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URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
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Item Early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes at the seedling stage using functional divergence(Escola de Agronomia - UFG, 2022-08-15) Reis, André Moraes; Mendes, Antônio Nazareno Guimarães; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Silva, Vânia AparecidaThe development of more drought-tolerant cultivars is essential for the maintenance of global agricultural production. This study aimed to perform an early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes by evaluating their functional divergence using morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses. Seedlings of 14 genotypes were subjected to the drought stress imposed by irrigation for 18 days. Growth and anatomical parameters, leaf water potential and gas exchanges were measured. Under irrigated conditions and prolonged drought (18 days), the divergence among the genotypes was determined mainly by morphological traits, such as leaf area, stem diameter and, consequently, shoot dry mass. Under moderate drought (14 days), parameters such as water potential, cuticle thickness, stomatal density, number of xylem vessels and water-use efficiency were important for the divergence of the group with the highest ability to maintain its water status. The genotypes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12 have characteristics that contributed to the maintenance of water status, such as greater cuticle thickness, stomatal density, smaller number of xylem vessels and phloem thickness, bigger root length and greater water-use efficiency. The functional divergence combining morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses in response to the moderate drought indicated the early selection of the genotypes 1, 2,4, 11 and 12 as more drought tolerant during the seedling stage.Item Adaptations to the drought season and impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree in the Minas Gerais State Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna)(Escola de Agronomia - UFG, 2022-09-02) Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Freitas, Ana Flávia de; Silva, Glauber Henrique Barbosa da; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Silva, Vânia AparecidaClimate change threatens the survival of commercial crops due to their narrow genetic base. One of the alternatives is the identification of plants with potential for abiotic stress tolerance. This study aimed to verify the physiological and anatomical adaptations to the drought period and the impacts on the yield of ‘Híbrido de Timor’ coffee tree accessions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, being seven genotypes (UFV 377-21, UFV 377-21, UFV 442-42, BE 5 Wush-Wush x UFV 366-08, UFV 428-02, UFV 376-31 and UFV 427-55) and two seasonal periods (dry and rainy), with two replications. The stomatal conductance; predawn water potential; levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde; activity of the enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate oxidase; ascorbate content; cuticle thickness of the adaxial surface and leaf lamina; stomatal density; ratio between polar and equatorial diameter; phloem area; area, diameter and frequency of xylem vessels; relative hydraulic conductivity; vulnerability index; and yield were evaluated. The results showed acclimatization of the accessions to the dry period, with some of them maintaining higher water potential values in the predawn; induction of the antioxidant system with the increase in the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme and ascorbate levels; increase in the cuticle and leaf lamina thickness; and a higher ratio between polar and equatorial diameters. Most of the evaluated accessions showed a good productive performance, especially the ‘UFV 377-21’, ‘UFV 442-42’ and ‘UFV 376-31’, with adaptations to the dry period and yield potential.Item Growth effects of water excess on coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.)(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2014-04) Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Alves, Jose Donizeti; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Andrade, Cinthia Aparecida; Alves, Raphaella Gomes MartinsThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the interference of water excess in soil on the growth of young coffee plants of the Mundo Novo and Catuaí cultivars.Plants were subjected to the following three different substrate water availability conditions: control (well- watered), continuous substrate waterlogged, and intermittent substrate waterlogged. Several growth- related traits were evaluated over the course of 19 weeks. Based on the number and quality of the affected variables from all forms of analyses, the Catuaí cultivar showed greater sensitivity to waterlogging. Both cultivars exhibited growth inhibition in response to substrate waterlogging stress, which was exacerbated by premature leaf dropping.Item Gas exchange and carbohydrate partitioning in cooffee seedlings under waterlogging(Editora UFLA, 2015-03) Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Alves, Jose Donizeti; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Andrade, Cínthia Aparecida; Bomfim, Sandro CostaIrrigation has enhanced coffee production in several regions of Brazil. However, with the increase in irrigated crop areas, problems related to the frequent and poorly planned usage of irrigation may arise. Since there are few studies related to the physiological alterations in coffee plants exposed to water excess, we evaluated the effects of waterlogging on metabolism and partitioning of carbohydrates, levels of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange in seedlings of two commercial coffee cultivars (Mundo Novo and Catuaí). After acclimation, seedlings with eight pairs of fully expanded leaves were cultivated under three water availability conditions: field capacity, intermittent waterlogging and continuous waterlogging. Gas exchange and the levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids and carbohydrates were evaluated during the five months after the beginning of the treatments. Waterlogging reduced the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, leading to lower activity of the carboxylative step of photosynthesis and culminating in the reduction of carbohydrate partitioning in coffee seedlings. Although many physiological parameters were affected by waterlogging, the cultivars in our study survived for five months under stressful conditions.Item Physiological and ultrastructural analysis reveal the absence of a defined abscission zone in coffee fruits(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2016-10) Brandão, Isabel Rodrigues; Silva, Dayane Meireles da; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Vilas Boas, Lissa Vasconcellos; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Alves, Jose DonizetiIn order to investigate the existence of a possible abscission zone in the binding region between the peduncle and the coffee fruit, as well as the biochemical events involved in fruit ripening, we studied peduncles and fruits of Coffea arabica L. cv. “Icatu amarelo”. Coffee fruits were harvested at different maturation stages by using specific intervals of detachment force. It was observed a breakdown in the cells of the connecting region between peduncles and fruits throughout the maturation process. This disruption is probably caused by increased activity of the cell wall-loosening enzymes (polygalacturonase and cellulase) as well as by higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the final maturation stages. In general, physiological differences between maturation stages were observed and can largely explain the different detachment forces required at different stages. In conclusion, there is no clear abscission zone between the peduncle and the coffee fruit cv. “Icatu amarelo”. Nevertheless, the decrease in the detachment force throughout the maturation process can occur due to the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes together with increased oxidative stress during the fruit ripening.Item Sistema antioxidante de mudas de cafeeiro submetidas ao excesso de água(Editora UFLA, 2015-10) Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Andrade, Cínthia Aparecida; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Rodrigues-Brandão, Isabel; Silva, Dayane Meireles da; Alves, Jose DonizetiInvestigou-se a resposta do sistema antioxidante de mudas de Coffea arabica L. cultivares Catuaí e Mundo Novo ao encharcamento do substrato. Para isto, as mudas com oito pares de folhas completamente expandidas foram submetidas a três condições de disponibilidade de água: capacidade de campo, encharcamento intermitente e encharcamento contínuo. As avaliações foram realizadas na implementação do experimento e cinco meses após a indução dos tratamentos, quando foram avaliadas a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e o conteúdo de ascorbato. Houve uma resposta do sistema antioxidante enzimático e não enzimático das mudas de cafeeiro à condição de estresse, permitindo às plantas suportarem o encharcamento do substrato, por um período de 150 dias. A cultivar Catuaí apresentou um sistema antioxidante mais ativo do que a cultivar Mundo Novo.Item Metabolismo da sacarose em cafeeiros submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamento(Editora UFLA, 2014-10) Baliza, Danielle Pereira; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Alves, José Donizeti; Guimarães, Rubens José; Cunha, Rodrigo Luz daObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a atividade das enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo da sacarose e os níveis de carboidratos no endosperma de frutos de cafeeiros submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo cinco níveis de sombreamento (pleno sol, 35, 50, 65 e 90% de sombra) e três estádios de desenvolvimento dos frutos (cereja, verde cana e verde). As variáveis analisadas foram as atividades das enzimas sacarose fosfato sintase (SPS), sacarose sintase (SuSy) e invertase ácida e, o conteúdo de açúcares solúveis totais, sacarose e glicose. O sombreamento, a partir de 50%, aumentou a atividade das enzimas invertase ácida e SuSy nos estádios verde cana e cereja. Em relação à SPS o sombreamento não alterou a sua atividade, sendo os maiores valores encontrados nos estádios verde cana e cereja. Os níveis de sombreamento até 65 % apresentaram os maiores teores de açúcares solúveis totais e sacarose nos estádios tardios de maturação, enquanto que a 90 % de sombreamento, os maiores valores foram encontrados nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento do fruto. O teor de glicose foi maior no estádio verde de maturação até o nível de 50 % de sombreamento, a partir do qual houve uma redução nos valores da glicose com o aumento do sombreamento. Assim, verifica-se que o sombreamento a partir de 50%, provavelmente modifica o desenvolvimento do fruto por alterar o metabolismo da sacarose no endosperma, prolongando o período de maturação.Item Impactos da deficiência hídrica nas respostas ecofisiológicas e espectrais do cafeeiro consorciado com espécies madeireiras(Editora UFLA, 2016-07) Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Santos, Meline de Oliveira; Silva, Vânia Aparecida; Venturin, Regis Pereira; Volpato, Margarete Marin Lordelo; Dantas, Mayara Fontes; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Setotaw, Tesfahun Alemu; Moreira, Filipe Chaves; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Resende, Mário Lúcio Vilela deObjetivou-se, nesse estudo, avaliar o efeito do déficit hídrico nas respostas espectrais e ecofisiológicas de cafeeiros consorciados com madeireiras. A cultivar Catuaí Vermelho 99 foi plantada em monocultivo e consorciada com as arbóreas mogno-africano, teca e acrocarpo, distribuídas em dois espaçamentos (9 x 13,6 e 18 x 13,6 m), na linha dos cafeeiros. As avaliações de crescimento das arbóreas e do cafeeiro foram realizadas aos 25 meses após o plantio. As avaliações espectrais e ecofisiológicas nos cafeeiros foram realizadas em quatro épocas (junho, agosto, setembro e dezembro de 2014). O acrocarpo apresentou maior altura, diâmetro de copa e caule. Não houve diferenças entre o crescimento dos cafeeiros consorciados e monocultivo. As diferenças de potencial hídrico, índices espectrais e ecofisiológicas foram mais evidentes nas fases de início (agosto) e de recuperação (dezembro) de deficiência hídrica. Em agosto, cafeeiros em monocultivo apresentaram maior potencial hídrico que cafeeiros consorciados e foram discriminados por apresentarem escores positivos e maiores valores dos índices espectrais NDVI, WBI, ARI1, CRI1, SIPI e FRI. Já em dezembro, maiores valores de potencial hídrico foram encontrados no monocultivo, plantio consorciado com teca em ambos os espaçamentos e acrocarpo no maior espaçamento. Contudo, nessa época, destacou-se cafeeiro consorciado com teca no maior espaçamento, que apresentou escores positivos e valores mais elevados de eficiência do uso da água, eficiência fotoquímica potencial do PSII e índices ARI1, CRI1 e FRI. O consórcio com teca no maior espaçamento apresenta impacto positivo sobre respostas espectrais e ecofisiológicas do cafeeiro, após o período sob deficiência hídrica.