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Item Cadmium and lead adsorption and desorption by coffee waste-derived biochars(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2022-02-16) Carnier, Ruan; Coscione, Aline Renée; Abreu, Cleide Aparecida de; Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo; Silva, Andressa Ferreira daBiochar derived from coffee waste has been reported as a promising material for heavy metal sorption. However, if the intended use is environmental remediation, knowing the extent to which desorption may occur is critical. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of spent coffee ground (SCG) and coffee parchment (CP) biochars pyrolyzed at 700 °C under laboratory conditions, in the sorption of Cd and Pb from aqueous solutions, in a pH range from 2 to 10, and their retention after an induced desorption process with a 2.9 pH acetic acid solution. Both biochars were alkaline, and the initial pH of the solution had a large effect on the sorption capacity of SCG but a small effect on the sorption capacity of CP. The Pb sorption capacity was higher for CP (18.6 mg·g–1) than for SCG (11.4 mg·g–1), while both biochars had low Cd retention capacities (1.18 mg·g–1). Coffee parchment also showed the highest Pb retention (30% to 87%), while for Cd there was no difference between CP and SCG biochars. Our results showed that metal precipitation was the main mechanism for metal immobilization and CP biochar proved to be more reliable than SCG, mainly for Pb, due to its higher sorption capacity and lower metal release by desorption than SCG. These characteristics are particularly important for the use of biochar in environmental remediation. Besides that, the biochar production represents an eco-friendly destination for these feedstocks, contributing to the circular economy.Item Coffee waste biochars: characterization and zinc adsorption from aqueous solution(Editora UFLA, 2019-10) Sertoli, Lindiamara; Carnier, Ruan; Abreu, Cleide Aparecida de; Coscione, Aline Renée; Melo, Leônidas Carrijo AzevedoThe final disposal of organic wastes has become a major challenge with increasing industrialization and population growth. Coffee wastes can be converted into biochar and provide economic and environmental benefits, such as heavy metal remediation in different media. We produced biochars at 700 °C from spent coffee grounds and coffee parchment, characterized them physically and chemically and evaluated their Zn adsorption capacity from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were performed with six Zn concentrations using four replicates. The desorption process was performed sequentially with a pH 4.9 buffer acetic acid solution. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were fitted to the adsorption data using non-linear models. Results show that both biochars are alkaline and have high values of point of zero charge (PZC) (9.2 and 7.7 for coffee parchment and spent coffee grounds biochar). These characteristics indicate precipitation as the main mechanism of Zn immobilization and may have contributed to the low adsorption capacity obtained (0.056 and 0.792 mg g-1 for spent coffee ground and coffee parchment biochar, respectively). Although the biochars have shown low adsorption capacity, they bound Zn strongly and the adsorption process is not easily reversed.Item Ionic speciation in a dystrophic red latosol under coffee crop high doses of gypsum(Editora UFLA, 2019-07-03) Ramos, Bárbara Zini; Lima, José Maria de; Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Coscione, Aline Renée; Ferraz, Raul Magalhães; Amorim, Lucas Mota; Lopes, GuilhermeThe cultivation of coffe crops in Brazil, especially on Latosols, has been increasing over the years, despite limitations such as aluminum toxicity, low fertility and very long drought periods. In this scenario, soil amendments to mitigate these restraints are necessary. Since these limitations are not restricted to the arable layer, application of gypsum becomes an efficient alternative to sustain soil fertility and deepen the root system to get water from the deeper layers of soil. However, high doses of gypsum can cause unbalance among Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + . The objective of this work was to evaluate these bases as well as their ionic pairs, and the presence of sulfate along the soil profile 16 months after the application of high gypsum doses in a Latosol under coffee crops. An inicial dose of gypsum was applied in the entire area, followed by four treatments, in triplicate and randomized blocks, set as follows: G0 - zero gypsum applied over the planting line after the initial soil preparation; G7- 7 t ha -1 of gypsum in the planting line (1.75 kg m -1 ); G56 - 56 t ha -1 of gypsum in the planting line (14 kg m -1 ), all with brachiaria between the coffee planting lines; and CV7 - 7 t ha -1 of gypsum in the line and no brachiaria between the planting lines. The soil profile was sampled in layers up to 2.40 m depth and the soil solution was extracted by suctioning the sample-saturated paste. Following this extraction, the soil solution was analyzed by combustion for total carbon contents, ion chromatography and ICP-OES/flame photometry, for chemical species, and speciation was done using Minteq software. After 16 months of gypsum application, 96% of K + in soil solution was at 0.35 to 0.45 m in its free form. Leaching of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ occurred predominantly in their free forms, although a more significant contribution of CaSO 40 and MgSO 40 ionic pairs was observed when compared to K 2 SO 40.Item Doses de gesso em cafeeiro: influência nos teores de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e ph na solução de um latossolo vermelho distrófico(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-07) Ramos, Bárbara Zini; Toledo, João Paulo Vaz Floriano; Lima, José Maria de; Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Bastos, Ana Rosa Ribeiro; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Coscione, Aline RenéeO desbalanço entre Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ e K + no solo como consequência das aplicações elevadas de gesso deve-se às relações de tamanho (raio iônico) e densidades de cargas (relação carga/raio) de cada espécie iônica. Quanto maior a densidade de carga, mais intensa será a ligação iônica do cátion com íons de cargas opostas como OH - e SO 4-2 . Dessa maneira, o uso excessivo de gesso agrícola, sem considerar o balanço de cargas das partículas do solo; o equilíbrio iônico; e a CTC podem resultar em expressiva lixiviação ao longo do perfil do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de elevadas doses de gesso (0, 7 e 56 t ha -1 ) nos teores de Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + e pH na solução de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico cultivado com cafeeiro, obtida pelo método adaptado do extrato aquoso. O solo foi amostrado nas profundidades de 0,15-0,25; 0,35-0,45; 0,75-0,85; 1,15-1,25 e 2,35-2,45 m na linha de plantio, em quatro tratamentos: G-0 - gesso no preparo (aplicação ocorreu em setembro de 2008, distribuído a lanço, na quantidade de 2 t ha -1 ) e sem gesso na linha de plantio; G-7 - gesso adicionado durante a preparação do solo (2 t ha -1 ), na mesma condição do G-0 e 7,0 t ha -1 de gesso na linha de plantio; G-56 - gesso adicionado durante a preparação do solo (2 t ha -1 ), na mesma condição do G-0 e 56 t ha -1 de gesso na linha de plantio (nessas parcelas experimentais as entrelinhas de plantio foram cobertas com braquiária); e CV-7: ausência de braquiária na entrelinha, com gesso no preparo e 7 t ha -1 de gesso na linha, com três repetições distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, totalizando 60 amostras. Após 16 meses da adição de gesso, observou-se redução do pH na solução do solo nas profundidades de 0,15- 0,25; 0,35-0,45 e 0,75-0,85 m. A aplicação de gesso agrícola foi eficiente na melhoria do ambiente radicular no subsolo, aumentou a concentração de Mg 2+ e Ca 2+ na solução do solo, mas reduziu o K + em profundidade, a partir de 0,85 m. Os teores de Ca 2+ e Mg 2+ trocáveis na solução do solo estiveram acima do nível crítico; entretanto, os teores de K + trocável se mantiveram na faixa do valor crítico, indicado para o desenvolvimento da cultura.