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Item Chemical attributes of an Oxisol with the addition of conilon coffee straw biochar(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2023) Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Mosa, Lázaro LongueThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing rates of biochar produced with coffee straw, at two pyrolysis temperatures, on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and on the nutrient content of coffee tree leaves. Treatments consisted of pyrolysis at two temperatures (350 and 600 °C) and of five biochar rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: pH in water; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents; effective and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC); sum of bases (SB); base (V) and aluminium (m) saturation; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the leaves. The biochar produced at 600°C, at rates of 10 and 15 Mg ha-1, promoted a greater K release into the soil. Regardless of temperature, coffee straw biochar increased K and P availability, sum of bases, base saturation, and CEC in the soil, but did not influence macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. The addition of increasing rates of coffee straw biochar in the soil increases P, K, Mg, SB, CEC, and V, regardless of pyrolysis temperature.Item Chemical attributes of an Oxisol with the addition of conilon coffee straw biochar(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2023-05-19) Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Mosa, Lázaro LongueThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing rates of biochar produced with coffee straw, at two pyrolysis temperatures, on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and on the nutrient content of coffee tree leaves. Treatments consisted of pyrolysis at two temperatures (350 and 600°C) and of five biochar rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: pH in water; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents; effective and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC); sum of bases (SB); base (V) and aluminium (m) saturation; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the leaves. The biochar produced at 600°C, at rates of 10 and 15 Mg ha-1, promoted a greater K release into the soil. Regardless of temperature, coffee straw biochar increased K and P availability, sum of bases, base saturation, and CEC in the soil, but did not influence macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. The addition of increasing rates of coffee straw biochar in the soil increases P, K, Mg, SB, CEC, and V, regardless of pyrolysis temperature.Item Effect of tropical millipede Rhinocricus botocudus in the degradation and maturity of coffee residues(Editora UFLA, 2021) Silva, Victor Maurício da; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Marin, Ericka Broetto; Mendonça, Eduardo de SáIn Brazil, approximately 3 tons of dry mass per hectare of coffee residues (CR), formed by leaves and branches <5 mm in diameter, were accumulated around the crops in the last harvests of the semi-mechanized crops. Thus, the production of substrates and organic fertilizers from the bioconversion of residues of coffee activity is an important theme in Brazil and in the world. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the tropical millipede Rhinocricus botocudus on the degradation and maturity of coffee residues (CR). The presence or absence of R. botocudus were tested in five sampling times (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days) with three replicates (n = 3). The analyzed variables were: total C and N contents, lignin, cellulose, soluble C and N, soluble polyphenols, C of humic substances, and infrared analysis of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA). At the final incubation stage (120 days), the lowest values of cellulose, cellulose/lignin, and polyphenols occurred with R. botocudus. Infrared analysis of HA demonstrated that readily biode gradable structures, such as alcohols and short chain aliphatic molecules, were decomposed over time, consequently reflecting the increase of aromatic structures of greater stability. Compared to the control, these changes in HA were more evident in the presence of R. botocudus. The results of the present study suggest that this millipede species modify the dynamics of degradation and humification of CR by accelerating the maturity of this residue.Item Carbon balance in organic conilon coffee intercropped with tree species and banana(Sociedade de Investigações Florestais, 2020) Silva, Diego Mathias Natal da; Heitor, Letícia Célia; Candido, Aildosn de Oliveira; Moraes, Bárbara Santos Antônio de; Souza, Gustavo Soares de; Araújo, João Batista Silva; Mendonça, Eduardo de SáOver the last decade, conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) in consortium with wood trees has been established to improve environmental conditions. Little is known about how individual wood trees and banana affect soil quality when intercropped with conilon coffee. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping organic conilon coffee with different wood tree species and banana on C balance. Five cultivation systems including conilon coffee monoculture and intercropped with Inga edulis, Gliricidia sepium, BRS Japira banana (Musa sp.), or Bactris gasipaes were studied in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates at the south of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. A primary forest fragment adjacent to the experiment was also evaluated for comparison with the consortium. Samples of topsoil (0 to 10 cm) were collected in 2016 to evaluate the total organic C and total N. Soil temperature and moisture at 0 to 5 cm depth and the CO2 emission were measured monthly over one year. The species planted with the conilon coffee promoted a 5.52% decrease in the soil temperature and a 17% increase in the soil moisture content. They also promoted an increase in annual C balance, especially intercropped with Gliricidia and Inga (4.70 and 3.56 Mg ha-1, respectively), with a substantial increase in the soil total organic C and total N in both systems.Item Yield and nutritional status of the conilon coffee tree in organic fertilizer systems(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2013-10) Silva, Victor Maurício da; Teixeira, Alex Fabian Rabelo; Reis, Edvaldo Fialho dos; Mendonça, Eduardo de SáThe conilon coffee tree presents high yield potential, the replacement of soil nutrients usually being by the use of mineral fertilizers. To reduce these fertilizers, the use of organic waste may be an alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer systems on the nutritional status and yield of the conilon coffee tree. On a farm, located in the town of Linhares, Espirito Santo, during the agricultural year of 2009/2010, a trial was set up using a completely randomized block design with a factorial distribution of 2 x 2 x 5 and three replications, the factors being: organic compost (compost 1 and compost 2 ); legumes (the presence and absence of jack beans, sown between the rows of coffee trees); and the proportions of each compost (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%) as a substitute for the recommended mineral fertilizer. The increase in the proportion of compost 2 was reflected as increases in the P content of the leaves due to the higher concentration of this nutrient in the compost. The increase in compost input increased the S content of the leaves as a response to the increase in soil pH. Maximum values of 61 and 66 sacks ha-1 were obtained with substitutions (mineral source by organic) in the proportion of 40 and 37% for compost 1 and compost 2 respectively. The use of organic-waste composts is an alternative as a partial replacement of mineral fertilizers in the conilon coffee tree, resulting in increases in yield.Item Nutrient release from green manure under different sun-exposed faces(Editora UFLA, 2018-04) Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Moura, Waldenia de Melo; Guimarães, Gabriel Pinto; Burak, Diego LangThe evaluation of the decomposition of plant residues added to the soil for green manures allows better understanding of the nutrient supply for coffee. The aim of this study was to determine the decomposition constant (κ), the half- lifetime (t 1/2 ) and the nutrient release from legumes and spontaneous plant under two environmental conditions of sun-exposure in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state. The experimental unit located in Araponga has northwest sun-exposure face and the experimental unit located in Pedra Dourada has the south sun-exposure face. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 2 x 8 x 6 factorial (two environments facing sun-exposure, 8 green manures and 6 residue decomposition assessment times), with four replicates. The results showed that κ and t 1/2 of the evaluated green manures did not differ between the northwestern face (highest altitude, temperature and incident light) and the south face (lower altitude, temperature and incident light). The κ difference obtained between all green manures was due to its chemical and biochemical composition. At the end of the evaluation period of 240 days an average of 62,3 and 63,1% N; 99,4 and 99,5% P and 92,8 and 93,3% K were released from the green manures of the northwest and south faces respectively. The most promising legume in the total nutrients release on the northwest face was D. lablab with 74,6; 10,9 and 69,0 kg ha-1 of N, P and K, respectively. To the south face the most promising legume was C. spectabilis with 69,1; 10,4 and 47,9 kg ha-1 of N, P and K, respectively.Item Decomposition and nutrient release of leguminous plants in coffee agroforestry systems(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2011-01) Matos, Eduardo da Silva; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Cardoso, Irene Maria; Lima, Paulo César de; Freese, DirkLeguminous plants used as green manure are an important nutrient source for coffee plantations, especially for soils with low nutrient levels. Field experiments were conducted in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Brazil to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release rates of four leguminous species used as green manures (Arachis pintoi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Stizolobium aterrimum and Stylosanthes guianensis) in a coffee agroforestry system under two different climate conditions. The initial N contents in plant residues varied from 25.7 to 37.0 g kg -1 and P from 2.4 to 3.0 g kg -1 . The lignin/N, lignin/polyphenol and (lignin+polyphenol)/N ratios were low in all residues studied. Mass loss rates were highest in the first 15 days, when 25 % of the residues were decomposed. From 15 to 30 days, the decomposition rate decreased on both farms. On the farm in Pedra Dourada (PD), the decomposition constant k increased in the order C. mucunoides < S. aterrimum < S. guianensis < A. pintoi. On the farm in Araponga (ARA), there was no difference in the decomposition rate among leguminous plants. The N release rates varied from 0.0036 to 0.0096 d -1 . Around 32 % of the total N content in the plant material was released in the first 15 days. In ARA, the N concentration in the S. aterrimum residues was always significantly higher than in the other residues. At the end of 360 days, the N released was 78 % in ARA and 89 % in PD of the initial content. Phosphorus was the most rapidly released nutrient (k values from 0.0165 to 0.0394 d -1 ). Residue decomposition and nutrient release did not correlate with initial residue chemistry and biochemistry, but differences in climatic conditions between the two study sites modified the decomposition rate constants.Item Qualidade da matéria orgânica de solos sob cultivo de café consórciado com adubos verdes(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-11) Coelho, Marino Salgarello; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Lima, Paulo César de; Guimarães, Gabriel Pinto; Cardoso, Irene MariaO aporte de resíduos orgânicos, associado ao processo de humificação, promove melhoria dos atributos do solo e garante ao agricultor a manutenção do sistema produtivo. As leguminosas visam, além do fornecimento de nutrientes para o café, melhorar a qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo com a formação das substâncias húmicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do uso de leguminosas, como adubo verde, na qualidade das substâncias húmicas em solos sob café em duas condições edafoclimáticas na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Foram cultivados amendoim forrageiro, calopogônio, estilosantes, mucuna e espécies espontâneas durante quatro anos, em duas propriedades de agricultores familiares. Após quatro anos, realizaram-se a coleta de solo, extração e purificação das SH para obtenção dos ácidos fúlvicos (AFs) e húmicos (AHs). Foram realizadas análise elementar (CHNO), UV-visível, infravermelho e termogravimetria do material purificado. Os resultados evidenciaram que os AHs possuem maior peso molecular, hidrofobicidade, condensação, e compostos aromáticos com maior teor de C, conferindo maior estabilidade estrutural em relação aos AFs. O ambiente voltado para a face sul, com menor incidência de luz, menor temperatura e maior umidade, possui substâncias húmicas estruturalmente mais estáveis e resistentes à degradação do que as extraídas de solo voltado para o noroeste. O tratamento com calopogônio apresentou baixo teor de C e elevado teor de O na composição dos AFs, caracterizando compostos de menor estabilidade estrutural em relação aos AFs, sob os tratamentos com estilosantes, mucuna e espontâneas. Nos AHs, o uso das leguminosas apresentaram resultados semelhantes.Item Green manure in coffee systems in the region of Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais: characteristics and kinetics of carbon and nitrogen mineralization(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2008-09) Matos, Eduardo da Silva; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Lima, Paulo César de; Coelho, Marino Salgarello; Mateus, Renato Faria; Cardoso, Irene MariaThe use of green manure may contribute to reduce soil erosion and increase the soil organic matter content and N availability in coffee plantations in the Zona da Mata, State of Minas Gerais, in Southeastern Brazil. The potential of four legumes (A. pintoi, C. mucunoides, S. aterrimum and S. guianensis) to produce above-ground biomass, accumulate nutrients and mineralize N was studied in two coffee plantations of subsistence farmers under different climate conditions. The biomass production of C. mucunoides was influenced by the shade of the coffee plantation. C. mucunoides tended to mineralize more N than the other legumes due to the low polyphenol content and polyphenol/N ratio. In the first year, the crop establishment of A. pintoi in the area took longer than of the other legumes, resulting in lower biomass production and N 2 fixation. In the long term, cellulose was the main factor controlling N mineralization. The biochemical characteristics, nutrient accumulation and biomass production of the legumes were greatly influenced by the altitude and position of the area relative to the sun.Item Soil aggregation and organic carbon of oxisols under coffee in agroforestry systems(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014-01) Guimarães, Gabriel Pinto; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe VazIntensive land use can lead to a loss of soil physical quality with negative impacts on soil aggregates, resistance to root penetration, porosity, and bulk density. Organic and agroforestry management systems can represent sustainable, well- balanced alternatives in the agroecosystem for promoting a greater input of organic matter than the conventional system. Based on the hypothesis that an increased input of organic matter improves soil physical quality, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of coffee production systems on soil physical properties in two Red- Yellow Oxisols (Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos) in the region of Caparaó, Espirito Santo, Brazil. On Farm 1, we evaluated the following systems: primary forest (Pf1), organic coffee (Org1) and conventional coffee (Con1). On Farm 2, we evaluated: secondary forest (Sf2), organic coffee intercropped with inga (Org/In2), organic coffee intercropped with leucaena and inga (Org/In/Le2), organic coffee intercropped with cedar (Org/Ced2) and unshaded conventional coffee (Con2). Soil samples were collected under the tree canopy from the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. Under organic and agroforestry coffee management, soil aggregation was higher than under conventional coffee. In the agroforestry system, the degree of soil flocculation was 24 % higher, soil moisture was 80 % higher, and soil resistance to penetration was lower than in soil under conventional coffee management. The macroaggregates in the organic systems, Org/In2, Org/In/ Le2, and Org/Ced2 contained, on average, 29.1, 40.1 and 34.7 g kg -1 organic carbon, respectively. These levels are higher than those found in the unshaded conventional system (Con2), with 20.2 g kg -1 .