Biblioteca do Café

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Agronomic practices toward coffee sustainability. A review
(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2023-10-23) Martinez, Herminia Emilia Prieto; Andrade, Sara Adrián López de; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Baptistella, João Leonardo Corte; Mazzafera, Paulo
The coffee sector is estimated to have a retail market value in excess of USD 83 billion, and over 125 million jobs have been created in the global coffee chain. The coffee specialty market has recently increased significantly, generating opportunities to certify coffee beans produced by sustainable practices. This avoids practices potentially harmful to the environment. Agroforestry, organic farming, intercropping, and soil conservation strategies are examples of sustainable alternatives in the production of coffee. In this review, we focus on practices for the sustainable management of coffee plantations that can help farmers fight problems caused by global warming. More specifically, we address soil organic matter and microbiota, the use of Urochloa grass as intercrop in coffee plantations, shading systems (including agroforestry), and organic coffee production. We concluded that from the agronomic viewpoint, we already have production techniques that can replace traditional ones with significant advantages accruing to the quality of coffee orchard ecosystems. Nevertheless, we need scientific research efforts to deal with the existing gaps and the engagement of the whole coffee chain as a means of guaranteeing an adequate profit to those smallholders who adopt and maintain sustainable practice and are capable of bringing several positive changes to the coffee crop, including the use of microbia-based commercial products and new organic sources of nutrients to complement chemical fertilizers and improve coffee quality.
Selenium supply in coffee plants and its effects on chilling and drought stress tolerance
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-07-24) Sousa, Gustavo Ferreira de; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Environmental stress refers to any change in environmental resources needed for optimal plant development, preventing them from reaching their maximum production capacity. The coffee crop is overly sensitive to stress, with low temperatures and drought being the main constraints on its global production. There has been an increase in extreme natural events in Brazilian coffee-growing areas over the past few decades, which raises concerns about coffee production in Brazil. The use of plant nutrition has been proven effective in mitigating the negative effects of these adversities, with selenium (Se) being highlighted as a valuable tool in combating such adverse conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that Se supply leads to a more effective antioxidant system, improved water relations, and modulated carbohydrate production and breakdown in plants. However, the impact of Se application on the coffee crop has not been thoroughly addressed in the literature. The objective of this thesis was to explore whether foliar application of Se to coffee plants under low temperatures and drought stress can alleviate the negative effects and contribute to more efficient plant nutrition strategies under such challenging conditions. The first trial evaluated the plant responses of two coffee species (Coffea arabica cv. Arara and Coffea canephora clone 31) to low temperatures (10°C day/4°C night) and during the rewarming period temperatures (25°C day/20°C night). Notable variations in plant responses were observed among species, with Coffea canephora being more sensitive to low temperatures. Plant responses were more pronounced during the rewarming period. Selenium application increased carbohydrate and proline contents in the leaves after stress, enhancing the plant’s ability to overcome the stress. In the second trial, the optimal timing for Se application in Coffea arabica cv. Catuai plants under osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 was assessed. The results showed that pre-application of foliar Se promoted higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and improved water relations in the leaves compared to the control. However, Se application after the osmotic stress appeared to induce additional stress in the plants, resulting in a reduction of leaf water potential. Overall, Se application stimulated metabolic responses to tackle abiotic stress in coffee plants, and the findings of this thesis may provide support for nutritional management techniques to mitigate the negative effects of stresses on coffee trees.
The impact of climatic variability and climate change on Arabic Coffee crop in Brazil
(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2010-01) Camargo, Marcelo Bento Paes de
The climatic variability is the main factor responsible for the oscillations and frustrations of the coffee grain yield in Brazil. The relationships between the climatic parameters and the agricultural production are quite complex, because environmental factors affect the growth and the development of the plants under different forms during the growth stages of the coffee crop. Agrometeorological models related to the growth, development and productivity can supply information for the soil water monitoring and yield forecast, based on the water stress. A soil water balance during different growth stages of the coffee crop, can quantify the effect of the available soil water on the decrease of the final yield. Other climatic factors can reduce the productivity, such as adverse air temperatures happened during different growth stages. Solar radiation and relative humidity influence many physiological processes of the coffee tree but are not generally thought to play an important role as thermal and rainfall conditions in defining potential yield or ecological limitations for this crop. According to the last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the global temperature is supposed to increase 1.1ºC to 6.4ºC and the rainfall 15% in the tropical areas of Brazil. Some Global warming projections as presented by IPCC will cause a strong decrease in the coffee production in Brazil. According to the literature besides the reduction of suitable areas for coffee production, the crop will tend to move South and uphill regions. This review article analyze the effect that these possible scenarios would have in the agro-climatic coffee zoning in Brazil, and adaptive solutions, such as agronomic mitigations and development of cultivars adapted to high temperatures is considered.

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