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Item Spatial-temporal patterns of coffee tree physiology(Editora UFLA, 2019-07) Santini, Paula Tristão; Barbosa, Ronei Aparecido; Almeida, Lorena Gabriela; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Alves, José DonizetiThe ecophysiological parameters of coffee canopy were mapped throughout the day. Therefore, evaluations were carried out in ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ Coffea arabica L., measuring 1.7 meters. A vertical gradient (from the apex to the base of the plant canopy) and a horizontal gradient (plagiotropic branches) were established to analyze different positions of the canopy. Thus, in the vertical direction, four heights were analyzed in the plant: top, upper, middle and lower regions. In the horizontal gradient, the plagiotropic branches were divided into three parts: basal, median and apical. Collection was performed on the east and west sides of the canopy, at four times of the day: 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, and 3 p.m., totaling 24 collection points at each time. Gas exchange, photosynthetically active radiation and leaf temperature were evaluated in each of the 24 points of the coffee canopy. The gas exchange characteristics of an individual coffee leaf diverge considerably from other leaves, which require caution when scaling estimates of leaf photosynthesis at the global canopy level. The analysis of some punctual leaves does not serve to discriminate the overall dynamics of a canopy.Item Spatio-temporal variability of carbohydrate and chlorophyll content in the coffee canopy(Editora UFLA, 2019-07) Santini, Paula Tristão; Almeida, Lorena Gabriela; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Alves, José DonizetiThe spatial variability of the total chlorophyll content and carotenoids content, starch and soluble sugars of coffee canopy were mapped throughout the day. Therefore, evaluations were carried out in a ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ coffee plant with 1.7 meters height. A vertical gradient (from the apex to the base of the plant canopy) and a horizontal gradient (plagiotropic branches) were established to analyze different positions of the canopy. Thus, in the vertical direction, four heights were analyzed in the plant: top, upper, middle and lower regions. In the horizontal gradient, the plagiotropic branches were divided into three parts: basal, median and apical. Collection of leaf samples was performed on the east and west sides of the canopy, at 9 a.m., totaling 24 collection points at each time. Higher content of photosynthetic pigments and concentration of sugars were observed in the western face and in the inner parts of the coffee tree. The content of chloroplast pigments and sugars of an individual coffee leaf diverge considerably from other leaves, which requires caution when scaling estimates at the global canopy level. The analysis of some punctual leaves does not serve to discriminate the overall dynamics of a canopy.Item Stomatal behavior and components of the antioxidative system in coffee plants under water stress(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2011-01) Deuner, Sidnei; Alves, José Donizeti; Zanandrea, Ilisandra; Goulart, Patrícia de Fátima Pereira; Silveira, Neidiquele Maria; Henrique, Paôla de Castro; Mesquita, Alessandro CarlosCoffee (Coffea arabica) plants show a positive relationship between stomatal closure and formation and accumulation of H2O2. However, for coffee plants under water restriction such relationship has never been studied. The objective of the present study was evaluate the stomatal movement and the antioxidant capacity of coffee seedlings under different water regimes. Eight months old coffee seedlings of cv. Catuaí IAC 99 were submitted to field capacity, gradual and total suspension of irrigation during a period of 21 days. Evaluations of leaf water potential (Ψ w) were performed in the beginning of the morning, and stomatal resistance, transpiration rate and vapor pressure deficit were determined at 10 am and 5 pm. All biochemical and enzymatic determinations were performed in leaves collected at 5 pm. Evaluations and samplings were performed at three days intervals. There was no variation in Ψ w during the evaluated period for plants in field capacity. However, an expressive decrease of Ψ w following day 12, reaching values near -2.5 MPa at the end of the experiment was observed for plants submitted to gradual suspension of irrigation. For plants submitted to total suspension of irrigation, Ψ w decreases after the sixth day, reaching -2.5 MPa at day 15. The decay of Ψ w in plants submitted to gradual and total suspension of irrigation reflected in increased stomatal resistance and in a decreased transpiration rate leading to an increase in hydrogen peroxide formation and, on final stages, increase in lipid peroxidation. As a conclusion, an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as in the levels of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate was observed, which act in the detoxification of free radicals formed as result of the water stress.Item Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2003-04) Silva, José Carlos da; Alves, José Donizeti; Alvarenga, Amauri Alves de; Magalhães, Marcelo Murad; Livramento, Dárlan Einstein do; Fries, Daniela DeitosOne management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.Item Alterações morfofisiológicas em folhas de Coffea arabica L. cv. “Oeiras” sob influência do sombreamento por Acacia mangium Willd(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008-01) Gomes, Inês Angélica Cordeiro; Castro, Evaristo Mauro de; Soares, Angela Maria; Alves, José Donizeti; Alvarenga, Maria Inês Nogueira; Alves, Eduardo; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Fries, Daniela DeitosDiferenças na disponibilidade de radiação podem causar modificações na estrutura e função das folhas do cafeeiro, que podem responder de maneira diferencial à radiação por alterações morfológicas, anatômicas, de crescimento e na taxa fotossintética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características morfofisiológicas de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L. cv. “Oeiras”) sombreados por acácia (Acacia mangium Willd.) na época seca e chuvosa no sul de Minas Gerais. As maiores taxas fotossintéticas e maiores espessuras da epiderme adaxial foram observadas na estação chuvosa nas linhas de cafeeiros a pleno sol. O sombreamento influenciou em menor espessura das folhas e em espaços intercelulares maiores no tecido esponjoso. Foi também verificada mudança na forma dos cloroplastos, os quais apresentaram-se mais alongados em folhas de cafeeiros a pleno sol quando relacionados aos arborizados.Item Alterações bioquímicas de plantas e morfológicas de gemas de cafeeiro associadas a eventos do florescimento em resposta a elementos meteorológicos(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008-08) Nascimento, Marilza Neves do; Alves, José Donizeti; Soares, Ângela Maria; Castro, Evaristo Mauro de; Magalhães, Marcelo Murad; Alvarenga, Amauri Alves de; Silva, Guilherme HenriqueO florescimento do cafeeiro envolve diversos fatores, tanto da planta como do ambiente. A compreensão das interações entre esses fatores pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo mais dequadas, principalmente em relação à irrigação. Tais práticas podem vir a promover uma uniformização da floração, conseqüentemente uniformização da maturação dos frutos, minimizando os custos de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações morfológicas de gemas, síntese de prolina e de ácido abscísico em plantas de cafeeiros em resposta a elementos meteorológicos, visando assim contribuir para o conhecimento de fatores que influenciam a uniformização da floração. Foram feitas análises, por meio de técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, em gemas de ramos plagiotrópicos de primeira ordem, coletadas semanalmente durante o período de novembro/04 a fevereiro/05. No período de julho a setembro de 2005, foram realizadas avaliações em plantas irrigadas e não-irrigadas, de potencial hídrico foliar antes do amanhecer e teor de prolina, em folhas totalmente expandidas, posicionadas em ramos do terço superior da copa. Foi também avaliado o teor de ácido abscísico na seiva do xilema e nas gemas florais. Os resultados mostram modificações na estrutura das gemas associadas a um período de déficit hídrico seguido de precipitação e, conseqüentemente, de menor amplitude térmica. Em relação ao potencial hídrico, há diferenças entre os tratamentos irrigado e não-irrigado e foram observados valores entre -0,3 e -0,8MPa e –0,6 e –1,5MPa respectivamente. Os maiores valores de teores de prolina e de ABA correspondem a períodos de menor oferta de precipitação, entretanto, não há uma relação direta entre a síntese destes compostos e as fases do florescimento avaliadas.Item Source-sink manipulations in Coffea arabica L. and its effect on growth of shoots and root system(Editora UFLA, 2011-09) Alves, José Donizeti; Paglis, Carlos Maurício; Livramento, Darlan Einstein do; Linhares, Suellen Sarah Drumond; Becker, Frederico Biagi; Mesquita, Alessandro CarlosThis paper investigated changes in growth and carbohydrate content of shoots and root systems in response to source-sink manipulation in field-grown coffee trees. The source-sink manipulations were carried out using manual de-fruiting. Two plots of trees were established: in one group, the fruit was left on the tree, while in the second group all fruits were removed manually. Similar results were obtained for coffee trees with and without fruit in terms of height, stem and skirt diameter and branch lengths. A biochemical evaluation of the roots showed that no differences were found between the levels of carbohydrates. In the leaves, levels of soluble sugars and reducing sugars were higher in plants with fruit. The starch concentration in leaves and roots did not vary between the plots. Root length density did not vary between plants with and without fruit in the 0 - 0.4 m soil layer. However, plants without fruit had a higher root length density than plants with a full fruit load. These results contrast with results published by others on source-sink relationships of coffee plants. The joint data analysis shows that young trees, with a moderate fruit load, and with good nutritional and health status, produce carbohydrates in sufficient quantities to maintain vegetative and reproductive growth, without harming root system growth.Item Metabolismo da sacarose em cafeeiros submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamento(Editora UFLA, 2014-10) Baliza, Danielle Pereira; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Alves, José Donizeti; Guimarães, Rubens José; Cunha, Rodrigo Luz daObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a atividade das enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo da sacarose e os níveis de carboidratos no endosperma de frutos de cafeeiros submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo cinco níveis de sombreamento (pleno sol, 35, 50, 65 e 90% de sombra) e três estádios de desenvolvimento dos frutos (cereja, verde cana e verde). As variáveis analisadas foram as atividades das enzimas sacarose fosfato sintase (SPS), sacarose sintase (SuSy) e invertase ácida e, o conteúdo de açúcares solúveis totais, sacarose e glicose. O sombreamento, a partir de 50%, aumentou a atividade das enzimas invertase ácida e SuSy nos estádios verde cana e cereja. Em relação à SPS o sombreamento não alterou a sua atividade, sendo os maiores valores encontrados nos estádios verde cana e cereja. Os níveis de sombreamento até 65 % apresentaram os maiores teores de açúcares solúveis totais e sacarose nos estádios tardios de maturação, enquanto que a 90 % de sombreamento, os maiores valores foram encontrados nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento do fruto. O teor de glicose foi maior no estádio verde de maturação até o nível de 50 % de sombreamento, a partir do qual houve uma redução nos valores da glicose com o aumento do sombreamento. Assim, verifica-se que o sombreamento a partir de 50%, provavelmente modifica o desenvolvimento do fruto por alterar o metabolismo da sacarose no endosperma, prolongando o período de maturação.Item Modifications in the metabolism of carbohydrates in (Coffea arabica L. cv. siriema) seedlings under drought conditions(Editora UFLA, 2013-04) Brum, Christiane Noronha Fernandes; Melo, Emanuelle Ferreira; Barquero, Luis Orlando Barboza; Alves, José Donizeti; Chalfun-Júnior, AntonioUnderstanding what mechanisms are involved in drought response in coffee plants will generate relevant information to assist breeding and/or genetic engineering to obtain new commercial varieties with drought tolerance. This research aimed at studying the effects of drought on leaf water potential, carbohydrate concentrations, and sucrose synthase and invertase activity in coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica Siriema), originating from a natural cross between C. racemosa and C. arabica Blue Mountain (Carvalho et al., 2008). Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse under non-irrigated and daily irrigated conditions. Plants were evaluated every three days until they reached the permanent wilting point or, at most. 30 days after withholding water. In addition, plants under different drought conditions (as of 30 days) were irrigated and evaluated 24 and 48 hours after water application. The non-irrigated treatment prompted a significant reduction in leaf water potential, whereas re-irrigation promoted partial recovery of plant water potential. There was a significant increase in the levels of total soluble sugars and reducing sugars, both in the leaves and roots of the non-irrigated plants. The re-irrigated plants behaved like the non-irrigated plants; however, lower levels of sugars were detected in these samples. The leaves and roots of the non- irrigated plants also showed a significant reduction in starch levels. The activity of sucrose synthase and invertase, neutral and acid enzymes, increased as a result of water stress.