids increase their survival when feeding on the floral nectar of V. curassavica and on the extrafloral nectar of S. cernua. No significant differences were found in their survival when feeding on B. pilosa and G. parviflora floral nectar. After promising results with the extrafloral nectar of S. cernua in the parasitoids survival, we evaluated its effect on the egg load of P. coffeae. The parasitoids increased their egg load when exposed to the extrafloral nectar and with increasing age. Our results show the potential of V. curassavica and S. cernua for providing nutritional resources to the parasitoid P. coffeae and therefore enhance their fitness by an increment of their survival when they were confine with the resource. In terms of conservative biological control, that means that introducing in the coffee agroecosystem feeding resources for P. coffeae can increase their success as biocontrol agents, not just by enhancing their survival but also their reproductive potential. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Proacrias coffeae. Nectar. Plant provided food.Item Intercropped plants as a reservoir of predatory mites in coffee crop with a description of a new species(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-08-27) Ferla, Júlia Jantsch; Pallini Filho, Angelo; Perez, André Lage; Araújo, Gustavo Júnior de; Venzon, Madelaine; Ferla, Noeli JuarezThis is the case of coffee crops in Brazil, which are of great importance to the country's economy. Currently, Brazil is the world main coffee exporter and the conventional system production consists in a monoculture with low plant diversification that uses chemical inputs to control pests. This system not only affects the target pest species, different arthropods and pathogens but also many other beneficial species that can play important roles in maintaining the ecosystem due to the services they provide, such as pollination and biological control. Hence, the conservation biological control can be an alternative to pesticides while controlling insect and mite pests in agroecosystems. The use of conservation biological control practices could be done with a variety of integrated strategies using ecological services from the local biodiversity. One strategy is using plants that provide shelter and alternative food to predatory mites, such as nectar and pollen, increasing biodiversity in agroecosystems in order to reach a sustainable control of pests. | studied the mite community from a taxonomic perspective in a coffee system intercropped interspersed on a side strip with plants that provided nectar and pollen for the arthropod community. My aim was to evaluate if the communities of predators and phytophagous mites present on coffee crops changed if their distance from the selected Intercropped Plants Species (IPS) increased. | also investigated the composition of predatory and phytophagous mite species on the IPS and assessed the role of these plants as a conservative biological control strategy. Finally, | described a new Tydeidae species sampled on coffee and Inga plants. The study was carried out at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, in Patrocínio county, Minas Gerais state. To do so, the mites were recorded on IPS and in different distances on coffee transects of 16 m (4, 8, 12 and 16 meters) extending from IPS. Morphological identification of the new tydeid species was made with a microscope with phase contrast and dichotomous key and drawings were made using Adobe lllustrator® program. | show that the IPS do not modify the community of predators and phytophagous mites in coffee along the distance, but they harbor herbivorous mites that are not pests on coffee. Those mites can be an alternative prey to increase the population of predators on these plants, assisting in the biological control of mite pests in the coffee crops. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Agroecosystem diversification. Ecosystem service. Tydeidae. Taxonomy.Item Intercropped plants as a reservoir of predatory mites in coffee crop with a description of a new species(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-08-27) Ferla, Júlia Jantsch; Pallini Filho, Angelo; Ferla, Noeli Juarez; Venzon, Madelaine; Araújo, Gustavo Júnior de; Lage Perez, AndréThis is the case of coffee crops in Brazil, which are of great importance to the country's economy. Currently, Brazil is the world main coffee exporter and the conventional system production consists in a monoculture with low plant diversification that uses chemical inputs to control pests. This system not only affects the target pest species, different arthropods and pathogens but also many other beneficial species that can play important roles in maintaining the ecosystem due to the services they provide, such as pollination and biological control. Hence, the conservation biological control can be an alternative to pesticides while controlling insect and mite pests in agroecosystems. The use of conservation biological control practices could be done with a variety of integrated strategies using ecological services from the local biodiversity. One strategy is using plants that provide shelter and alternative food to predatory mites, such as nectar and pollen, increasing biodiversity in agroecosystems in order to reach a sustainable control of pests. | studied the mite community from a taxonomic perspective in a coffee system intercropped interspersed on a side strip with plants that provided nectar and pollen for the arthropod community. My aim was to evaluate if the communities of predators and phytophagous mites present on coffee crops changed if their distance from the selected Intercropped Plants Species (IPS) increased. | also investigated the composition of predatory and phytophagous mite species on the IPS and assessed the role of these plants as a conservative biological control strategy. Finally, | described a new Tydeidae species sampled on coffee and Inga plants. The study was carried out at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, in Patrocínio county, Minas Gerais state. To do so, the mites were recorded on IPS and in different distances on coffee transects of 16 m (4, 8, 12 and 16 meters) extending from IPS. Morphological identification of the new tydeid species was made with a microscope with phase contrast and dichotomous key and drawings were made using Adobe lllustrator® program. | show that the IPS do not modify the community of predators and phytophagous mites in coffee along the distance, but they harbor herbivorous mites that are not pests on coffee. Those mites can be an alternative prey to increase the population of predators on these plants, assisting in the biological control of mite pests in the coffee crops. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Agroecosystem diversification. Ecosystem service. Tydeidae. Taxonomy.Item Interações ecológicas do tripes predador Trybomia sp. (Thysanoptera: Phaeothripidae) com Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1987)(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) em sistemas agroflorestais(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2020-02-27) Coffler, Thais; Venzon, Madelaine; Lima, Élison Fabrício BezerraA broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei, é a praga mais importante do café no mundo, causando perdas significativas e afetando muitos produtores de café. Além disso, o hábito críptico da broca torna essa praga extremamente difícil de ser controlada. Tripes do gênero Trybomia foram observados se alimentando de estádios imaturos da broca-do-café, em laboratório e em frutos de café broqueados no campo na Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brasil. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre as interações ecológicas desse tripes com a broca-do-café e sua associação com diferentes plantas presentes em sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) de café. Visando compreender as interações do tripes Trybomia sp. em sistemas agroflorestais de café com a broca-do-café, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a eficiência do tripes na redução dos ataques causados nos frutos de café por H. hampei, bem como a presença e a sobrevivência de Trybomia sp. em diferentes hospedeiros. No capítulo 1, foi avaliada a capacidade do tripes em predar e reduzir os ataques causados pela broca-do-café em frutos do cafeeiro. No capítulo 2, foram amostradas diferentes plantas presentes em SAFs de café, para observar a presença de Trybomia sp. Também foi avaliada a interação do tripes com algumas das plantas presentes em SAFs e sua relação com os nectários extraflorais do ingá, Inga edulis. A infestação pela broca foi maior na ausência do tripes, portanto, possivelmente, a presença do tripes interfere na infestação da broca nos frutos. No entanto, os tripes não foram eficientes em predar adultos da broca-do-café. Das 22 plantas amostradas nos SAFs, em apenas cinco foram encontrados indivíduos de Trybomia sp. Foi encontrada diferença significativa na sobrevivência do tripes em folhas de café (Coffea arábica), capoeira-branca (Solanum granulosoleprosum), canela-pororoca (Tapirira guianensis), ingá (Inga edulis) e quaresmeira (Tibouchina granulosa). No entanto, nenhum tripes atingiu a fase adulta se alimentando somente dos diferentes hospedeiros. Para o experimento de sobrevivência em nectários de ingá, houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos folíolo e NEFs. Os tripes Trybomia sp. sobreviveram mais tempo quando expostos ao nectários extraflorais quando comparados ao folíolo de ingá. Com isso, possivelmente os tripes podem se beneficiar das folhas na escassez de outras fontes de alimentos, como as presas. Plantas com nectários extraflorais como o ingá também podem contribuir para a manutenção da população de Trybomia sp., contribuindo para o controle biológico de H. hampei. Palavras-chave: Broca-do-café. Inimigo natural. Café arábica. Inga edulis.Item Role of green lacewings and ants on coffee berry borer predation(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-07-30) Botti, Jéssica Mayara Coffler; Venzon, Madelaine; Araújo, Gustavo Júnior de; Siqueira, Maria Augusta LimaThe coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei is the most severe pest of the coffee crop in the world. Larvae open galleries inside the endosperm of coffee fruits, causing significant losses in yield and fruits quality. In addition, control of this pest is hampered due to its cryptic habit of living inside the fruits. The reduction the sources of shelter and alternative food for predatory insects that carry out the biological control of CBB is due to the simplification of the landscape associated with conventional coffee crops. Therefore, it is necessary to use measures that aim to decrease these problems caused by the implantation of conventional crops, in order to increase and maintain the CBB natural enemies in these areas. Among these measures, landscape diversification, through strategic diversification with plants that can provide food resources and shelter to natural enemies. In this work, a strategic diversification in coffee crops was implemented, without the use of pesticides, associated with Inga edulis, Varronia currasavica, Senna macranthera and non-crop plants, recognized for favoring the biological control of CBB through the maintenance of predatory ants in the area. During field evaluations, an adult of the Chrysopidae family was found that emerged from a coffee bored berries collected in the diversified coffee crop area. In Chapter I, I confirmed the hypothesis that naked larvae the of Chrysoperla externa are able to enter the galleries and remove CBB eggs and larvae from inside the fruits, proving to be efficient in pest control. In Chapter II, I tested whether the behavior of transporting debris on the back reduces the access to the CBB galleries by trash-carry larvae of Ceraeochrysa cubana in relation to C. externa. The results showed that the first instar larvae of the two species (C. externa and C. cubana) are able to enter the CBB galleries and survive longer in the presence of coffee bored berries than in the presence of healthy berries and without food. However, C. cubana was less efficient in entering the galleries, showing that the trash can limit the predation of CBB inside the fruit. Third instar larvae of C. externa preyed on CBB adults and reduced the capacity of CBB to infest the fruits by 10%, which shows that C. externa can be more efficient in controlling the CBB due to its ease of accessing the galleries. In the Chapter III I evaluated the richness and abundance of predatory ants of CBB, the rate of infestation of CBB and the coffee yield in the diversified system implemented, comparing it to the conventional coffee system. The results showed that strategic diversification increased predator ant richness and abundance, decreased CBB infestation and did not affect coffee yield. Therefore, strategic diversification with I. edulis, V. currasavica, S. macranthera and non-crop plants increases the natural control of CBB by predatory ants and green lacewings, in addition to not reducing coffee yield