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URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
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Item Reduction of frost damage to coffee trees under agroforestry systems(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-10-03) Santoro, Patricia Helena; Morais, Heverly; Kitzberger, Cintia Sorane GoodFrosts affect coffee production in Brazil, with effects on commodity prices around the world. Agroforestry systems are strategies to reduce the effects of frost on coffee trees. To date, this study has evaluated the largest number of tree species in coffee tree AFSs in Brazil in the same experiment. The objective was to identify tree species that can protect coffee trees against frost damage in agroforestry systems. The study was conducted in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Each treatment consisted of coffee trees associated with one of the following tree species: Moringa oleifera, Croton floribundus, Trema micrantha, Gliricidia sepium, Senna macranthera, Heliocarpus popayanensis, and Mimosa scabrella, as well as a control of coffee trees in monoculture. The experimental area was affected by frost that damaged the coffee plants fifteen months after planting. Immediately thereafter, the dendrometric characteristics of the trees were evaluated. After 30 days, the defoliation and mortality of the trees were evaluated. The phytometric characteristics of the coffee trees were evaluated 12 months after the frosts. Six of the seven tree species were evaluated for the first time for their ability to protect coffee trees against frost. Even at an early stage of development, T. micrantha and H. popayanensis provided increased protection of coffee trees, reducing the defoliation and mortality of coffee trees. The main protective factor was the canopy area of these species, which provided a high rate of tree cover. The development of coffee trees after frosts was favoured by the shading of the species, with the exception of M. scabrella. The AFSs with T. micrantha and H. popayanensis constitute an alternative that allows the mitigation of frost damage to coffee plants in regions prone to this climatic stress, reducing defoliation and mortality.Item Coffee crops adaptation to climate change in agroforestry systems with rubber trees in southern Brazil(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2022-04-13) Zaro, Geovanna Cristina; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Wrege, Marcos Silveira; Caldana, Nathan Felipe da Silva; Virgens Filho, Jorim Sousa das; Morais, Heverly; Yada Junior, George Mitsuo; Caramori, Daniel CamposAdaptation to climate change is a strategy for crops to cope with the scenario of rising temperatures worldwide. In the case of Coffea arabica L., the use of agroforestry systems (AFS) with woody species is a promising practice to reduce excessive heat during the day. This study aimed to 1) evaluate air temperature changes that occur in an AFS of coffee and double alleys of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müell. Arg.) and 2) carry out an analysis of future warming scenarios by comparing the cultivation of Arabic coffee in full sun and in an AFS of double alleys of rubber trees. The microclimatic variables were measured between two rows of coffee trees at 1.0 m of height from June 2016 to June 2018. The results indicate that the AFS with double alleys of rubber trees spaced 16 m apart had an average temperature reduction from 1.4 to 2.5 °C from 10h00 to 16h00. The study also simulated temperature increases of 1.7, 2.6, 3.1, and 4.8 °C from 2018 to 2099, according to scenarios predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the impact in coffee production in Paraná State, Brazil. Using the climatic generator PGECLIMA_R, simulations suggest a progressive reduction of traditional areas suitable for open-grown coffee in the state. Production conditions can be maintained through the AFS, since the systems attenuate mean temperatures by 1-2 °C. We conclude that the AFS of coffee and rubber trees contribute to coffee crop adaptations to a future warmer environment.Item Modifications on leaf anatomy of Coffea arabica caused by shade of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2004-11) Morais, Heverly; Medri, Moacyr Eurípedes; Marur, Celso Jamil; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Ribeiro, Ana Maria de Arruda; Gomes, José CarlosModifications on leaf anatomy in Coffea arabica shaded with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), compared to cultivation under full sun, were assessed. The leaves fully exposed to sunlight presented thicker cuticles and cellular walls, narrower epidermis cells, palisade parenchyma with longer cells, thicker lacunar parenchyma, fewer intercellular spaces and a larger stomata number. Leaves under dense shade presented a narrower cuticle and cellular wall; a mesophyll with smaller volume, but with larger intercellular spaces; and epidermis with thicker cells and a smaller stomata amount, surrounded by subsidiary cells of smaller dimensions. Plants grown under full sunlight presented higher values of net photosynthesis. The results evidenced that the species C. arabica has a wide range of phenotypic adaptation to changes in the radiation intensity.Item Coffee leaf miner incidence and its predation by wasp in coffee intercropped with rubber trees(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Androcioli, Humberto Godoy; Hoshino, Adriano Thibes; Menezes Júnior, Ayres de Oliveira; Morais, Heverly; Bianco, Rodolfo; Caramori, Paulo HenriqueThe coffee leaf miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella has a wide distribution and causes significant losses in coffee plantations (Coffea spp.) in Brazil. Its occurrence can be mitigated in intercropped systems, with the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis ) adapting well to the consortium, while also providing extra income to the producer. We aimed to determine whether the afforestation influences the microclimate and affects the leaf miner incidence and its predation by wasp in coffee plants intercropped with rubber trees. The study was undertaken in state of Paraná, Brazil, using coffee plants intercropped with rubber trees planted in double rows (alleys) spaced at 13, 16 and 22 m between alleys, and compared to sole cropping coffee plots. From January 2008 to November 2010, the presence of CLM’s lesions including those with signs of wasp predation was monitored in coffee plants intercropped with rubber trees and in the non-consorted coffee. A higher CLM’s incidence was verified in monoculture coffee plots, while coffee plants located under and two meters away from rubber trees had the lowest incidences. CLM’s incidence in intercropping system got higher as it increased distance from the trees. The number of lesions with signs of predation by wasps was positively correlated with the number CLM’s lesions, indicating a density-dependent predator-prey relationship. The coffee plants intercropped with alley rubber trees reduce the CLM’s occurrence and can be a management’s tactic for this economically important pest.Item Sombreamento de cafeeiros durante o desenvolvimento das gemas florais e seus efeitos sobre a frutificação e produção(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009-03) Morais, Heverly; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Koguishi, Mirian Sei; Gomes, José Carlos; Ribeiro, Ana Maria de ArrudaO objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sombreamento, durante o período de desenvolvimento de gemas florais, sobre o desenvolvimento e maturação dos frutos, produção e tamanho dos grãos de Coffea arabica L. O experimento foi conduzido com cafeeiros adultos no Município de Londrina, os quais foram sombreados nos meses de abril, maio, junho, julho e agosto de 2004, com malhas de sombrite com 50% de sombreamento. As coberturas foram retiradas, simultaneamente, no início de outubro do mesmo ano. A interceptação de 50% da radiação incidente sobre o dossel dos cafeeiros em diferentes épocas do desenvolvimento de gemas florais não alterou o crescimento e o desenvolvimento dos frutos. As altas temperaturas e a deficiência hídrica anteciparam a maturação dos frutos, porém sem diferenças significativas nos estádios de maturação entre os tratamentos. O sombreamento, em diferentes épocas, também não afetou a produção e o tamanho dos grãos.Item Características fisiológicas e de crescimento de cafeeiro sombreado com guandu e cultivado a pleno sol(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2003-10) Morais, Heverly; Marur, Celso Jamil; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Ribeiro, Ana Maria de Arruda; Gomes, José CarlosO conhecimento dos efeitos do sombreamento sobre a fisiologia de cafeeiros é importante para se determinar níveis ótimos de radiação e temperatura, bem como para subsidiar estudos sobre o crescimento de plantas sombreadas, a fim de determinar a arquitetura ideal do cafeeiro que maximize a captura da radiação solar disponível em ambientes sombreados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características fisiológicas e de crescimento de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) cultivados sob sombreamento denso com guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) e a pleno sol. O baixo nível de radiação incidente sobre os cafeeiros sombreados com guandu resultou em decréscimos na taxa fotossintética e na transpiração, maior altura de planta, folhas maiores e com menor quantidade de matéria seca. Esses resultados indicam que o excesso de sombra afeta drasticamente a fisiologia e morfologia de C. arabica.Item Microclimatic characterization and productivity of coffee plants grown under shade of pigeon pea in Southern Brazil(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2006-05) Morais, Heverly; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Ribeiro, Ana Maria de Arruda; Gomes, José Carlos; Koguishi, Mirian SeiRecent studies on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivation in agroforestry systems in Southern Brazil have shown the potential of partial shading to improve management of this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate microclimatic conditions and their effects on coffee production of plants shaded with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in comparison to unshaded ones, from May 2001 to August 2002 in Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil. The appraised microclimatic characteristics were: global radiation, photosynthetic and radiation balance; air, leaf and soil temperatures; and soil humidity. Shading caused significant reduction in incident global solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation and net radiation, and attenuated maximum leaf, air and soil temperatures, during the day. Shade also reduced the rate of cooling of night air and leaf temperatures, especially during nights with radiative frost. Soil moisture at 0–10 cm depth was higher under shade. The shaded coffee plants produced larger cherries due to slower maturation, resulting in larger bean size. Nevertheless, plants under shade emitted less plagiotropic branches, with smaller number of nodes per branch, and fewer nodes with fruits, resulting in a large reduction in coffee production. These results show the need to find an optimal tree density and management that do not compromise coffee production and protect against extreme temperatures.Item Desenvolvimento de gemas florais, florada, fotossíntese e produtividade de cafeeiros em condições de sombreamento(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2008-04) Morais, Heverly; Marur, Celso Jamil; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Koguishi, Mirian Sei; Gomes, José Carlos; Ribeiro, Ana Maria de ArrudaO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sombreamento, durante o período de desenvolvimento floral, sobre as gemas florais, florada, fotossíntese e produtividade de cafeeiros. Cafeeiros adultos IAPAR 59 cultivados em Londrina, PR, foram sombreados em diferentes épocas, com malhas de sombrite com 50% de porosidade, e comparados com cafeeiros cultivados a pleno sol. As coberturas foram colocadas sobre as plantas em intervalos mensais, de abril a agosto, e retiradas no início de outubro. A densidade e o período de sombreamento não tiveram influência sobre a quantidade de nós, em cada estádio de desenvolvimento da gema floral, época e intensidade da florada, fotossíntese e produtividade dos cafeeiros, o que indica que a interceptação de até 50% da radiação, incidente no período de abril a agosto, época de desenvolvimento floral, não afeta o potencial produtivo desta cultura.Item Escala fenológica detalhada da fase reprodutiva de Coffea arabica(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2008-01) Morais, Heverly; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Koguishi, Mirian Sei; Ribeiro, Ana Maria de ArrudaNeste trabalho se propõe uma escala fenológica detalhada para identificar e caracterizar visualmente todas as fases de desenvolvimento reprodutivo do cafeeiro. O estudo foi realizado em condições de campo com a cultivar IAPAR 59, no período de maio de 2004 a maio de 2005 em Londrina, PR (23º23' S, 50º11' W, 610 m). Periodicamente, foram realizadas medições de crescimento e caracterização evolutiva da morfologia externa das gemas florais, flores e frutos dos ramos plagiotrópicos, em intervalos variados durante todo o ciclo reprodutivo. Na escala proposta, o desenvolvimento reprodutivo do cafeeiro foi dividido em quatro grandes fases: Desenvolvimento da gema floral (G), Floração (FL), Frutificação (F) e Maturação (M). As fases G e F foram subdivididas tendo como parâmetro tamanho das gemas e dos frutos, variando de G1 até G6 e F1 até F6. Para descrever a maturação, os frutos foram classificados pela coloração: M1-verde; M2 - verde-cana; M3 -vermelho-claro (cereja); M4 - vermelho-escuro (passa) e M5 - preto (seco). A escala proposta pode subsidiar estudos de crescimento, produtividade e manejo da lavoura cafeeira.