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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Grain yield of coffee plants fertilized with different doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation under rainfed conditions(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2021-07-12) Torres, Josemar Dávila; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento De; Marcolan, Alaerto Luiz; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosLittle is known about the management of high-yield clonal Coffea canephora in the Amazonian Region, mainly for nutritional aspects and cultivation system efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on coffee grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency of C. canephora trees. An experiment was performed at an experimental field of the Embrapa Rondônia in Porto Velho (RO), Brazil. It was carried out in a split-plot scheme with six doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation (0; 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 kg ha-1) and three years of evaluation (2014, 2015, and 2016). An interaction between fertilizer dose and crop year was observed. Fertilizer doses showed an exponential behavior, with maximum yields of 51, 114, and 79 bags ha-1 at 3,000 kg ha-1 in the crop years of 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Such a behavior impacted average and accumulated yields in the three harvest seasons. As for crop year effect within each fertilizer dose, the highest yield was reached in the second harvest after pruning for renewal of orthotropic stems. Moreover, fertilizer use efficiency by plants decreased exponentially, with the highest value at the lowest dose. Increasing doses of 20-00-20 formulation promoted an exponential increase in grain yield but decreased its use efficiency by C. canephora plants. This management also stimulated a strong biannual production.Item With different doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation under rainfed conditions(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2021) Torres, Josemar Dávila; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento de; Marcolan, Alaerto Luiz; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosLittle is known about the management of high-yield clonal Coffea canephora in the Amazonian Region, mainly for nutritional aspects and cultivation system efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on coffee grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency of C. canephora trees. An experiment was performed at an experimental field of the Embrapa Rondônia in Porto Velho (RO), Brazil. It was carried out in a split-plot scheme with six doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation (0; 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 kg ha-1) and three years of evaluation (2014, 2015, and 2016). An interaction between fertilizer dose and crop year was observed. Fertilizer doses showed an exponential behavior, with maximum yields of 51, 114, and 79 bags ha-1 at 3,000 kg ha-1 in the crop years of 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Such a behavior impacted average and accumulated yields in the three harvest seasons. As for crop year effect within each fertilizer dose, the highest yield was reached in the second harvest after pruning for renewal of orthotropic stems. Moreover, fertilizer use efficiency by plants decreased exponentially, with the highest value at the lowest dose. Increasing doses of 20-00-20 formulation promoted an exponential increase in grain yield but decreased its use efficiency by C. canephora plants. This management also stimulated a strong biannual production.Item Concentration and accumulation of micronutrients in robust coffee(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2019) Dubberstein, Danielly; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Dias, Jairo Rafael MachadoKnowledge on the dynamics of micronutrients in coffee tree assists nutritional diagnosis and fertilization management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration and accumulation of micronutrients in the leaves and fruits of Coffea canephora. The experiment was managed in crops propagated for 2.5 years in a split-plot-in-time scheme in which the main plots consisted of fertilized and not-fertilized plants, and the subplots stipulated the evaluation periods. The berries and leaves were collected every 28 days, starting from the first flowering to full maturity. The micronutrient content was determined by laboratory chemical analysis, and the accumulation of nutrients in the fruit (mg) was calculated by multiplying the dry matter of the berry (g) × nutrient concentration (mg kg−1). The results showed that fertilization infers the zinc concentration in the fruits and the concentration for manganese, iron and zinc in the leaves in the determined periods. Micronutrient accumulation curves followed the simple sigmoidal model, with accumulation increasing considerably as a function of fruit growth. Thus, fertilization based on micronutrients must be divided over stages with higher accumulation rates, considering the specific requirement of each nutrient.Item Dry matter and macronutrient accumulation in fruits of conilon coffee with different ripening cycles(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014-01) Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Marré, Wellington Braida; Vieira, Henrique DuarteThe period between anthesis and fruit ripening varies according to the Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) genotype. Therefore, the time of the nutritional requirements for fruit formation may differ, depending on the formation phase and the genotype, and may directly affect split application of fertilizer. The aim of this study was to quantify the accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S at several stages in the fruit of the Conilon coffee genotype with different ripening cycles, which may suggest the need for split application of fertilizer in coffee. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Nova Venecia, Espírito Santo, Brazil, throughout the reproductive cycle. The treatments were composed of four coffee genotypes with different ripening cycles. A completely randomised experimental design was used. with five replicates. Plagiotropic branches were harvested from flowering to fruit ripening at 28-day intervals to determine the dry matter of the fruits and the concentration and accumulation of the nutrients they contained. The behavior of dry matter and macronutrient accumulation during the study period was similar and increasing, but it differed among genotypes sampled in the same season. Early genotypes exhibited a higher speed of dry matter and nutrient accumulation. Split application of fertilizer should differ among coffee genotypes with different ripening cycles (early, intermediate, late and very late).Item Micronutrient accumulation in conilon coffee berries with different maturation cycles(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2015-09) Marré, Wellington Braida; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Gontijo, Ivoney; Vieira, Henrique DuarteThe number of days between anthesis and maturation of conilon coffee berries varies according to the genotype. Thus, it is believed that periods of greater nutrient demand for fruit formation also vary according to the genotype, directly influencing fertilizer management. The goal of this study was to establish accumulation curves for the micronutrients boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in conilon coffee trees with different maturation cycles. The experiment was conducted in Nova Venécia, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, during the reproductive cycle of the 2010/2011 crop year. Four coffee genotypes with different maturation cycles (early, intermediate, late, and super-late) were studied. A completely randomized experimental design was used with five replications. The treatments correspond to the accumulation of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the berries every 28 days in the period from flowering to harvest. The early, intermediate, and late genotypes accumulated Fe, Cu, and Mn in a similar manner, with sigmoid curves, whereas the super-late genotype accumulated these nutrients exponentially. Zn was accumulated by all four genotypes following a sigmoid curve. The early, intermediate, and late genotypes accumulated B linearly, whereas the super-late genotype accumulated B following a sigmoid curve. The maturation cycle of the genotype must be taken into account to apply the correct rate of micronutrient fertilization in coffee plantations.Item Influência da adubação no crescimento vegetativo de cafeeiros na Amazônia Sul Ocidental(Editora UFLA, 2017-04) Dubberstein, Danielly; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Espindula, Marcelo CuritibaO conhecimento do padrão de crescimento do cafeeiro torna-se fundamental para auxiliar no manejo da lavoura, em virtude da ocorrência de sazonalidade de crescimento ao longo do ano. Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento vegetativo de ramos de cafeeiro situados na Amazônia Sul Ocidental em plantas adubada e não adubada. O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura clonal, com delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições,em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As parcelas principais foram constituídas por plantas adubadas e não adubadas e as subparcelas acomodaram as épocas de avaliação (medições). As análises de crescimento dos ramos ortotrópico e plagiotrópico foram mensuradas a cada 14 dias, de maio de 2013 a junho de 2014,a partir disso estimou-se a taxa diária de crescimento vegetativo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. A adubação proporcionou maior crescimento aos ramos ortotrópico e plagiotrópico durante o período de outubro a dezembro. Averiguaram-se variações sazonais de crescimento ao longo do ano, com as maiores taxas incidindo de meados de setembro ao início de abril, quando ocorre maior parte da precipitação pluviométrica na região. Para um manejo nutricional eficiente, recomenda-se atenção especial ao parcelamento da adubação neste período.Item Volatilização de amônia de ureias protegidas na cultura do cafeeiro Conilon(Editora UFLA, 2016-10) Rodrigues, José de Oliveira; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Oliosi, Gleison; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Monte, José AntônioDentre as fontes de nitrogênio (N) utilizadas na agricultura, a ureia é o fertilizante mais utilizado no Brasil. Todavia, apresenta problemas com a aplicação na superfície do solo devido às perdas de N por volatilização de amônia, decorrentes da ação da enzima urease. Objetivou-se determinar as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia e a produtividade de plantas de cafeeiro Conilon adubadas com ureias protegidas. O experimento foi instalado em Nova Venécia – ES, em lavoura comercial de café Conilon ‘Vitória INCAPER 8142’ com cinco fontes de fertilizantes nitrogenados: Ureia Comum-45% N (UC45), Ureia-45% N + NBPT (U45+NBPT), Ureia-44,6% N + 0,15% de Cu + 0,4% de B (U44,6+Cu+B), Ureia-37% N + 17% de S (U37+S) e Nitrato de Amônio-34% N (NA34). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram instalados coletores de amônia, em cada parcela experimental, imediatamente após a aplicação dos fertilizantes. As ureias protegidas pelo inibidor NBPT e pelos micronutrientes Cu + B apresentam as menores perdas por volatilização em relação à ureia não protegida. O recobrimento da ureia com enxofre não proporciona redução das perdas de N por volatilização. A produtividade dos cafeeiros não é afetada pela utilização de ureias protegidas com NBPT, Cu + B e S, sob as condições estudadas.Item Normas foliares e diagnóstico nutricional do cafeeiro Conilon na pré-florada e granação, no Espírito Santo(Editora UFLA, 2016-10) Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Gomes, Wander Ramos; Oliveira, Marcos Goes de; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Espindula, Marcelo CuritibaAs tecnologias de cultivo do Coffea canephora avançaram significativamente, bem como as exigências nutricionais das plantas. Objetivou-se estabelecer faixa de suficiência e normas DRIS, para lavouras de cafeeiro Conilon em pré-florada e enchimento de grãos no Espírito Santo, bem como realizar diagnóstico nutricional na região por diferentes métodos. As lavouras selecionadas para o estabelecimento dos padrões foliares apresentaram produtividade igual ou superior a 6.000 kg ha - 1 . As coletas foram realizadas em 20 lavouras em duas épocas, pré-florada (junho e julho de 2012) e no enchimento dos grãos (outubro e novembro de 2012). Para verificar as diferenças entre as normas (média, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação do nutriente e de suas respectivas relações com outros nutrientes) utilizou-se o teste F (Anova). O diagnóstico nutricional foi realizado utilizando as faixas de suficiência e o índice DRIS, sendo diagnosticadas 245 lavouras amostradas no período de enchimento dos grãos e 313 na pré-florada. As normas estabelecidas são apropriadas para um diagnóstico nutricional representativo para o Espírito Santo, uma vez que são baseadas em lavouras de alta produtividade. As concentrações médias de N, P, K, S, Cu e Zn foram maiores no período de granação do cafeeiro Conilon, enquanto as concentrações médias de Ca, Mg, Mn e Fe foram maiores no período de pré-florada. Houve diferença em 87 relações de nutrientes dentre as 110, entre duas épocas de amostragem. Sugere-se que as faixas de suficiência e normas DRIS sejam específicas para cada época de amostragem, caso contrário, os diagnósticos podem ser incoerentes.