Biblioteca do Café
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1
Navegar
14 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item In vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy for characterization of gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2021-11-20) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Lopes, Tatiane Almeida; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Espindula, Marcelo CuritibaThe objectives of this study were to optimize in vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy procedures to characterize the gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora genotypes. For that purpose, 115 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 30 parent plants of the Conilon (17) and Robusta (13) botanical varieties. Tester plants of compatibility groups I, II, and III were used as pollen grain donors. On the day of anthesis, pollen grains of the donor genotypes were transferred in vitro to one of the sides of the bifid stigma of each receptor flower. After 30 hours, the development of the pollen tubes was evaluated in fluorescence microscopy. Eleven genotypes (37%) were classified in compatibility Group I, thirteen (43%) in Group II, and six (20%) in Group III. In vitro pollination allowed reduction in the time necessary to diagnose compatibility, without exhibiting contamination caused by the presence of pollen grains of non-donor plants.Item Factor analysis for plant and production variables in Coffea canephorain the Western Amazon(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Silva, Gabi Nunes; Barroso, Laís Mayara Azevedo; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio MedeirosThe evaluation of morphological characters related to the hulled coffee yield subsidizes the selection of Coffea canephora plants that combine a set of favorable traits. However, the greater the number of traits considered, the more difficult the selection process becomes. In this context, multivariate analyzes can be useful to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to identify, in a set of agronomic traits of Coffea canephora, the determining factors of biological phenomena and use these factors to recognize patterns of diversity and similarity from biological complexes of interest to the breeder. To this, eleven morphological descriptors were evaluated of 130 clones of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and intervarietal hybrids over two crop years in the experimental field of Embrapa, in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, state of Rondônia (RO). To group the traits, the multivariate technique of Factor Analysis was used. The effect of genotype x year interaction was significant for the eleven traits analyzed. Based on the scree plot, three factors were established. Factors were interpreted as architecture, vigor and grains with a satisfactory percentage of explained variability. The inter-pretation of the factors highlighted the importance of the Conilon variety to improve the architecture of the Robusta botanical variety. These results show that it is possible to use factor scores to identify varieties and traits that favor higher production of hulled coffee.Item Classification of Coffea canephora clones in botanical varieties by discriminant analysis of the k-nearest neighbors(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-11-08) Souza, Marciléia Santos; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes; Oliveira, Leilane Nicolino LamarãoA strategy for genetic improvement of coffee Coffea canephora plants is to aggregate through artificial crossings the characteristics of the Conilon botanical variety, such as shorter height and drought resistance, with the higher average grain size and resistance to pests and diseases of the Robusta variety. Efficiently separating the clones into these two groups with the aid of appropriate analytical procedures makes field tasks easier for professionals and, thus, allows the systematic production of intervarietal hybrids. This study verifies if the non-parametric discriminant analyzes of the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and k-average neighbors (k-AN) would be able to correctly classify 130 coffee clones in their botanical varieties previously designated as Conilon, Robusta and Intervarietal Hybrids populations from ten quantitative agronomic characteristics, including the processed coffee beans yield, considering the existing population genetic divergence. These characteristics were found to be good discriminatory variables and the discriminant analyzes k-NN and k-AN, based on the principle of similarity by neighborhood, classified the clones with high hit rates. The k-AN discriminant analysis was able to better discriminate intervarietal hybrids from the group clones Conilon. The results correctly reflected the genetic diversity between the botanical varieties and intervarietal hybrids of Coffea canephora, allowing us to conclude that these classification methods can assist breeders in the main task of discriminating Conilon from Robusta clones.Item Post-harvest processing of coffee: an overview(Editora UFLA, 2021) Das, SuryatapaCoffee is known as one of the most popular beverages around the world. Coffee belongs to the botanical family Rubiaceae and genus coffea. The two most economically important species are C. arabica (arabica coffee) and C. canephora (robusta coffee).The health benefits of coffee are due to presence of many biologically active components such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, nicotinic acid, quinolinic acid, trigonelline, tannic acid, and pyrogolic acid. The postharvest processing of coffee cherry involves dry or wet processing, grading, sorting, marketing, blending, and roasting. A series of physical and chemical changes occur during coffee roasting that are responsible for the development of pleasant aroma and flavour of coffee.Item Discrimination of commercial roasted and ground coffees according to chemical composition(Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2012) Souza, Romilaine M. N. de; Benassi, Marta T.Roasted and ground 38 commercial coffees and coffees of known species (arabica, robusta) were characterized by principal component analysis using as variables nicotinic acid, trigonelline, 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), caffeine, kahweol and cafestol, which are potentially indicative of species. The objective of the study was to assess the relevance of such parameters in coffee discrimination. Nicotinic acid allowed the characterization of roasting degree. Trigonelline and 5-CQA presented variability among arabica and robusta coffees as well as among comercial ones. Thermostable parameters (caffeine, kahweol and cafestol) had high discriminative potential between the species. In general, high levels of caffeine and low levels of diterpenes (kahweol and cafestol) were related with higher proportions of robusta in the products, which were observed by the decreasing kahweol/cafestol ratio and increasing caffeine/kahweol ratio. The use of these new parameters (kahweol/cafestol and caffeine/kahweol ratios) was suggested as tools for assessing the addition of robusta in commercial coffees.Item Coffea canephora breeding: estimated and achieved gains from selection in the Western Amazon, Brazil(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2021) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, Andre Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Lunz, Aureny Maria Pereira; Souza, Flavio de FrançaGain from selection is an important criterion in quantifying the efficiency of breeding programs. This study quantified the selection gain estimated under experimental conditions and realized gain achieved in the field, seeking to interpret the efficiency of the Coffea canephora selection. For that purpose, we considered experiments that began in 2004 with directed hybridizations to obtain new hybrid progenies. From a breeding population composed of 288 hybrid individuals, 12 genotypes were selected in experimental conditions from 2005 to 2012, with amplitude in the estimated gains from 127.70 to−19.19%. Those genotypes were evaluated from 2012 to 2018 in clonal tests in four environments of the Western Amazon. The environment that exhibited the greatest correlation between the predicted genetic values and the realized genetic gain observed in the field was the environment of Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO (0.67), the location in which the plants were selected, followed by the environments of Alta FlorestaD´Oeste, RO (0.44), Rio Branco, AC (0.43), and Porto Velho, RO (0.37). Experimental conditions showed that the effect due to dominance deviations was approximately three times greater than the additive effect. Nine clones exhibited higher genetic gains in the experimental conditions and at field, and two clones exhibited lower estimated gains and lower field performance.The clone G17-P7 exhibited high genetic gain under experimental conditions and low field performance. The selection in experimental conditions was positively correlated with plant performance in the field (r=0.55), which allows reduction of the original breeding population to a set of more promising clones to be grown in multiple environments, optimizing time and resources.Item Beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in the western Amazon, Brazil(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2021) Morais, Johnnescley Anes de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Souza, Carolina Augusto deThis study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production.Item Caracterização da autoincompatibilidade gametofítica de acessos de banco ativo de germoplasma de Coffea canephora(Embrapa Café, 2019-10) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Vieira Júnior, José Roberto; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, André Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosO Coffea canephora é uma espécie alógama que apresenta autoincompatibilidade gametofítica (AIG), de expressão governada por um único gene multialélico, identificado pela letra S. Na cafeicultura clonal o plantio de clones não compatíveis pode reduzir a produtividade e a qualidade dos grãos devido a menor eficiência da polinização e aumento na taxa de grãos do tipo moca. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar a autoincompatibilidade de acessos do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa quantificando a diversidade alélica e genotípica de uma população de melhoramento, fornecendo subsídios para manipulação dessa característica no desenvolvimento de novas variedades. Para isso foram realizadas hibridações in vitro entre 28 genótipos de um campo de hibridação contendo 80 matrizes das variedades botânicas Conilon e Robusta. Os procedimentos de hibridação in vitro se iniciaram um dia antes da antese, com a proteção dos ramos doadores utilizando sacos de papel do tipo kraft de 55x25cm e transferência dos estigmas das plantas receptora para meio de cultura (sacarose 10%). Os genótipos doadores de grãos de pólen BRS 1216, BRS 2299 e BRS 3193 foram utilizados como plantas testadoras dos grupos de compatibilidade I, II e III respectivamente. A polinização in vitro foi realizada no dia da antese com a raspagem dos grãos de pólen que é colocado em contato com apenas um dos dois estigmas de cada pistilo bífido. A compatibilidade das hibridações foi avaliada utilizando coloração com azul de anilina a 1% para visualização do desenvolvimento dos tubos polínicos utilizando microscopia de fluorescência. A eficiência de polinização foi estimada pela relação entre o número de estigmas fertilizados e o número total de estigmas polinizados. A utilização de plantas testadoras dos grupos de compatibilidade permitiu reduzir o número de hibridações necessárias para caracterizar os genótipos das plantas. A polinização in vitro resultou em uma taxa média de pegamento de 60,3% com amplitude de 11 a 85% de pegamento nas hibridações compatíveis. Entre os 28 clones caracterizados 17 genótipos (61%) foram incompatíveis com a planta testadora do grupo I, 5 clones (18%) apresentaram incompatibilidade com a planta testadora do grupo II e 6 clones (21%) foram incompatíveis com o testador do grupo III. Os resultados parciais da caracterização dessa população de melhoramento indicam a distribuição dos genótipos em três grupos de compatibilidade com as frequências dos alelos S 1 , S 2 e S 3 , estimadas em 0,39, 0,41 e 0,20 respectivamente. Apesar da diferença observada entre as frequências alélicas, as frequências genotípicas não diferem das proporções esperadas para uma população em Equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg (EHW), com 1% de probabilidade. A caracterização do genótipo do gene S é importante, impactando na eficiência de polinização desse cultivo, com o favorecimento natural de cruzamentos compatíveis.Item Yield of Coffea arabica grafted onto Coffea canephora in soils infested with nematodes in Mexico(Editora UFLA, 2019-07) López-García, Francisco Javier; Cruz-Castillo, Juan GuillermoThe total of three consecutive years of fruit production was evaluated in six coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica L.) propagated by seed and grafted onto Robusta (Coffea canephora var. Robusta). The plantations were established at 640 m, 920 m, and 1340 m altitude in the central region of the Veracruz State, Mexico. The coffea plants were established in soils naturally infested with nematodes. Grafted plants had higher production than those propagated by seed. Fruit production was higher at 640 m and 920 m than at 1340 m for the two types of propagation. The cultivars Colombia Brote Café and Colombia Brote Verde had the highest fruit yield regardless of the propagation methods; in contrast, Pacamara, had the lowest. The grafted coffee plants that were planted at 1340 m had a yield reduction of 27% in comparison with those at 640 and 920 m. When the Costa Rica 95 variety was grafted, it achieved fruit yield similar to Colombia Brote Verde and Colombia Brote Café. Pacamara produced almost 28% more fruit when it was grafted onto Robusta.Item Characterization of beverage quality in Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner(Editora UFLA, 2018-04) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Dalazen, Janderson Rodrigues; Fonseca, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida daDifferentiation of coffee according to its quality can result in added value. Both the coffee genotype and the environment influence beverage quality. The main species grown in the Amazon region is C. canephora, which includes two distinct botanical varieties: Conilon and Robusta. The aim of this study was to characterize beverage quality in C. canephora and distinguish the Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties and intervarietal hybrids. We evaluated the beverage quality of 130 superior clones from samples of hulled coffee collected in the experimental field of Embrapa Rondônia in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO, Brazil. The beverage was classified according to the Robusta Cupping Protocols, which also considers the nuances of the beverage, described as neutral, fruit-like, exotic, refined, and mild. The final mean values classified the Robusta botanical variety and the intervarietal hybrids as coffees with a premium beverage, and the Conilon botanical variety as usual good quality. The nuances of the Conilon botanical variety were found to be predominantly neutral (78%), as compared to the Robusta botanical variety and the intervarietal hybrids, which exhibited 50% and 44% of their beverages, respectively, with fruit-like, exotic, or mild nuances. The genetic parameters indicate that the genetic component was more important than the environmental in expression of coffee quality attributes. Genetic variability was observed in the population evaluated, except for the Uniform Cup and Clean Cup beverage attributes.