Biblioteca do Café
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Item Características comerciais de mudas de café produzidas com diferentes fontes de fósforo e bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2023-03-30) Ferraro, A. C.; França, A. C.; Machado, C. M. M.; Aguiar, F. R.; Oliveira, L. L.; Braga Neto, A. M.; Oliveira, R. G.Considered the economic engine of many countries, the coffee culture represents an important component of the agricultural chain in Brazil. The growing values of commercialization, planting areas, and crop productivity require the acquisition of quality seedlings, which must receive adequate nutritional support through efficient fertilizers. Slow and controlled-release fertilizers, such as organominerals, gain prominence when it comes to increasing efficiency in the use of phosphorus, as well as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with phosphate solubilizing characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of mineral and organomineral fertilizers, inoculated and non-inoculated with PGPB on the quality parameters of coffee seedlings. In general, the P sources used in the experiment positively interfered with the development of coffee seedlings. This proves that there is a need for nutritional supplementation for the good development of the seedlings. Among the sources used, the organomineral in granulated form showed better performance in coffee seedlings' growth and physiological parameters, proving to be a viable alternative to commonly used fertilizers. The addition of PGPB showed a significant advantage for seedling quality variables.Item Grain yield of coffee plants fertilized with different doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation under rainfed conditions(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2021-07-12) Torres, Josemar Dávila; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento De; Marcolan, Alaerto Luiz; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosLittle is known about the management of high-yield clonal Coffea canephora in the Amazonian Region, mainly for nutritional aspects and cultivation system efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on coffee grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency of C. canephora trees. An experiment was performed at an experimental field of the Embrapa Rondônia in Porto Velho (RO), Brazil. It was carried out in a split-plot scheme with six doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation (0; 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 kg ha-1) and three years of evaluation (2014, 2015, and 2016). An interaction between fertilizer dose and crop year was observed. Fertilizer doses showed an exponential behavior, with maximum yields of 51, 114, and 79 bags ha-1 at 3,000 kg ha-1 in the crop years of 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Such a behavior impacted average and accumulated yields in the three harvest seasons. As for crop year effect within each fertilizer dose, the highest yield was reached in the second harvest after pruning for renewal of orthotropic stems. Moreover, fertilizer use efficiency by plants decreased exponentially, with the highest value at the lowest dose. Increasing doses of 20-00-20 formulation promoted an exponential increase in grain yield but decreased its use efficiency by C. canephora plants. This management also stimulated a strong biannual production.Item Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation for coffee seedling production with commercial and conventional substrates(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2023-05-22) Silveira, Adriana Parada Dias; Tristão, Fabrício Sales Massafera; Fernandes, Ana Olívia; Andrade, Sara Adrian Lopez; Cipriano, Mateus Aparecido PereiraCoffee seedlings are commonly produced on substrate composed of a mixture of soil and cattle manure, supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Alternatives to reduce production costs and produce seedlings of greater quality and health include the use of commercial organic substrates, which require less handling. The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be considered a good alternative for production of more vigorous coffee seedlings. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of AMF isolates on coffee seedlings development in a commercial organic substrate (based on coconut fiber) and conventional substrate (mixture composed of soil and cattle manure compost). Ten AMF were tested: Rhizophagus irregularis, Glomus macrocarpum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, Glomus spp., Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Acaulospora spp., and Dentiscutata heterogamma. Plant growth, shoot P content, mycorrhizal colonization, extraradical mycelium length, phosphatase activity, and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. The effects of mycorrhization depended on both the inoculated fungal species and the substrate for seedling cultivation. Inoculation of G. margarita, Acaulospora spp., and Glomus spp. in the conventional substrate conferred the best growth plant responses, increasing shoot biomass by 160 to 320%. In the commercial substrate, the most efficient AMF were R. clarus, Glomus spp, A. morrowiae and A. scrobiculata, with up to 149% of shoot biomass increase. The commercial organic substrate and the inoculation of some of the AMF isolates were highly beneficial to coffee seedlings development and can replace the use of the conventional substrate. These results open new opportunities for the use of AMF as an inoculant to improve coffee seedling production in commercial organic substrates.Item Multiple-trait model by Bayesian inference applied to environment efficient Coffea arabica with low-nitrogen nutrient(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2023-04-14) Silva Júnior, Antônio Carlos da; Moura, Waldênia de Melo; Torres, Lívia Gomes; Santos, Iara Gonçalves dos; Silva, Michele Jorge da; Azevedo, Camila Ferreira; Cruz, Cosme DamiãoIdentifying Coffea arabica cultivars that are more efficient in the use of nitrogen is an important strategy and a necessity in the context of environmental and economic impacts attributed to excessive nitrogen fertilization. Although Coffea arabica breeding data have a multi-trait structure, they are often analyzed under a single trait structure. Thus, the objectives of this study were to use a Bayesian multitrait model, to estimate heritability in the broad sense, and to select arabica coffee cultivars with better genetic potential (desirable agronomic traits) in nitrogen-restricted cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 20 arabica coffee cultivars grown in a nutrient solution with low-nitrogen content (1.5 mM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks with three replications. Six agromorphological traits of the arabica coffee breeding program and five nutritional efficiency indices were used. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was used to estimate genetic parameters and genetic values. The agromorphological traits were considered highly heritable, with a credibility interval (95% probability): H2 = 0.9538 – 5.89E-01. The Bayesian multitrait model presents an adequate strategy for the genetic improvement of arabica coffee grown in low-nitrogen concentrations. Coffee arabica cultivars Icatu Precoce 3282, Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15, Caturra Vermelho and Obatã IAC 1669/20 demonstrated greater potential for cultivation in low-nitrogen concentration.Item Nitrogen metabolism in coffee plants subjected to water deficit and nitrate doses(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2023-03-24) Rocha, Brunno César Pereira; Martinez, Hermínia Emília Prieto; Ribeiro, Cléberson; Brito, Danielle SantosNitrogen uptake is essential for coffee growth and development, resulting in important effects on the biomass and final crop yield. Thus, like most nutrients, nitrogen is absorbed by the roots using water as a mean of transport, so that water stress and nitrogen can directly and indirectly affect various physiological processes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the nitrogen metabolism in young plants of four varieties of coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) submitted to water deficit (WD) and nitrogen supply. We have done a triple factorial (2 x 4 x 4) experiment entirely randomized. The plots received combinations of high or low N doses (7mmol/L and 2.8 mmol/L NO3 -), four water potentials (0; -0.4; -0.8; and -1.6 Mpa), and four varieties (Mundo Novo IAC379-19, Acauã F6 of IBC - PR 82010, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44, and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62). One hundred and forty days after the I of the experiment (140 days after the beginning of N stress and 82 days after the beginning of WD stress) the activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), concentration of nitrate, free proline, amino acids (TAA), and total proteins were determined in samples of leaf and root tissues. There were differences between varieties independently of WD and N dose for leaf NR, being ‘Acauã’ the cultivar that presented the highest and ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ the lowest value to this trait. The WD promoted an increase on the proline concentration in the roots. With low N dose, the activity of GS presented linear increases in response to WD. It was concluded that in young coffee plants under WD, proline can be involved in the osmotic adjustment, having its synthesis in the roots increased. Under WD, plants with good nitrogen nutrition presented larger leaf concentration of soluble amino acids and total soluble proteins. The varieties studied do not present differentiated responses to WD.Item Lógica fuzzy na avaliação da fertilidade do solo e produtividade do café conilon(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2010) Silva, Samuel de Assis; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; Souza, Gustavo Soares de; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; Xavier, Alexandre CândidoO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, utilizando a geoestatística e o sistema de classificação fuzzy, a fertilidade de uma área experimental com base em atributos químicos do solo e sua relação com a produtividade do café conilon. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental do INCAPER-ES. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na profundidade de 0 - 0,2 m, sendo analisados os atributos: fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, alumínio, soma de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica a pH 7 e saturação por bases. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise descritiva, exploratória e à analise geoestatística. Utilizou-se um sistema de classificação fuzzy utilizando os atributos descritos para inferir sobre a fertilidade do solo e sua relação com a produtividade da cultura. A possibilidade de fertilidade apresentou relação espacial positiva com a produtividade da cultura, com valores mais elevados desta onde a possibilidade de solo fértil é superior.Item Chemical attributes of an Oxisol with the addition of conilon coffee straw biochar(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2023) Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Mosa, Lázaro LongueThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing rates of biochar produced with coffee straw, at two pyrolysis temperatures, on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and on the nutrient content of coffee tree leaves. Treatments consisted of pyrolysis at two temperatures (350 and 600 °C) and of five biochar rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: pH in water; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents; effective and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC); sum of bases (SB); base (V) and aluminium (m) saturation; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the leaves. The biochar produced at 600°C, at rates of 10 and 15 Mg ha-1, promoted a greater K release into the soil. Regardless of temperature, coffee straw biochar increased K and P availability, sum of bases, base saturation, and CEC in the soil, but did not influence macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. The addition of increasing rates of coffee straw biochar in the soil increases P, K, Mg, SB, CEC, and V, regardless of pyrolysis temperature.Item Cafezais manejados sob os princípios da agricultura natural: aporte de nutrientes, formação e composição da matéria orgânica do solo(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-12-21) Figueiredo, Naiara Oliveira; Soares, Emanuelle Mercês Barros; Teixeira, Rafael da Silva; Cardoso, Irene MariaA matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) desempenha relevante papel, em âmbito global por representar uma importante fonte armazenadora de C, e localmente em razão dos atributos do solo por ela influenciados. Sistemas conduzidos sob manejo agroecológico preconizam a conservação do solo, a manutenção da diversidade vegetal e biológica das áreas, contribuindo para estabilidade da MOS. Nesse contexto, a quantidade e composição bioquímica dos resíduos vegetais depositados na área desempenham um papel crucial nas transformações da MOS e suas frações. Desse modo, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o manejo da propriedade, a influência da aplicação de diferentes resíduos vegetais no aporte de nutrientes e na formação e composição da matéria orgânica do solo durante a transição agroecológica. Portanto, no capítulo 1 foi realizada a sistematização acerca do processo de transição agroecológica da propriedade. No capítulo 2, foi avaliado a composição bioquímica, dinâmica da decomposição e mineralização de nutrientes a partir de resíduos utilizados como fonte de adubação na propriedade. Para estudar a contribuição destes resíduos na composição molecular da MOS foi realizado a termoquimólise de amostras dos solos, de áreas de café em diferentes épocas de transição para o manejo sob os princípios da agricultura natural, apresentado no capítulo 3. Essas áreas de café estão localizadas no Sitio Pedra Redonda em Araponga-MG. O sítio possui 12 hectares distribuídos em nove talhões que são consorciados com árvores nativas, frutíferas e espécies anuais para consumo familiar e geração de renda. A sistematização foi realizada a partir de visitas e caminhadas transversais, além do uso da matriz de sistematização para compilar dados coletados e dados secundários. Para avaliar a dinâmica de decomposição dos resíduos vegetais, um experimento foi montado em condições controladas pelo período de seis meses. Análises foram realizados ao longo do tempo para verificar a quantidade liberada de nutrientes, a taxa de decomposição e contribuição para as frações da matéria orgânica do solo. A caraterização da MOS foi feita por fracionamento físico, determinando-se as fracções MOP e MOAM. A partir destas, foi feita a determinação dos teores de C, N, razão C/N e DSC. Para caracterizar bioquimicamente a MOS presente nessas frações e na vegetação, foi realizada análise de termoquimólise com identificação dos compostos por GC/MS com objetivo de analisar se há correlação entre a composição desses vegetais e a composição bioquímica da MOS. Em vinte anos de transição o agricultor alcançou um nível considerado de sucesso no processo de conservação de agroecossistemas, pois trabalha potencializando os processos ecológicos, não dependendo em nenhum momento de insumos externos e principalmente a partir da mão de obra familiar. A análise revelou uma maior liberação de nutrientes em solos de 0-20cm, influenciada pelo tempo de incubação e composição dos resíduos. Variações na saturação de carbono afetaram apenas a liberação de nitrogênio. Amendoim forrageiro e bananeira contribuíram significativamente para a mineralização de N, P, K e Ca, enquanto o tambu se destacou para Mg. A serapilheira mostrou menor mineralização, indicando possível imobilização de nutrientes. Solos sem resíduos apresentaram redução nos teores de C-MOP, C-MOAM e N-MOP. Nas áreas de Agricultura Natural com maior tempo de manejo (9 e 5 anos), os teores de C-MOP, C-MOAM, N-MOP e N-MOAM na entrelinha assemelham-se à vegetação natural. A entrelinha é comumente usada para manejo de resíduos, exceto no talhão Araras (1 ano), onde são aplicados diretamente na linha. Essa diferença reflete-se na composição molecular da matéria orgânica, indicando que os compostos nas áreas mais cultivadas se aproximam mais da vegetação natural. Palavras-chave: Agroecologia. Ciclagem de nutrientes. Decomposição. Manejo de resíduos. TMAH-GC-MS.Item Performance of a variable-rate distribution system for simultaneous fertilizer application(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2016) Barros, Murilo M. de; Volpato, Carlos E. S.; Silva, Fabio M. da; Conceição, Fagner G. da; Corrêa Júnior, Delorme; Ribeiro, Luiz F.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a variable-rate fertilizer distribution system for coffee crop, simultaneously applying two products. Two types of tests were performed: transversal deposition and longitudinal deposition. The transversal deposition test, with tarps, aimed to quantify the variations between programmed and applied doses, using a completely randomized design (CRD), in a factorial scheme, and the Scott-Knott test at p < 0.05. The longitudinal deposition test aimed to determine the distribution characteristics of the equipment along the displacement line, based on relative frequency values. In addition, the application rates on both sides of the distribution system were analysed using a CRD and the Scott-Knott test at p < 0.05. The application variation in the transversal deposition test with tarps was 1.59%. The variable-rate distribution system remained stable regarding the longitudinal deposition, regardless of any interaction.Item Chemical attributes of an Oxisol with the addition of conilon coffee straw biochar(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2023-05-19) Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Mosa, Lázaro LongueThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing rates of biochar produced with coffee straw, at two pyrolysis temperatures, on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and on the nutrient content of coffee tree leaves. Treatments consisted of pyrolysis at two temperatures (350 and 600°C) and of five biochar rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: pH in water; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents; effective and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC); sum of bases (SB); base (V) and aluminium (m) saturation; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the leaves. The biochar produced at 600°C, at rates of 10 and 15 Mg ha-1, promoted a greater K release into the soil. Regardless of temperature, coffee straw biochar increased K and P availability, sum of bases, base saturation, and CEC in the soil, but did not influence macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. The addition of increasing rates of coffee straw biochar in the soil increases P, K, Mg, SB, CEC, and V, regardless of pyrolysis temperature.