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URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Altered expression of the caffeine synthase gene in a naturally caffeine-free mutant of Coffea arabica(Sociedade Brasileira de Genética, 2009) Maluf, Mirian Perez; Silva, Carla Cristina da; Oliveira, Michelle de Paula Abreu de; Tavares, Aline Gomes; Silvarolla, Maria Bernadete; Guerreiro Filho, OliveiroIn this work, we studied the biosynthesis of caffeine by examining the expression of genes involved in this biosynthetic pathway in coffee fruits containing normal or low levels of this substance. The amplification of gene-specific transcripts during fruit development revealed that low-caffeine fruits had a lower expression of the theobromine synthase and caffeine synthase genes and also contained an extra transcript of the caffeine synthase gene. This extra transcript contained only part of exon 1 and all of exon 3. The sequence of the mutant caffeine synthase gene revealed the substitution of isoleucine for valine in the enzyme active site that probably interfered with enzymatic activity. These findings indicate that the absence of caffeine in these mutants probably resulted from a combination of transcriptional regulation and the presence of mutations in the caffeine synthase amino acid sequence.Item Genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica inbred lines assessed by RAPD, AFLP and SSR marker systems(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2005-07) Maluf, Mirian Perez; Silvestrini, Milene; Ruggiero, Luciana Machado de Campos; Guerreiro Filho, Oliveiro; Colombo, Carlos AugustoOne of the greatest problems in Coffea arabica breeding is identifying precisely any inbred line, based only on botanical and agronomical descriptors, because of the reduced genetic variability of the species, close pedigree origin, which results in small phenotypic variation. Recently, molecular markers have been used for plant germplasm characterization and identification in several commercial species. This work evaluates the reliability of three marker systems: RAPD, AFLP and SSR, to characterize the genetic variability of commercially-used Coffea inbred lines developed by the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), and their potential for cultivar identification. All methods identified polymorphisms among the cultivars. The genetic diversity recognized by the methods is very similar, although is very narrow. RAPD and SSR marker systems grouped more efficiently the evaluated cultivars according to parental origin. None of the methods allowed inbred line identification. Therefore for varietal protection, it would be necessary using a combination of botanical, agronomical and molecular markers descriptors for precise cultivar identification.Item Study of simple sequence repeat markers from coffee expressed sequences associated to leaf miner resistance(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2007-03) Pinto, Fernanda de Oliveira; Maluf, Mirian Perez; Guerreiro-Filho, OliveiroThe objective of this work was to identify expressed simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers associated to leaf miner resistance in coffee progenies. Identification of SSR markers was accomplished by directed searches on the Brazilian Coffee Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) database. Sequence analysis of 32 selected SSR loci showed that 65% repeats are of tetra-, 21% of tri- and 14% of dinucleotides. Also, expressed SSR are localized frequently in the 5’–UTR of gene transcript. Moreover, most of the genes containing SSR are associated with defense mechanisms. Polymorphisms were analyzed in progenies segregating for resistance to the leaf miner and corresponding to advanced generations of a Coffea arabica x Coffea racemosa hybrid. Frequency of SSR alleles was 2.1 per locus. However, no polymorphism associated with leaf miner resistance was identified. These results suggest that marker-assisted selection in coffee breeding should be performed on the initial cross, in which genetic variability is still significant.Item Gene expression profile during coffee fruit development and identification of candidate markers for phenological stages(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2012-07) Gaspari‐Pezzopane, Cristiana de; Bonturi, Nemailla; Guerreiro Filho, Oliveiro; Favarin, José Laércio; Maluf, Mirian PerezThe objective of this work was to identify genes that could be used as suitable markers for molecular recognition of phenological stages during coffee (Coffea arabica) fruit development. Four cultivars were evaluated as to their differential expression of genes associated to fruit development and maturation processes. Gene expression was characterized by both semi‐quantitative and quantitative RT‐PCR, in fruit harvested at seven different developmental stages, during three different seasons. No size polymorphisms or differential expression were observed among the cultivars for the evaluated genes; however, distinct expression profiles along fruit development were determined for each gene. Four out of the 28 evaluated genes exhibited a regular expression profile in all cultivars and harvest seasons, and, therefore, they were validated as candidate phenological markers of coffee fruit. The gene α‐galactosidase can be used as a marker of green stage, caffeine synthase as a marker of transition to green and yellowish‐green stages, and isocitrate lyase and ethylene receptor 3 as markers of late maturation.Item Caracterização de cultivares de Coffea arabica mediante utilização de descritores mínimos(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2004-05) Aguiar, Adriano Tosoni da Eira; Guerreiro-Filho, Oliveiro; Maluf, Mirian Perez; Gallo, Paulo Boller; Fazuoli, Luiz CarlosCerca de 70% do café produzido e comercializado mundialmente é oriundo de Coffea arabica. A espécie apresenta base genética estreita sendo as cultivares bastante aparentadas e originárias em sua maioria das tradicionais cultivares Típica e Bourbon. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar a eficiência de descritores mínimos na caracterização de cultivares de cafeeiros e como diferenciadores entre cultivares a serem submetidas ao processo de proteção de cultivares no Brasil. Foram avaliadas trinta e oito características botânicas ou tecnológicas das plantas, folhas, flores, frutos, sementes, assim como três características agronômicas. Utilizaram-se vinte e nove cultivares de cafeeiros selecionadas pelo Instituto Agronômico, sendo avaliadas trinta plantas de cada cultivar. Os resultados evidenciaram que apenas com a utilização das características porte, cor do fruto, resistência ao agente da ferrugem, Hemileia vastatrix e ciclo de maturação é possível obter uma discriminação eficiente dos diferentes grupos de cultivares avaliadas. A cor das folhas jovens e o diâmetro da copa revelaram-se importantes descritores na discriminação de cultivares do grupo Mundo Novo. Não foi possível, porém, identificar descritores eficientes na discriminação das cultivares dos grupos Catuaí Vermelho, Catuaí Amarelo e Icatu Vermelho.