Biblioteca do Café
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Item Plants for fitness enhancement of a coffee leaf miner parasitoid(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-12-06) Calderón Arroyo, Carolina; Venzon, Madelaine; Pallini, Angelo; Togni, Pedro HenriqueConservative biological control aims to enhance the pest control through the conservation of natural enemies in the field, one of the strategies used is to introduce or manage plants that provide food for natural enemies. The effect of feeding resources on the fitness of a coffee leaf miner parasitoid Proacrias coffeae was assessed. To evaluate the effect of nectar on P. coffeae survival we used three flowering plants: Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora and Varronia curassavica; and we also tested the extrafloral nectar of a leguminous shrub Senna cernua. The parasitoids increase their survival when feeding on the floral nectar of V. curassavica and on the extrafloral nectar of S. cernua. No significant differences were found in their survival when feeding on B. pilosa and G. parviflora floral nectar. After promising results with the extrafloral nectar of S. cernua in the parasitoids survival, we evaluated its effect on the egg load of P. coffeae. The parasitoids increased their egg load when exposed to the extrafloral nectar and with increasing age. Our results show the potential of V. curassavica and S. cernua for providing nutritional resources to the parasitoid P. coffeae and therefore enhance their fitness by an increment of their survival when they were confine with the resource. In terms of conservative biological control, that means that introducing in the coffee agroecosystem feeding resources for P. coffeae can increase their success as biocontrol agents, not just by enhancing their survival but also their reproductive potential. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Proacrias coffeae. Nectar. Plant provided food.Item Isolates of Aspergillus, Clonostachys and Trichoderma from Africa as potential biocontrol agents against coffee leaf rust(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2022-03-14) Kapeua Ndacnou, Miraine; Barreto, Robert WeingartHemileia vastatrix – the coffee leaf rust (CLR) fungus – is native from Africa and an exotic invasive species in all other areas of the world where coffee is grown. It causes the worst disease of coffee, but in Africa, it is not regarded as the worst pathogen of the crop. Management of CLR has relied on escaping the disease through the highland plantation, using resistant coffee varieties and fungicide applications. There are limitations for each of these strategies and novel approaches for CRL management are necessary. It has been conjectured that natural enemies of H. vastatrix endemic to Africa might have been overlooked and that such antagonists might have the potential for CLR management. Surveys conducted since 2015 in Cameroon, Ethiopia and Kenya, have revealed numerous mycoparasitic fungi attacking CLR in the field as well as endophytic fungi growing inside healthy coffee plants (several of which were, or are being, described as new to science), which might play a bodyguard role, protecting the plants against the disease. Results of previous studies and of the present research seem to confirm this hypothesis. A series of taxonomic and polyphasic studies allowed to identify isolates of Aspergillus and Clonostachys as belonging to Aspergillus flavus, Clonostachys byssicola, C. rhizophaga and C. rosea f. rosea. All the selected endophytic isolates (confirmed here regardless of the genus, to grow as endophytes in coffee), including Trichoderma strains were demonstrated to inhibit the germination of H. vastatrix in vitro. The isolate of A. flavus was shown not to produce aflatoxin. Beforehand applications of a series of isolates, of Clonostachys, Trichoderma and also of A. flavus, on young C. arabica plants (a combination of soil and foliar applications) followed by inoculation with H. vastatrix led to the significant reductions in CLR severity. Two Clonostachys rhizophaga isolates (COAD 2981 and COAD 2982), and one C. rosea isolate (COAD 2984) yielded the best highly significant (p < 0.001) results for reduction of CLR severity among the Clonostachys isolates. Trichoderma guizhouense (COAD 2398), T. virens (COAD 2400) and T. theobromicola (COAD 2406) also produced highly significant (p < 0.001) levels of CLR severity reduction. This is the first study reporting anti-CLR biocontrol potential for African isolates of A.flavus, Clonostachys and Trichoderma. And, they may pave the way towards preventive treatment of coffee plants with ‘bodyguard’ endophytes antagonistic to H. vastatrix as well as their use for control of CLR in the field. A continuation of this work is required to better assess this possibility. Keywords: Classical biocontrol. Coffee rust. Endophytes. Phylogeny. Taxonomy.Item Domácias do cafeeiro beneficiam o ácaro predador Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae)?(Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 2004-06-03) Matos, Cláudia H.C.; Pallini, Angelo; Chaves, Fredson F.; Galbiati, CarlaOs cafeeiros apresentam domácias em suas folhas que abrigam ácaros, inclusive ácaros predadores que podem também fazer uso dessas estruturas. Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito das domácias sobre o predador Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, através da manipulação dessas estruturas em folhas de Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí. Os testes foram realizados em arenas constituídas por folhas de cafeeiro com a face abaxial voltada para cima. Foi avaliada a sobrevivência de I. zuluagai em folhas com domácias fechadas (T1); domácias abertas contendo alimento (T2) e domácias abertas vazias (T3). Foram feitas observações a cada 24h, contabilizando-se o número de adultos vivos, local de oviposição e quantidade de ovos de I. zuluagai / tratamento. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Nas folhas com domácias abertas (T2 e T3) foram encontrados ácaros vivos até o final do experimento, não ocorrendo o mesmo nas folhas com domácias fechadas (T1). No que se refere à oviposição de I. zuluagai, nos tratamentos em que as domácias se encontravam abertas (T2 e T3), o ácaro ovipositou preferencialmente dentro destas estruturas, enquanto nas folhas com domácias fechadas a oviposição foi feita preponderantemente à margem das folhas em contato com o algodão úmido. Os resultados indicam a importância das domácias como fonte de sobrevivência para os ácaros predadores nas plantas, sugerindo uma interação mutualística planta-predador. No café, o mutualismo planta-predador intermediado por domácias poderia ser explorado em estratégias de controle biológico natural, ao se selecionarem espécies de cafeeiro com domácias que favoreçam a presença dos ácaros predadores nas mesmas, protegendo-as contra o ataque de ácaros herbívoros nocivos.Item Diversidade de ácaros (Arachnida: Acari) em Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo, nos municípios de Jeriquara e Garça, Estado de São Paulo(Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA – FAPESP, 2006) Mineiro, Jeferson L. de C.; Sato, Mário E.; Raga, Adalton; Arthur, Valter; Moraes, Gilberto J. de; Sarreta, Fernando de O.; Carrijo, AlexO presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a diversidade de ácaros em cafeeiros da cultivar Mundo Novo em duas importantes regiões produtoras (Jeriquara e Garça) do Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras quinzenais de folhas, ramos e frutos, entre abril de 2001 e junho de 2003, do terço médio de 10 plantas tomadas ao acaso em cada campo. De cada planta foram tomadas 12 folhas (cada uma do terceiro ou quarto par a partir da extremidade distal de um ramo), 12 ramos (25 cm apicais) e 100 frutos. Foram coletados no total 13.052 ácaros nos dois locais estudados, sendo 7.155 em Jeriquara e 5.897 em Garça. De um total de 108 espécies de ácaros coletados de plantas de café neste estudo, 45 espécies foram observadas em ambos os locais estudados, que apresentaram similaridade de 56%. O número de espécies encontradas exclusivamente em Jeriquara (47) foi aproximadamente três vezes superior ao número de espécies observadas somente em Garça (16). Em Jeriquara, a diversidade foi maior tanto na superfície das folhas, quanto nas domácias, ramos e frutos. Nos dois locais estudados, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) e Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor 1919) foram as espécies de fitófagos mais abundantes e freqüentes. Os estigmeídeos e fitoseídeos foram os ácaros predadores mais abundantes e freqüentes em ambos locais. As espécies mais abundantes e freqüentes de predadores foram Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira, 2002, Zetzellia malvinae Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira, 2002, Euseius citrifolius Den mark & Muma, 1970 e Euseius concordis (Chant 1959) em Jeriquara; e Z. malvinae, E. citrifolius e E. concordis em Graça.Item Bactérias endófitas do cafeeiro e a indução de enzimas relacionadas com o controle da ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix)(Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia, 2008) Silva, Harllen S.A.; Terrasan, César R. F.; Tozzi, João P. L.; Melo, Itamar S.; Bettiol, WagnerMudas de cafeeiro foram tratadas com quatro isolados de bactérias endofíticas de cafeeiro, pré-selecionados como agentes de biocontrole da ferrugem, para avaliar os seus efeitos sobre a produção de enzimas da planta relacionadas com a indução de resistência.Item Quantification of damage and yield losses and management of root-knot nematodes in conilon coffee(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2021) Zinger, Fernando Domingo; Zinger, Lilian Katiany Castello Rabello; Moares, Willian Bucker; Camara, Guilherme de Resende; Alves, Fabio RamosCommercial exploitation of the coffee crop is one of the most important activities in the world’s agricultural sector. One of the main phytosanitary problems affecting the crop is the presence of Meloidogyne incognita. Several measures have been tested for the management of this pathogen, albeit with low efficiency. The objective of this work was to quantify the damage and losses and to manage M. incognita race 1 with Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma harzianum biological nematicides, comparing them to a chemical nematicide. The experiment was carried out in a commercial area naturally infested by the nematode and cultivated with the conilon coffee variety ‘Vitória INCAPER 8142’, clone V02. The treatments were tested with Carbofuran nematicide and with biological nematicides composed of P. chlamydosporia Pc-10 and T. harzianum ESALQ 1306. The biological products were applied alone or in combination. The lowest NPF (final nematode population) occurred in plants treated with P. chlamydosporia and Carbofuran. P. chlamydosporia was the most effective biological agent in the management of M. incognita. There was a reduction in production with an increase in the nematode population. The highest application costs of management methods for M. incognita race 1 per hectare were for three and two applications of Carbofuran and three applications of P. chlamydosporia + T. harzianum. The treatments with lowest application costs were one application of T. harzianum and one application of P. chlamydosporia. It was concluded that all treatments were efficient for the management of M. incognita race 1, causing a decrease in the roots and soil population.Item Influence of age and diet on the performance of Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) a parasitoid of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)(Sociedade Brasileira De Entomologia, 2012) Gómez, Jaime; Barrera, Juan F.; Liedo, Pablo; Valle, JavierInfluence of age and diet on the performance of Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) a parasitoid of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). The importance of age and feeding on the performance of Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), a parasitoid of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) was investigated in the laboratory. Groups of female parasitoids were subject to the following treatments: a group fed during one, five and ten days after emergence of adults with coffee borer larvae; another group fed only with honey solution during five days after emergence; and as a control, a third group was kept without food for five days. At the end of each treatment, survivorship, parasitoid activity (walking and flying capacity in an arena), search capacity for finding coffee borer-infested berries, host feeding and oviposition (on immature hosts), were assessed. Unfed females showed a significant decrease in survivorship compared to individuals that were fed. The type of meal (insects or honey) did not significantly influence parasitoid activity, search and oviposition capacities. Females fed with honey solution significantly consumed less immature coffee borers. Younger females (one day old) walked and flew out of the arena significantly faster than older ones (5 and 10 days old). Implications of these results are discussed on the performance of C. stephanoderis as a biological control agent of the coffee berry borer.Item Testes em condições para o controle de Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) em cafeeiro com nematóides entomopatogênicos do gênero Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida, Heterorhabditidae)(Sociedade Brasileira De Entomologia, 2009) Alves, Viviane S.; Moino Junior, Alcides; Santa-Cecilia, Lenira V. C.; Rohde, Cristiane; Silva, Marco Aurélio Tramontin daTests for the control of coffee root mealybug Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) with Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida, Heterorhabditidae). Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have potential for biological pest control and have been successfully used in several countries in soil and cryptic pests control, as for example the coffee root mealybug Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley). Laboratory tests demonstrated that these agents are highly virulent to the insect, but semi-field and field tests are needed to determine their efficiency. Greenhouse tests were made in infested pots with two isolates and two application methods – dead insect bodies and aqueous suspension – in a complete randomized design with five replicates. Field tests were made in randomized plots (six plots) to evaluate six isolates of Heterorhabditis on coffee root for mealybug control. Greenhouse results demonstrate that aqueous suspension was more efficient for the two isolates, with 70% control efficiency for JPM3. In field experiments, treatments with aqueous suspensions of insecticide Actara 250 WG (thiamethoxam), used for comparison, and JPM3 were the only ones statistically different from control, with 81 and 65% control efficiency, respectively.Item Natural distribution of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria in a coffee crop(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016-03-16) Martinez, Angela Yomaira Benavides; Elliot, Simon LukeO cultivo de café manejado agroflorestalmente apresenta potencial e uma grande oportunidade em termos de diversidade de componentes enquanto inimigos naturais quando geridos sob este sistema. Os fungos entomopatógenos que pertecem à ordem Hypocreales são alguns destes inimigos. Dentre eles, o mais conhecido e utilizado como biopesticida tem sido o Beauveria, principalmente para o controle de broca do café Hypothenemus hampei. Recentemente, este fungo revelou seu desempenho em outros papéis na natureza, a exemplo de seu hábito endofílico, no entanto pouco se sabe realmente sobre sua ecologia e como se dá sua ocorrência natural nos cultivos agroflorestais do trópico. Desta forma, avaliou- se a distribuição natural das populações de Beauveria (UFC) antes e depois da colheita de café. Entre maio e setembro de 2015, foram coletadas amostras em diferentes compartimentos (solo, raiz, frutos caídos e frutos da árvore) e o Beauveria foi isolado pelo meio seletivo para entomopatógenos. Determinou-se a ocorrência endofílica e epifílica em diferentes níveis de posição da folha. As populações de Beauveria não apresentaram um padrão de distribuição nos diversos compartimentos, foram encontradas diferenças antes e depois da colheita, além dos niveis distintos das folhas. As populações encontradas na raiz e nos frutos foram abundantes, ademais nenhuma ocorrência endofílica foi descoberta nas folhas, mas de forma epifílica com uma alta frequência nas folhas basais. Assim, os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que o Beauveria estão ocupando vários compartimentos com abundante presença nas regiões da raíz, dos frutos caídos e do solo.Item Phialomyces macrosporus reduces Cercospora coffeicola survival on symptomatic coffee leaves(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Laborde, Marie Caroline Ferreira; Botelho, Deila Magna dos Santos; Rodríguez, Gabriel Alfonso Alvarez; Resende, Mário Lúcio Vilela de; Queiroz, Marisa Vieira de; Batista, Aline Duarte; Cardoso, Patrícia Gomes; Pascholati, Sérgio Florentino; Gusmão, Luis Fernando Pascholati; Martins, Samuel Júlio; Medeiros, Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos deBrown eye spot is among the most important coffee diseases, it is caused by a necrotrophic fungal Cercospora coffeicola. Saprobe fungi have potential in reducing the survival of necrotrophic pathogens and can act through competition of nutrients, mycoparasitism, antibiosis and resistance induction. We have screened saprobe fungi for the ability to reduce C. coffeicola sporulation and viability and determined the possible mechanisms involved in the biocontrol. The selected saprobe fungus, Phialomyces macrosporus, reduced the germination of C. coffeicola conidia by 40%. P. macrosporus produced both volatile and non-volatile compounds that inhibited C. coffeicola growth, sporulation and viability. The production of antimicrobial substances was the main mode of action used by the saprobe fungi. Therefore, P. macrosporus is a promising biological agent for the integrated management of brown eye spot