Periódicos
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
Navegar
6 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Nitrogen fertilizers technologies for coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Chagas, Wantuir Filipe Teixeira; Silva, Douglas Ramos Guelfi; Lacerda, Jordana Reis; Pinto, Leandro Campos; Andrade, André Baldansi; Faquin, ValdemarThe application of urea in coffee crop has caused high losses of nitrogen (N) by volatilization, causing low use and recovery of this nutrient. This low use of N may interfere in the growth and nutrition of the coffee crop and thus, influence the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization. The aim in this work was to assess the growth, nutritional and physiological characteristics and the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization with different nitrogen fertilizer technologies. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in pots with a volume of 14 L. In each pot, it was performed the transplanting of two plants of coffee. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with four replicates. The following nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the dose of 10g pot -1 , devided into three applications with interval of 50 days: Conventional urea; ammonium nitrate; urea + formaldehyde; Polyblen Extend ® ; Polyblen Montanha ® ; Urea + polyurethane; urea + plastic resin; ammonium sulfate + CaCO 3 and the control, without N application. After cropping, it was evaluated the growth, nutritional and physiological parameters. Afterward, it was calculated two agronomic efficiency index of the nitrogen fertilization. The highest values of plants height, the total dry mass of plants and leaf area in coffee seedlings were found with the application of Polyblen Extend ® . This blend also provided higher accumulation of N in the leaf and the whole plant. The application of Polyblen Extend ® provided higher agronomic efficiency and also enhanced the photosynthetic rate in the coffee plants.Item Magnesium in the dynamics of carbohydrates and antioxidant metabolism of coffee seedlings in two irradiance levels(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Dias, Kaio Gonçalves de Lima; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Furtini Neto, Antônio Eduardo; Faquin, Valdemar; Pádua, Eduane José de; Silveira, Helbert Rezende Oliveira deThe aim of this study was to verify the physiological impacts and the carbohydrate dynamics of Coffea arabica, seedlings subjected to increasing concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and two irradiance levels. Methods: The experiment was carried out in growth chambers with nutrient solution. The treatments were five concentrations of Mg (0, 48, 96, 192, and 384 mg L-1 ) and two irradiance levels (80 and 320 μmol of photons m-2 s-1 ). The coffee seedlings were under the treatments for 90 days. Results: The leaves with deficiency or excess of Mg exposed to the irradiance of 320 μmol of photons m -2 s-1 accumulated more carbohydrates than those exposed to 80 μmol of photons m 2 s-1 . The accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Leaves exposed to 320 μmol of photons m-2 s-1 exhibited symptoms of scald by the sun caused by photo-oxidation. The scald was more intense in plants with abnormal concentrations of Mg. The antioxidant system of the coffee tree is closely relates to the Mg supply and irradiance levels. Concentrations of Mg between 48 and 96 mg L-1 functioned as a mitigating agent of oxidative stress under stressful conditions caused by high irradiance level.Item Ammonia volatilization from blends with stabilized and controlled-released urea in the coffee system(Editora UFLA, 2016-09) Chagas, Wantuir Filipe Teixeira; Guelfi, Douglas Ramos; Caputo, André Luiz Carvalho; Souza, Taylor Lima de; Andrade, André Baldansi; Faquin, ValdemarApplication of stabilized and controlled-release urea blends can reduce the losses of N-NH3 as compared to conventional urea. The aim of this study was to quantify ammonia volatilization from conventional nitrogen fertilizers and blends of urea + (urea + NBPT) + controlled release urea applied in drip irrigated coffee system. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in in a Red Latosol located in Lavras-MG, Brazil. The randomized complete block design with six treatments: Urea = 450 kg ha -1 yr -1 N (100% of the recommended dose) divided in three splittings equal to 150 kg ha -1 N with an interval of 50 days; ammonium nitrate = 450 kg ha -1 yr -1 N (100% of the recommended dose) in three splittings equal to 150 kg ha -1 N with an interval of 50 days; Polyblen Extend ® -100%= 450 kg ha -1 yr -1 (100% of the recommended dose) applied in two splittings, 315 kg ha -1 N in the 1o split and 135 kg ha -1 N in the 2o split; Polyblen Extend ® -70% = 315 kg ha -1 yr -1 N (70% of the recommended dose) in two splittings, 220.5 kg ha -1 N in the 1o split and 94.5 kg ha -1 N in the 2o split; Polyblen Montanha ® -100% = 450 kg ha -1 yr -1 (100% of the recommended dose) in an unique application in the 1o split and Polyblen Montanha ® -70% = 315 kg ha -1 yr -1 N (70% of the recommended dose) at an unique application in the 1o split, with three repetitions. Total accumulated N-NH3 losses followed the decreasing order: Urea (83.2 kg ha -1 N) > Polyblen Extend ® - 100% (60.3 kg ha -1 N) > Polyblen Montanha ® - 100% (46.8 kg ha -1 N) > Polyblen Extend ® - 70% (35.1 kg ha -1 N) > Polyblen Montanha ® - 70% (24.2 kg ha -1 N) > nitrate ammonium (2.0 kg ha -1 N ). The use of Polyblen Montanha ® decreases two splittings compared to conventional sources such as urea and ammonium nitrate, by applying only 70% of the recommended dose without affecting yield and coffee crop nutrition.Item Nitrogen loss by volatilization of nitrogen fertilizers applied to coffee orchard(Editora UFLA, 2016-03) Dominghetti, Anderson William; Guelfi, Douglas Ramos; Guimarães, Rubens José; Caputo, André Luiz Carvalho; Spehar, Carlos Roberto; Faquin, ValdemarAmmonia volatilization (N-NH3) is one of the main pathways of Nitrogen loss reducing nitrogen use efficiency in coffee orchard. This work aimed at quantifying ammonia volatilization (N-NH3) losses from N-sources to be used in coffee plantations fertilization in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the field on a dystrophic red latosol (Ferralsol in FAO’s classification) at the Coffee Research Sector, University of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with three repetitions of the following treatments: conventional urea, ammonium nitrate and urea + 0.15% Cu and 0.4% B, urea + anionic polymers, urea + elementary sulfur (S 0) + polymers, and urea + plastic resin. These N sources were split into three doses of 150 kg ha -1 and band applied. The N-NH3 losses by volatilization and variations of pH (H2O) were measured, before and after N application. The N-sources contributed to reduce the soil pH, measured after the third nitrogen fertilization. The N-NH3 losses by volatilization (average from three applications) was as follows: urea + anionic polymers (35.8%) > conventional urea (31.2%) = urea + S 0 + polymers (31.0%) > urea + 0.15% Cu + 0.4 % B (25.6%) > urea + plastic resin (8.6%) = ammonium nitrate (1.0%).Item Eficiência agronômica do superfosfato triplo revestido por polímeros no crescimento inicial do cafeeiro(Editora UFLA, 2016-07) Chagas, Wantuir Filipe Teixeira; Guelfi, Douglas Ramos; Caputo, André Luiz de Carvalho; Dominghetti, Anderson William; Faquin, Valdemar; Lopes, Raphael Machado; Chagas, Rafael Mattioli RezendeGrande parte do P aplicado ao solo, na forma de fertilizantes, é fixado com óxidos de ferro e alumínio, tornando- se indisponíveis às plantas. Uma opção para contornar esse problema é agregar compostos aos fertilizantes, fosfatos convencionais para reduzir a intensidade das reações de precipitação e adsorção. Para quantificar a eficiência agronômica e avaliar características de crescimento e nutricionais como altura, massa seca de plantas, área foliar, teor e acúmulo de P nas folhas do cafeeiro, conduziu-se o experimento, em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em vasos preenchidos com 14 kg de solo e duas mudas de café cultivar Acaiá IAC 474-19. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por duas fontes de P (Superfosfato triplo revestido por polímeros e Superfosfato triplo convencional) e cinco doses de P 2 O 5 (0; 5; 10; 15; 20 g vaso -1 ), com quatro repetições. Ao final do experimento, concluiu-se que a adubação fosfatada influenciou as características avaliadas, onde a aplicação de fósforo promoveu aumento no crescimento inicial do cafeeiro. O revestimento do fertilizante fosfatado com polímeros aumentou a altura, a massa seca, o acúmulo de fósforo nas folhas do cafeeiro e a eficiência agronômica, em relação ao SFT convencional.Item Produtividade do cafeeiro arábica em condições de adensamento, no noroeste Fluminense(Editora UFLA, 2014-01) Andrade, Wander Eustáquio de Bastos; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Faquin, Valdemar; Guimarães, Rubens JoséObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar diferentes arranjos populacionais, (espaçamentos entre linhas x espaçamentos entre plantas na linha), na produtividade do cafeeiro arábica, na região Noroeste Fluminense. Utilizou-se a cultivar Catuai Vermelho IAC 144, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida. Nas parcelas, foram utilizados quatro espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio (1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 m) e, na subparcela, quatro espaçamentos entre plantas na linha (0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 m). O experimento foi avaliado no período de 2004 a 2011 (oito produções) pela análise da produção acumulada, em sacas de 60 kg de café beneficiadas por hectare e pelas médias dos biênios de produção. O plantio das mudas foi em fevereiro de 2002, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual, e as diferenças entre as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de F, a 5% de probabilidade, para estudo por meio de regressão. Concluiu-se que a redução no espaçamento entre as linhas, e entre as plantas na linha, propicia aumento de produção nas primeiras colheitas; sabe-se que combinações mais produtivas para uma mesma população de plantas por hectare ocorrem quando se emprega menor espaçamento entre plantas na linha e que a mesma população de plantas, mas em diferentes arranjos, não proporciona a mesma produção.