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URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
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Item Early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes at the seedling stage using functional divergence(Escola de Agronomia - UFG, 2022-08-15) Reis, André Moraes; Mendes, Antônio Nazareno Guimarães; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Silva, Vânia AparecidaThe development of more drought-tolerant cultivars is essential for the maintenance of global agricultural production. This study aimed to perform an early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes by evaluating their functional divergence using morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses. Seedlings of 14 genotypes were subjected to the drought stress imposed by irrigation for 18 days. Growth and anatomical parameters, leaf water potential and gas exchanges were measured. Under irrigated conditions and prolonged drought (18 days), the divergence among the genotypes was determined mainly by morphological traits, such as leaf area, stem diameter and, consequently, shoot dry mass. Under moderate drought (14 days), parameters such as water potential, cuticle thickness, stomatal density, number of xylem vessels and water-use efficiency were important for the divergence of the group with the highest ability to maintain its water status. The genotypes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12 have characteristics that contributed to the maintenance of water status, such as greater cuticle thickness, stomatal density, smaller number of xylem vessels and phloem thickness, bigger root length and greater water-use efficiency. The functional divergence combining morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses in response to the moderate drought indicated the early selection of the genotypes 1, 2,4, 11 and 12 as more drought tolerant during the seedling stage.Item Adaptations to the drought season and impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree in the Minas Gerais State Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna)(Escola de Agronomia - UFG, 2022-09-02) Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Freitas, Ana Flávia de; Silva, Glauber Henrique Barbosa da; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Silva, Vânia AparecidaClimate change threatens the survival of commercial crops due to their narrow genetic base. One of the alternatives is the identification of plants with potential for abiotic stress tolerance. This study aimed to verify the physiological and anatomical adaptations to the drought period and the impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree accessions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, being seven genotypes (UFV 377-21, UFV 377-21, UFV 442-42, BE 5 Wush-Wush x UFV 366-08, UFV 428-02, UFV 376-31 and UFV 427-55) and two seasonal periods (dry and rainy), with two replications. The stomatal conductance; predawn water potential; levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde; activity of the enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate oxidase; ascorbate content; cuticle thickness of the adaxial surface and leaf lamina; stomatal density; ratio between polar and equatorial diameter; phloem area; area, diameter and frequency of xylem vessels; relative hydraulic conductivity; vulnerability index; and yield were evaluated. The results showed acclimatization of the accessions to the dry period, with some of them maintaining higher water potential values in the predawn; induction of the antioxidant system with the increase in the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme and ascorbate levels; increase in the cuticle and leaf lamina thickness; and a higher ratio between polar and equatorial diameters. Most of the evaluated accessions showed a good productive performance, especially the ‘UFV 377-21’, ‘UFV 442-42’ and ‘UFV 376-31’, with adaptations to the dry period and yield potential.Item Physiological and ultrastructural analysis reveal the absence of a defined abscission zone in coffee fruits(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2016-10) Brandão, Isabel Rodrigues; Silva, Dayane Meireles da; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Vilas Boas, Lissa Vasconcellos; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Alves, Jose DonizetiIn order to investigate the existence of a possible abscission zone in the binding region between the peduncle and the coffee fruit, as well as the biochemical events involved in fruit ripening, we studied peduncles and fruits of Coffea arabica L. cv. “Icatu amarelo”. Coffee fruits were harvested at different maturation stages by using specific intervals of detachment force. It was observed a breakdown in the cells of the connecting region between peduncles and fruits throughout the maturation process. This disruption is probably caused by increased activity of the cell wall-loosening enzymes (polygalacturonase and cellulase) as well as by higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the final maturation stages. In general, physiological differences between maturation stages were observed and can largely explain the different detachment forces required at different stages. In conclusion, there is no clear abscission zone between the peduncle and the coffee fruit cv. “Icatu amarelo”. Nevertheless, the decrease in the detachment force throughout the maturation process can occur due to the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes together with increased oxidative stress during the fruit ripening.Item Metabolismo da sacarose em cafeeiros submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamento(Editora UFLA, 2014-10) Baliza, Danielle Pereira; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Alves, José Donizeti; Guimarães, Rubens José; Cunha, Rodrigo Luz daObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a atividade das enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo da sacarose e os níveis de carboidratos no endosperma de frutos de cafeeiros submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo cinco níveis de sombreamento (pleno sol, 35, 50, 65 e 90% de sombra) e três estádios de desenvolvimento dos frutos (cereja, verde cana e verde). As variáveis analisadas foram as atividades das enzimas sacarose fosfato sintase (SPS), sacarose sintase (SuSy) e invertase ácida e, o conteúdo de açúcares solúveis totais, sacarose e glicose. O sombreamento, a partir de 50%, aumentou a atividade das enzimas invertase ácida e SuSy nos estádios verde cana e cereja. Em relação à SPS o sombreamento não alterou a sua atividade, sendo os maiores valores encontrados nos estádios verde cana e cereja. Os níveis de sombreamento até 65 % apresentaram os maiores teores de açúcares solúveis totais e sacarose nos estádios tardios de maturação, enquanto que a 90 % de sombreamento, os maiores valores foram encontrados nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento do fruto. O teor de glicose foi maior no estádio verde de maturação até o nível de 50 % de sombreamento, a partir do qual houve uma redução nos valores da glicose com o aumento do sombreamento. Assim, verifica-se que o sombreamento a partir de 50%, provavelmente modifica o desenvolvimento do fruto por alterar o metabolismo da sacarose no endosperma, prolongando o período de maturação.