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Item Factors influencing GAP implementation on Robusta Coffee Farms in the Mountains of Indonesia(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2024-08-05) Amrulloh, Atho’; Hani, Evita Soliha; Hariyati, Yuli; Soetriono; Harsono, Soni SisbudiRobusta coffee is one of the plantation commodities that popular at home and abroad also as the biggest coffee product from Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the assessment of the level and influence factors of GAP implementation on coffee farmers in the Raung Argopuro Mountains region of Indonesia. The research was carried out in Bondowoso and Jember districts as one of the largest coffee producing centers in East Java with the coffee planting area located in the production forest area owned by Perhutani. The research data uses primary data from the results of assessing the level of GAP implementation among coffee farmer group members using an assessment model that refers to the 2014 RI Minister of Agriculture Regulation through actual assessments and in-depth interviews regarding implementation in the field. The method for determining and collecting data samples was carried out deliberately based on a multi-cluster random sampling model on members of a farmer group of 300 Robusta coffee farmers, divided into 150 coffee farmers in Bondowoso district and 150 coffee farmers in Jember district. Descriptive data analysis was used to see the level of GAP implementation by coffee farmers and logit model regression analysis was used to see the factors that influence the level of GAP implementation by coffee farmers in the research area. The research results show that the level of GAP implementation is divided into high and low implementation. The variables age, number of family members, land area and price variables are variables that have a positive and significant impact.Item Exploratory evaluation of dry fermentation of specialty coffee from Nariño-Colombia, -using wet and honey-like methods(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2024-04-30) Guevara, Cindy Estefanía Córdoba; España, Mayerlyn Nathaly Ortega; Solarte, Fernanda Elizabeth Cabrera; Chaves, Erick Fernando Collazos; Troya, Arsenio Hidalgo; Bucheli, Andrés Darío Pantoja; Gutiérrez, Nelson Humberto Hurtado; Romo, Dolly Margot ReveloThe aim of this investigation was to compare the quality of coffee produced by dry fermentation using wet and honey-type methods in three farms located in southwestern Colombia through an ex post facto study. Specialty coffee was produced and studied according to a post-harvest protocol that utilized traditional practices. The study revealed that the quality of coffee is primarily affected by postharvest processing (57.6%) and the coffee farm (37.9%). The honey-like processing method employed on La Mina farm obtained the highest overall quality score, as determined by the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA). The variation in the cup quality occurred due to the variation in the different attributes. The overall impression, fragrance/aroma, body, and flavor were the primary contributors to the total score quality variance (34.9%), whereas acidity, aftertaste, and balance accounted for 26.1% of the total variance. Regarding the environmental, physicochemical, and microbiological parameters, the principal component analysis showed that the bottom temperature (BT), surface temperature (ST), middle temperature (MT), aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), and °Bx accounted for 29.5% of the variance. Also, yeast, pH, LAB, and AAB accounted for 27.3% of the total variance. The highest correlation with the final cupping score was recorded for MT, ST, environmental temperature (ET), BT, Enterobacteria, and relative humidity (RH). Pre-fermentation was found to increase the microbial count, and longer dry fermentation durations of depulped coffee promoted the growth of beneficial microbial populations. The process revealed interesting relationships between temperature-AMB and degrees Brix (°Bx), and between yeast-lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB).Item Comparação entre derriça manual e mecânica de frutos e cafeeiro(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006-01) Souza, Cristiano Márcio Alves de; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Rafull, Leidy Zulys Leyva; Cecon, Paulo RobertoEste trabalho compara a derriça manual e a derriça feita com derriçadora portátil durante a colheita de frutos de cafeeiros. Os testes foram realizados em plantas da variedade Catucaí em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (4, 6 e 10 anos). Para realizar a comparação, foram determinados parâmetros como a capacidade e a eficiência de derriça, o índice de desfolha e o número de galhos quebrados. A capacidade da derriça mecânica foi maior que a da manual. A eficiência de derriça não foi influenciada pelo seu tipo, independentemente da idade das plantas. A derriça manual proporcionou maior índice de desfolha e maior número de galhos quebrados que a derriça mecânica.Item Sensory and chemical analyses of spontaneously fermented coffees(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-08) Borém, Flávio Meira; Alves, Ana Paula de Carvalho; Santos, Cláudia Mendes dos; Haeberlin, Luana; Salvio, Luís Gustavo AmaralCoffee fermentation has emerged as an innovative post-harvest process in recent years. The effectiveness of this process is in conferring sensory notes to the coffee that would please the consumer and allow for the positive differentiation of the coffees. This is achieved by monitoring the different parameters of the procedure of coffee fermentation. In this regard, the present study aimed to conduct a natural fermentation of the coffee fruit for up to 96 hours followed by the sensory (sensory characteristics for aroma, flavor, acidity, body and overall score of the 0 to 100) and chemical analyses (bioactive compounds, volatiles, organics, and fatty acids) to evaluate the influence of fermentation on sensory quality and on chemical compounds. The coffee (Coffeea arabica L.) samples for the study were collected from Presidente Olegário – MG (Harvest 2018/19) in the cerrado of Minas Gerais. The effects of fermentation and fermentation duration on the sensory quality and chemistry of coffee were evaluated. It was observed that after 48 h of fermentation, significant sensorial differentiation occurs, including an increase of the approximately two points in the final grade. In addition, time was revealed as the most relevant factor in the chemical analyses for the categorization of samples into different groups. Accordingly, it was concluded since coffees with subjected to 48, 72, and 96 h of fermentation got higher final grades, higher levels of palmitic fatty acid and characteristic compounds of fermented coffees (1,3-dioxolane 2,4,5-trimethyl, 2-furan methanol acetate, and butanoic acid) checking out the coffees wine-like notes and sweet notes to the beverage.Item Impact of Slow Drying in a Cold Room on Coffee Sensory, Chemical, and Physical Properties(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2024-04-26) Jordan, Rodrigo A.; Oliveira, Fabrício C. de; Argandoña, Eliana J. S.; Motomiya, Anamari V. A.; Santos, Rodrigo C.This study aimed to evaluate the duplicity and synergism of slow drying and storage processes at low temperatures, using a refrigerated room under suitable conditions for coffee fruit just after harvest. A cold room was prepared to receive and store coffee fruit in bulk directly from the field, perform slow drying, and maintain water content at approximately 12% during three months of storage. The room operated at temperatures between 7 and 14 ºC and relative humidity between 37 and 41%. The coffee variety used was the Conilon Yellow 62. The initial water content reduction period from 54% (wb) to 12% (wb) was two months. For comparison, coffee harvested from the same batch was dried on a covered suspended bed. Results showed that the coffee dried and stored in the cold room received a sensory score of 86.41, while that dried on a suspended bed obtained a sensory score of 84.16. Moreover, the coffee dried and stored in the cold room had a higher energy content. Colorimetric analysis showed that the dried grains stored in the cold room had a reduction in the "a" coordinate, indicating an approximation to the green color. The cold room also allowed for extended storage of the coffee grains.Item Influence of hulling and storage conditions on maintaining coffee quality(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2023-12-11) Abreu, Giselle F.; Rosa, Sttela D.V.F.; Coelho, Stefânia V.B.; Pereira, Cristiane C.; Malta, Marcelo R.; Fantazzini, Tatiana B.; Vilela, Amanda L.Storage is important in the coffee post-harvest. Determining the maximum period that coffee can remain storaged is important aiming to reduce losses in quality and, consequently, allow the producer to achieve maximum profitability. The aim was to determine the suitable storage period for natural and fully washed coffees, under different conditions. Beans were dried to 11% moisture content after dry processing (natural coffee, dry cherry coffee) and wet processing (parchment coffee, fully washed). Before storage, part of the coffee was hulled and part was not. The coffee was stored under refrigerated air (10ºC and 50% relative humidity) or in an environment at 25ºC. In the periods of 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, samples were taken for sensory, electrical conductivity and tetrazolium evaluation. Refrigerated environment favors conservation of sensory and physiological quality of the natural hulled coffee beans and fully washed coffee. Hulled beans of natural and fully washed coffee stored under refrigerated conditions have the initial quality conserved for up to 12 months and in non-controlled environmental, for up to 3 months. Mechanical damage caused by hulling, associated with the lack of tissue fruit parts, contributes to reduction hulled coffee quality in storage, regardless of the processing.Item Fermented natural coffee followed by pulping: Analysis of the initial sensory quality and after six months of storage(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-09-01) Salvio, Luís Gustavo Amaral; Cirillo, Marcelo Ângelo; Borém, Flávio Meira; Alves, Ana Paula de Carvalho; Palumbo, Juliana Maria Campos; Santos, Cláudia Mendes dos; Haeberlin, Luana; Schwan, Rosane Freitas; Nakajima, Makoto; Sugino, RyosukeIn recent years, different methods of fermentation have emerged for coffee, with the intention of adding complexity to its flavor. To be able to clearly identify the information from sensory analysis, tools capable of detecting small differences are needed. One such tool is multiple factor analysis (MFA). Thus, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of fermentation time and storage on the quality of sensory attributes using MFA. The coffee (Coffea arabica L.) samples collected for the study were from the Serra da Mantiqueira region – Brazil. In the present study, two natural coffee fermentation methods were evaluated, one using natural coffee microbiota (NF) and the other using a starter culture (Y), along with different times of anaerobic fermentation (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96h), followed by the pulping of the samples without the use of water. Sensory analysis of fermented coffee samples was performed immediately after drying and after six months of storage in permeable packaging in a refrigerated environment. Thus, the experiment was conducted in an intirely randomized design with a 2 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme (2 fermentation treatments; 5 fermentation times; 2 storage times). The highest scores and the attributes described in higher quality coffees, such as sweetness, acidity, and aftertaste, were attributed to coffees fermented for 96 hours. Results indicated that inoculation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA 0543 was responsible for maintaining the sensory qualities of the coffee fermented for 96 hours after 6 months of storage.Item Analysis and technical optimization of processing condition for better quality of robusta coffee production(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-06-06) Ahmad, Usman; Sa’diyah, Khalimatus; Sathivel, SubramaniamThe wet processing of robusta coffee starts with harvesting coffee cherries, followed by sorting the cherries, pulping, fermentation, washing, drying, hard skin hulling, bean sorting, and packaging. Soaking fruit before pulping is an alternative for coffee farmers to delay the pulping process if time does not allow it. The fermentation process aims to remove mucus that is firmly attached to the hard skin. The addition of L. casei microbes can accelerate the process but affect the final taste. The study aimed to optimize the duration of soaking and fermentation processes for obtaining coffee beans with a minimum number of unpeeled beans, minimum partially black bean value, maximum taste quality, and to identify volatile components that play a role in forming the best steeping aroma after the coffee beans are roasted, ground and brewed. Experiments and data analysis were carried out using the Response Surface Method design. The optimization results showed that 24 hours of soaking and 24 hours of fermentation were the optimum treatment based on the criteria for unpeeled beans response, partially black bean value, and total taste score with a desirability value of 0.721. The identified volatile compounds (43) include 9 aldehyde group compounds, 3 alcohols, 4 furans, 5 heterocyclic N, 6 ketones, 1 organic acid, 3 phenols, 10 pyrazines, and 2 thiols. The spicy and chocolaty aroma produced was also the highest among treatments, namely 8.98% and 7.74%. The treatment without soaking and fermentation had the highest percentages of caramelly and nutty areas, namely 23.14% and 21.35%, respectively.Item Evaluation of the behavior of coffee stored in cooled and natural environments(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-11) Andrade, Ednilton Tavares de; Rezende, Renan Pereira; Borém, Flávio Meira; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da; Rios, Paula de Almeida; Oliveira, Filipe da Silva deThe market value of coffee is strongly influenced by loss of quality, which makes storage one of the main steps in the entire production chain. The finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are numerical and computational techniques that facilitate the simulation of agricultural product storage systems. Computational modeling satisfactorily represents real experimentation, simplifies decision-making, and reduces costs. This study aimed to analyze mocha coffee storage for 6 months in a cooled environment with temperatures between 15 and 18 °C and in a natural environment. The water content, bulk density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity were determined and colorimetry and sensory analysis were applied to compare initial and final samples of the product after storage. It was found that the water content and specific heat were the only properties that presented significant changes. Through sensory analysis, it was observed that the quality of the coffee was the same for both systems. A computational model was developed to simulate the heat transfer process during storage. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental results for the temperature distribution in the grain mass showed overall mean relative errors of 2.34% for the natural environment and 5.74% for the cooled environment.Item Effects of post-harvest process on volatile - sensory profile for coffee in Colombia(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-28) Florez Arenas, Albeiro; Hincapie, Andres Mauricio Villegas; Ocampo, Gonzalo TabordaThe coffee fermentation process has been established as a determining stage regarding its quality and aroma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences that exist between five fermentation processes and within each process (at different fermentation times) based on their volatile and sensory profile. The processes evaluated were dry or natural (NA), semi-dry or honey (HO), and three variations of the wet process, called: conventional aerobic (AC), aerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (AFC) and anaerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (ANFC). The NA process obtained the highest score in the sensory profile and statistically different from the other processes. The volatile profile was determined by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 51 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified. The main chemical families that allowed differentiating between groups of processes were ketones and pyrroles, and the VOCs that mainly contribute to differentiate between process or groups of processes are: ethanone, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furanmethanol, 4-vinylguayacol, 2-methylfuran, 2- butanone, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, acetylpyrazine, 1- (2-furanylmethyl) -1H-pyrrole and 2,2'-bifuran. Within each fermentation process (between treatments) no differences were found from the final score of the sensory analysis, but differences were found from volatile profile.