Periódicos
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
Navegar
16 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Productivity and grain size of coffee grown in different weed management systems(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2021-03-09) Zaidan, Úrsula Ramos; Campos, Renata Cássia; Faria, Rodrigo Magalhães; Zaidan, Iasmine Ramos; Souza, Wendel Magno de; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Freitas, Francisco Cláudio Lopes deIntensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.Item Agronomic practices toward coffee sustainability. A review(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2023-10-23) Martinez, Herminia Emilia Prieto; Andrade, Sara Adrián López de; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Baptistella, João Leonardo Corte; Mazzafera, PauloThe coffee sector is estimated to have a retail market value in excess of USD 83 billion, and over 125 million jobs have been created in the global coffee chain. The coffee specialty market has recently increased significantly, generating opportunities to certify coffee beans produced by sustainable practices. This avoids practices potentially harmful to the environment. Agroforestry, organic farming, intercropping, and soil conservation strategies are examples of sustainable alternatives in the production of coffee. In this review, we focus on practices for the sustainable management of coffee plantations that can help farmers fight problems caused by global warming. More specifically, we address soil organic matter and microbiota, the use of Urochloa grass as intercrop in coffee plantations, shading systems (including agroforestry), and organic coffee production. We concluded that from the agronomic viewpoint, we already have production techniques that can replace traditional ones with significant advantages accruing to the quality of coffee orchard ecosystems. Nevertheless, we need scientific research efforts to deal with the existing gaps and the engagement of the whole coffee chain as a means of guaranteeing an adequate profit to those smallholders who adopt and maintain sustainable practice and are capable of bringing several positive changes to the coffee crop, including the use of microbia-based commercial products and new organic sources of nutrients to complement chemical fertilizers and improve coffee quality.Item Productivity and grain size of coffee grown in different weed management systems(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2022-08-15) Zaidan, Úrsula Ramos; Campos, Renata Cássia; Faria, Rodrigo Magalhães; Zaidan, Iasmine Ramos; Souza, Wendel Magno de; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Freitas, Francisco Cláudio Lopes deIntensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.Item Análise comparativa das características da serrapilheira e do solo em cafezais (Coffea arabica L.) cultivados em sistema agroflorestal e em monocultura, na Zona da Mata MG(Sociedade de Investigações Florestais, 2007) Campanha, Mônica Matoso; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Freitas, Gilberto Bernardo de; Martinez, Hermínia Emília Prieto; Jaramillo-Botero, Catalina; Garcia, Silvana LagesO aporte de serrapilheira em sistemas agroflorestais pode melhorar as características químicas e físicas do solo, diminuir a erosão e permitir a manutenção da umidade no solo por mais tempo. Isso faz dele um sistema alternativo de produção de café em regiões com solos propensos à degradação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa da quantidade e teor de nutrientes da serrapilheira e das características de fertilidade e do teor de umidade dos solos, em cafeeiros cultivados sob sistemas agroflorestal e solteiro. A pesquisa foi realizada na Zona da Mata mineira, durante o período compreendido entre janeiro de 1999 e maio de 2000. O sistema agroflorestal contribuiu com 6,1 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de matéria seca de serrapilheira, no entanto o solteiro aportou 4,5 Mg ha-1 ano-1, ressaltando-se que esta última apresentou teor mais elevado de macronutrientes. O solo do sistema agroflorestal exibiu maior teor de umidade de 20-40 cm, maior capacidade de troca de cátions e soma de bases trocáveis, maior teor de K, Ca, Mg, Cu e Zn em ambos os horizontes do solo e menor índice de saturação de alumínio e alumínio trocável na camada mais profunda do que o solo sob a monocultura. No cultivo solteiro, o solo apresentou maior teor de P e de matéria orgânica, tanto na camada superficial quanto na profunda.Item Structure of AMF community in an agroforestry system of coffee and macauba palm(Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2021) Prates Júnior, Paulo; Moreira, Sandro Lucio Silva; Jordão, Thuany Cerqueira; Ngolo, Aristides Osvaldo; Moreira, Bruno Coutinho; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves; Kasuya, Maria Catarina MegumiCoffee crop in Brazil is typically grown as a monoculture. However, we hypothesized that agroforestry system is favorable association for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), affecting its community structure and potentially impacting crop productivity and agroecosystem health. This study evaluated how the microclimate, soil depth, macauba field spacing and distance between coffee plants and palms affect the structure of the AMF community. The structure of the AMF community was influenced by the soil depth, microclimate features, soil moisture, maximum air temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The distance at which coffee-macauba influences ecological diversity indices of AMF, and higher diversity are related to the proximity between plants. AMF diversity (Richness and Shannon) in the agroforestry system exceeded that observed in the full-sun coffee in the 0-20 soil depth layer. Our results showed that the microclimate, soil depth, plant density, and distance between coffee from macauba affected the AMF community structure.Item Production and vegetative growth of coffee trees under fertilization and shade levels(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2010-11) Jaramillo-Botero, Catalina; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Martinez, Herminia Emilia Prieto; Cecon, Paulo Roberto; Fardin, Merci PereiraIt is difficult to separate the effects of light reduction versus nutrient and water competition in agroforestry systems. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shading and fertilizer supply on the vegetative development and yield of Coffea arabica over six years. The coffee trees were covered with shade screens (photosynthetically active radiation reduction up to 48%) and fertilized from 100 to 40% of the recommended amount from 2001 on. Leaf area, number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf area per branch and, yield were determined. Although no effect of fertilization was found, shading influenced the number of nodes, leaf area and production from the third year on. The number of nodes and yield decreased as shading increased. The effect of the yield bienniallity was more evident in the unshaded trees, which yielded an average of 2,646 kg ha –1 . The trees under 48% shading yielded an average of 2,094 kg ha –1 . After 2004 the leaf area per branch increased as the shade increased, at the end of both the maximum and minimum growth periods. During the first three years, the coffee trees do not change their vegetative or productive characteristics as a response to shading. The shade effects become more intense after the beginning of the higher yield period. The shaded coffee trees have a larger leaf area and a smaller number of nodes than the coffee trees under full sun. The yield decreases as photosynthetically active radiation limitation increases, and yield bienniallity is less intense in shaded trees.Item Volatilized N-NH 3 , N, and C stocks in soil after green manuring of coffee crops(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2018-04) Pereira, Wander Douglas; Martins Neto, Fábio Lúcio; Oliveira, Teógenes Senna de; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Caballero, Segundo Sacramento UrquiagaVolatilization of nitrogen ammonia (N-NH 3 ) and rapid incorporation of mineralized nitrogen (N) into soil organic matter fractions can reduce the efficiency of green manuring. The objective of this study was to characterize N-NH3 loss through volatilization and the changes in carbon (C) and N stocks in soil fertilized with Crotalaria juncea and ammonium sulfate during coffee plant cultivation. The N-NH 3 collectors were installed and evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 25, 32, 67 and 123 days after their installation. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the 0–5- and 5–10-cm soil layers were evaluated at 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 days after fertilization. After 9 days, 20.83 kg ha-1 (N-NH 3 ) had volatilized from the 41.88 kg ha-1 observed at the end of the evaluation period. The TOC stock in both soil layers was 5.81 Mg ha-1 , and after 300 days, the stocks were 8.84 and 8.36 Mg ha-1 for the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers, respectively. The TN stock in the 0–5 cm layer increased from 1.74 to 1.98 Mg ha-1 over 60 days, and then decreased. There was no time dependency in the TN stock in the 5–10 cm layer. Volatilization of N-NH 3 was rapid but low. The increase in TOC stocks was not followed by an increase in TN stocks.Item Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization from green manures intercropped with coffee tree(Editora UFLA, 2018-01) Cardoso, Rosileyde Gonçalves Siqueira; Pedrosa, Adriene Woods; Rodrigues, Mateus Cupertino; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Cecon, Paulo Roberto; Martinez, Herminia Emilia PrietoThe knowledge about the rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of green manures provides synchronization with the higher absorption stage by the coffee tree. The rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization varies according to the species of green manure and with the environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of two green manures intercropped with coffee trees for three different periods. The experiment was divided into two designs for statistical analysis, one referring to the characterization of plant material (fresh mass, dry matter, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) and another to evaluate the rate of decomposition and N mineralization of these species. The decomposition rate decreased in both species as their growth time increased in the field. The decomposition was influenced by the phenology of green manures. Nitrogen mineralization of the jack bean decreased as the growth period in the field increased and was faster than hyacinth bean only when cut at 60 days. The N mineralization was slower than mass decomposition in both species.Item Intercropping period between species of green manures and organically-fertilized coffee plantation(Editora UFLA, 2018-01) Cardoso, Rosileyde Gonçalves Siqueira; Pedrosa, Adriene Woods; Rodrigues, Mateus Cupertino; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Martinez, Hermínia Emília Prieto; Cecon, Paulo RobertoThe adequate supply of nitrogen to coffee plantation is one of the main challenges of organic agriculture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization with two legume species in different intercropping periods on nitrogen nutrition, initial growth and productivity of coffee plantation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 2x4 split-plot factorial design, being that the plot consisted of two intercrops (coffee+jack bean and coffee+hyacinth bean) and the four intercropping periods (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing of the legume), and the subplot by 50% and 100% of fertilization for the coffee plantation. The increase in the intercropping period between legumes and coffee plantation favored a greater increase in height and node number of coffee trees, besides showing higher heights when fertilized with 50% of the recommended dose and intercropped with hyacinth bean. The intercropping with the hyacinth bean resulted in a larger crown diameter of coffee trees in 2010 and a larger diameter accumulated in the two evaluated years. Higher N contents were found in coffee trees fertilized with 100% of the recommended dose. The legumes supplied the nutritional requirements of the coffee harvest fertilized with 50% of the dose. The bean yield of the processed coffee is not affected by the intercropping with the green manures of jack bean or hyacinth bean.Item Production, chemical composition, and quality of Arabic coffee subjected to copper doses(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2018-04) Martinez, Herminia Emilia Prieto; Lacerda, José Soares de; Clemente, Junia Maria; Silva Filho, Jaime Barros da; Pedrosa, Adriene Woods; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Cecon, Paulo RobertoThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of copper on the chemical composition of coffee beans and on the quality of the beverage, relating both of them to the Cu leaf contents in coffee (Coffea arabica) plants. Coffee plants were grown in a hydroponic system containing 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 μmol L -1 Cu until fruit setting. Coffee bean production was evaluated, and, after the cherries were dried, the following characteristics were determined: leaf Cu content; total titratable acidity; color index; electrical conductivity; leached K; polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity; concentrations of caffeine, trigonelline, organic acids, total phenols, chlorogenic acids (3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA), sucrose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose; and sensory quality of roasted beans. Cu increased bean yield, PPO activity, and the concentrations of organic acids, 3-CQA, sucrose, and arabinose. Total titratable acidity, total phenols, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA were reduced with increasing Cu doses. Leaf contents related to the maximum and minimum values of desirable and undesirable quality attributes ranged from 5.6 to 11.4 mg kg -1 Cu, respectively. Copper affects the production and chemical composition of coffee beans, and the attributes related to quality are maximized in plants with low leaf contents of the nutrient.