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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Coverage plants in the management of skeletal coffee(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2022-06-13) Franco Junior, Kleso Silva; Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida; Calegari, Ademir; Mantovani, José Ricardo; Caixeta, Ivan Franco; Terra, Ana Beatriz CarvalhoCurrently, one of the most used practices in national coffee production is skeletal pruning, to preserve productive capacity, correct plant architecture, minimize the occurrence of diseases, among others. Also, it reduces the plants diameter, exposing the soil to climatic conditions, erosion, loss of moisture and nutrients, negatively affecting the development of coffee. The use of cover plants intercropped with coffee is presented as a technique to avoid and minimize these problems. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of cover crops on the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil and the skeleton coffee tree. The experiment took place at Fazenda Boa Esperança, city of Serrania, South of Minas Gerais, from October/2017 to December/2018, in randomized blocks, composed of 8 treatments with and without cover crops. Three replicates per treatment were used, totaling 24 experimental plots, each with 14 plants, being the 10 central considered useful for evaluation. The cover crops contributed to the improvement of nutrient contents in the soil, maintained a better level of humidity and milder temperatures providing a greater development to the skeletonized coffee. They also positively influence weed control, but none could suppress all plants present in the research.Item Soil attributes and coffee yield in an agroforestry system(Editora UFLA, 2020) Jácome, Máximo Gerardo Ochoa; Mantovani, José Ricardo; Silva, Adriano Bortolotti da; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Landgraf, Paulo Roberto CôrreaCoffee growing in an agroforestry system may provide improvements in soil chemical and physical attributes, increase crop yield and diversify production. However, there are few studies on coffee growing intercropped with high quality wood-producing species such as African mahogany, teak and Australian cedar. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in an agroforestry system, the effect of coffee intercropping with tree species and the density of these species on chemical and physical soil attributes and on coffee yield. The experiment was carried out in Santo Antônio do Amparo, MG, and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 coffee was used in a 3.4x0.7m spacing. A randomized block design with split plots was used, with one additional treatment and 4 replications. The treatments consisted, in the plot, of three tree forest species: Australian cedar, teak and African mahogany, used intercropped with coffee; and, in the subplots, two densities of these forest species: 82 plants ha-1 (13.6 m between rows and 9 m between plants) and 41 plants ha-1 (13.6 m between rows and 18 m between plants). The additional treatment consisted of conventional coffee cultivation growing without intercropping with the tree species. At 64 months after the experiment was set, when the forest species were still under development, soil samples were taken at a depth of 0 to 0.1 m to determine the following chemical attributes: pH in H2O, potential acidity, organic matter content, P-Mehlich, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and base saturation (V%); and physical soil attributes: bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity. Soil temperature at 0.05 m depth and coffee yield were also evaluated. Chemical and physical attributes, besides soil temperature, are similarly influenced with the cultivation of Australian cedar, teak and African mahogany, intercropped with coffee, in both densities, 82 and 41 plants ha-1, after 5 years of implementation of the agroforestry system. Coffee cultivation in agroforestry system with Australian cedar, teak and African mahogany increases the organic matter and P content of the soil, but acidifies the soil and does not influence its physical attributes. The agroforestry system with teak and African mahogany increases coffee yield.Item Sites and sampling tools in the soil fertility evaluation of coffee plants in production(Editora UFLA, 2019-07) Mantovani, José Ricardo; Lima, José Antônio; Garcia, Ciro Pozzi; Rezende, Tiago TeruelIn soil sampling, the collection site and the tool used may induce errors that can compromise the results of the chemical analysis and, consequently, the definition of corrective and fertilizer doses. The objective in this study was to evaluate soil sampling sites and tools in a coffee growing area. The experiment was carried out in a field in the municipality of Alfenas-MG, in a 35-year coffee field. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme and 4 replications, totaling 60 experimental units. The treatments consisted of 3 sampling sites: in the fertilizer strip (located in the projection of the plant canopy); between rows; and in the total area, with 1/3 of the samples collected under the canopy and close to the plant stem, 1/3 in the canopy projection and 1/3 collected between rows; and 5 sampling tools: Dutch auger; screw auger; probe; hoe and drill. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 0.2 m, and each composite sample was obtained by assembling and mixing 20 single samples. At each sampling point, an area of 2m 2 was delimited, in which simple samples were collected in all the evaluated places and with all the tools used. The following parameters were determined in the soil samples: pH in CaCl 2 ; potential acidity (H+Al); organic matter; P, extracted by Mehlich; K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and base saturation. In a coffee-growing area, the fertilizer strip (canopy projection) has topsoil with higher acidity and lower contents of organic matter and nutrients P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ than between rows. The tools used for soil sampling do not influence the results of soil chemical analysis in the coffee-growing area.Item Effect of cover crops and bioactivators in coffee production and chemical properties of soil(Editora UFLA, 2018-10) Franco Junior, Kleso Silva; Terra, Ana Beatriz Carvalho; Teruel, Tiago Rezende; Mantovani, José Ricardo; Florentino, Ligiane AparecidaCoffee cultivation has great socio-economic relevance in Brazil for the employment and income generation and there is currently a constant search for sustainable management techniques. Among them, we can mention the use of cover crops and soil bioactivators. However, studies relating the use of these two techniques are still incipient. Based on this, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the Penergetic® bioactivator associated with different cover crops on chemical properties of soil and coffee productivity. The experiment was carried out in a coffee field with Catuaí Vermelho cultivar IAC 144, in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme 4 (soil cover) x 2 (use or not of the Penergetic® bioactivator), consisting of control (without plant cover); oats (Avena strigosa) + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus ); oats (Avena strigosa) + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus ) + lupine (Lupinus albus) + rye (Secale cereale) + vetch (Vicia sativa); Brachiaria brizantha (Urochloa brizantha), associated or not with the use of the Penergetic® bioactivator. The experiment was conducted for 6 months and after that period, the chemical properties of soil, the nutrient contents of the coffee plants, the development of the branches and the coffee productivity were analyzed. Data were analyzed by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. It was verified the interaction between cover crops and the use of the Penergetic® bioactivator, positively influencing soil chemical characteristics, coffee nutrition and productivity.Item Early growth of coffee plants and soil fertility properties in response to coffee husk application(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Mantovani, José Ricardo; Paula, Deyvid Wilker de; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Silva, Adriano Bortolotti da; Andrade, Paula Cristina Castro; Landgraf, Paulo Roberto CôrreaCoffee processing generates large amounts of husk, which can be used as organic fertilizer if technical criteria are considered. This study investigated the effect of coffee husk, applied to or incorporated into the soil, on soil fertility properties, early crop growth and nutrient accumulation in coffee plants. The experiment analyzed coffee plants in a greenhouse in pots, in randomized blocks, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement plus a control treatment, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of five coffee husk rates (3.5; 7; 14; 28, and 56 t ha-1 ), applied in two forms: spread on the surface or incorporated into the soil, plus the control treatment, without husk application. Portions of 7 dm 3 soil were blended with lime, phosphate fertilizer, as well as coffee husk rates in the treatments with residue incorporation, and incubated for 30 days. Thereafter, one coffee seedling per plot was planted, the coffee husk rates were applied on the soil surface for the treatments without residue incorporation, and the plants were left to grow for 180 days. Coffee husk applied to or incorporated into the soil surface increases the K and organic matter contents of the soil, intensifies the early growth of coffee plants and accelerates N and K accumulation in the plant shoots. The application of coffee husk on the surface is more indicated than its incorporation into the soil, and the best rate at coffee planting is equivalent to 20 t ha-1 .Item Nitrogen fertilizers and occurrence of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet) in transplanted coffee seedlings(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Sabino, Paulo Henrique de Siqueira; Reis Júnior, Francisco Ailton dos; Carvalho, Geraldo Andrade; Mantovani, José RicardoThe coffee leaf-miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the main pests of coffee plants in Brazil. Its occurrence in the crop is directly related to the physiological state and growth characteristics of coffee plants, in turn related to plant nutrition. The present work, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on the occurrence of CLM in coffee seedlings. The fertilizers used were ammonium sulfate, urea, and organomineral. The number of leaves mined by CLM and the relative contents of chlorophyll and crude protein in the leaves were recorded. Ammonium sulfate and urea favored higher occurrence of leaves mined and organomineral fertilizer provided the lowest incidence of leaves mined by CLM. The three sources of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content, but only ammonium sulfate caused an increased percentage of crude protein in the leaves of coffee seedlings. For the improvement of management strategies for L. coffeella it is fundamental to understand favorable conditions, nutritional management it is one of the pest control mechanisms, thus making it possible to control the insect and prevent the population of CLM from reaching an economic damage threshold.Item Mapeamento da produtividade do cafeeiro a partir de modelos matemáticos de previsão de safra(Editora UFLA, 2016-01) Rocha, Hélio Gallo; Silva, Adriano Bortolotti da; Nogueira, Denismar Alves; Miranda, José Messias; Mantovani, José RicardoEstimar corretamente a produção futura da safra de café auxilia os setores públicos e privados, na tomada de decisão em diversos âmbitos do planejamento e evitam especulações com esta “commodity”, que podem afetar negativamente o setor. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso da geoestatística aplicada à estimativa de safra em dois modelos matemáticos, que utilizaram como parâmetros índices fenológicos na cultura do café (Coffea arabica L.). O experimento foi realizado em área de 1 ha, com a cultivar de café Catuai Vermelho IAC-144, idade de 5 anos. Nesta área, foram coletados 50 pontos amostrais. A estimação de produção e a obtenção da produção real ocorreram no ano de 2013. Procedeu-se à análise das diferenças (resíduos) entre a produção observada (PO) e a produção pelos modelos estimadores, propostos por: Fahl et al. (2005) (M1) e Miranda, Reinato e Silva (2014) (M2). Para estimar o semivariograma teórico, foi utilizado o método dos quadrados mínimos ordinários. Nas condições nas quais esta pesquisa foi conduzida, pode-se afirmar que todos os atributos apresentaram dependência espacial, sendo possível a distinção entre áreas com maior e menor variabilidade, observadas através dos mapas de krigagem. Pela análise da estatística descrita e geoestatística, foi possível verificar que o modelo M2 demonstrou ser superior ao M1, podendo ser empregado para estimativa de produtividade de safra do cafeeiro por produtores e empresas que comercializam no mercado futuro.Item Levantamento de emissão de gases de efeito estufa pela metodologia do carbono equivalente na cultura do cafeeiro(Editora UFLA, 2015-10) Oliveira Júnior, Geraldo Gomes de; Silva, Adriano Bortolotti da; Mantovani, José Ricardo; Miranda, José Messias; Florentino, Ligiane AparecidaA cultura do cafeeiro é uma das principais atividades do sul de Minas Gerais. Na produção do café ocorrem emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) de diferentes fontes. A realização de um Inventário de Emissões de GEE é fundamental para que uma propriedade cafeeira possa avaliar como as suas atividades impactam o meio ambiente em relação a estas emissões. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, identificar, inventariar e quantificar as principais fontes emissoras de GEE na cultura do café, no sul de Minas Gerais, e convertê-las em carbono equivalente (CO2 eq), por hectare. O inventário foi realizado utilizando-se parâmetros do GHG Protocol, Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia e dados do IPCC. O inventário demonstrou que os principais GEE gerados na cafeicultura corresponderam a 2,13 tCO2 eq ha-1 , sendo que o consumo de adubos nitrogenados contribuiu com 1,01 tCO2 eq ha-1 (47,5%), o calcário com 0,65 tCO2 eq ha-1 (30,8%), os combustíveis fósseis com 0,35 tCO2 eq ha-1 (16,9%), o GLP residencial 0,049 tCO2 eq ha-1 (2,3%) e o consumo de energia elétrica 0,050 tCO2 eq ha-1 (2,4%).Item Levantamento da fertilidade do solo de lavouras cafeeiras em produção, no sul de Minas Gerais(Editora UFLA, 2013-07) Figueiredo, Vanessa Castro; Mantovani, José Ricardo; Leal, Renata Moreira; Miranda, José MessiasO Brasil é importante produtor e exportador de café, e o principal polo cafeeiro encontra-se na região sul de Minas Gerais. Apesar de bem estudado na cultura do café, resultados de pesquisa em fertilidade do solo vêm apontado alguns problemas, sobretudo em relação ao excesso de K + no solo. Objetivou-se, nesse trabalho, realizar levantamento para verificar as condições de fertilidade do solo em áreas ocupadas por cafeeiro em produção, baseado em dados atuais e localizados no sul de Minas Gerais. Para avaliação da fertilidade do solo das lavouras cafeeiras, foram obtidas 2.406 análises químicas de rotina, referentes à camada superficial (0 a 20cm), no Laboratório da Cooperativa Regional de Cafeicultores em Guaxupé, Ltda. (COOXUPÉ), nos anos de 2007 e 2008. Os atributos químicos utilizados para avaliação da fertilidade do solo das lavouras cafeeiras foram: acidez ativa (pH CaCl 2 ), P disponível extraído com resina, bases trocáveis (K + , Ca 2+ e Mg 2+ ), acidez trocável (Al 3+ ) e índice de saturação por bases (V%). Verificou-se que o P-disponível, o pH e a saturação por bases são os atributos de fertilidade da camada arável que se encontram em piores condições e que os teores de Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ e Al 3+ do solo, da camada superficial da maioria das áreas avaliadas, estão adequados para o cultivo de cafeeiro. A maioria das áreas avaliadas possui teores elevados de K + no solo, possivelmente em função do uso rotineiro de formulações comerciais com altos teores do nutrientes, sem levar em consideração os resultados de análise de solo.