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Item Post-harvest of coffee: factors that influence the final quality of the beverage(Revista Engenharia na Agricultura, 2022-04-27) Silva, Camilla Sena da; Coelho, Ana Paula de Freitas; Lisboa, Cristiane Fernandes; Vieira, Gerival; Teles, Maria Carolina de AbreuBrazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter of coffee and the second largest consumer market. Brazil offer differentiated and high quality products to maintain its leading position in coffee production and export. However, Brazilian coffee has suffered some limitations in its commercialization in the international market, due to qualitative aspects. The development of taste and aroma is highly complex, since hundreds of chemical reactions take place at the same time, such as the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, trigonelline and chlorogenic acid, mainly in the roasting process. Then, it is necessary that, in addition to pre-harvest management, there are post-harvest practices that meet consumer demands regarding the final quality of the beverage. Studies on physical and chemical changes in the composition of coffee beans must continue to be performed in a comprehensive manner, since factors such as damage to coffee beans, drying methods, processing, storage time, type of packaging and chemical components are directly related to sensorial properties and thus define the quality of the beverage at this point of view. Thus, the objective of this review was to relate the physicochemical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of coffee beans after harvest with the quality of the product after roasting.Item Polymorphic information content of SSR markers for Coffea spp.(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2010) Caixeta, Eveline Teixera; Missio, Robson Fernando; Zambolim, Eunize Maciel; Zambolim, Laércio; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Sakiyama, Ney SussumuThirty-three coffee SSR primers from enriched genomic library with (GT)15 and (AGG)10 repeats were analyzed in 24 coffee tree accessions. Twenty-two primers were polymorphic among accessions; the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 13, with the mean number of 5.1 alleles per primer. PIC values ranged from 0.08 to 0.79. The highest mean PIC values were found for C. canephora (0.46), and the lowest values for C. arabica (0.22) and triploids (0.22) accessions. The polymorphic SSR markers used in this study were useful for genetic fingerprinting in the coffee tree, especially in the C. canephora and the leaf rust resistant arabica cultivars.Item Physical and sensorial quality of arabica coffee cultivars submitted to two types of post-harvesting processing(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-04-17) Alixandre, Ricardo Dias; Alixandre, Fabiano Tristão; Lima, Paula Aparecida Muniz de; Fornazier, Maurício José; Krohling, Cesar Abel; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Dias, Rodrigo da Silva; Venturini, Cassio de Faria; Macette, Higor Alixandre; Zandonadi, Cecília Uliana; Viçosi, David BrunelliThe growing demand for better quality coffees has driven changes in the coffee production chain, mainly through the adoption of new technologies and management. Thus, this work was carried out aiming to evaluate the physical and sensorial quality of Arabica coffee cultivars, submitted to natural and pulped post-harvesting processing. The experiment was carried out following a randomized block design with three replications, in a split-plot scheme, with the plots consisting of five cultivars (Catucaí 2 SL, Catucaí 24/137, Catuaí IAC 44, Arara and Acauã); and the subplots by two processes, pulped and natural cherry. The harvest was carried out manually, harvesting the cherry fruits (ripe) in a sieve. The coffees were processed by the natural and pulped cherry methods. Drying was carried out on a covered suspended terrace, until the grains reached 11% ± 1 moisture (wet basis, bu). The following evaluations were carried out: sensorial analysis of the beverage according to the SCAA methodology, analysis of grain sieves according to the Official Brazilian Coffee Classification Protocol. The results show that all evaluated cultivars have a great potential for the production of specialty coffees in that studied environment. Differences were observed between cultivars both in the sensory quality of the beverage and in the grain size. Cultivar Arara presents a general average of final beverage grade higher than the other cultivars.Item Sensory Assessment of Gayo arabica coffee taste based on various varieties and manual brewing devices(Editora UFLA, 2021) Fadhil, Rahmat; Nurba, Diswandi; Sukmawati, ElyaArabica coffee (Coffea arabica) becomes one of the most in-demand types by the community due to its typical taste. The material needed in this study was Gayo Arabica coffee (full wash) obtained from farmers in Bener Meriah, Aceh Province of Indonesia and specially ordered. The right method and coffee brewing device are needed to obtain this typical taste of coffee. One of the coffee brewing methods that keeps developing until now is the manual brewing method. This study aims to find the sensory assessment of Gayo Arabica coffee taste in various varieties with manual brewing devices by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Manual brewing devices used were Vietnam Drip, French Press, V60, Eva Solo, and Filter, while the chosen va rieties are Tim-tim (Gayo 1), Bor-bor (Gayo 2), and P88. The study result showed that based on the preference of product acceptance by the panelists, the most chosen criteria of taste sensory were flavor (0.253), followed by aftertaste (0.222), sweetness (0204), acidity (0.165), and body (0.155). The variety chosen as the best variety with manual brewing was Tim-tim in various manual brewing devices, which are V60 (0.156), French Press (0146), and Eva Solo (0.140). The next alternatives brewing devices were Vietnam Drip (0.127) and Filter (0.109). Thus, it could be concluded that flavor is the top priority that influences Gayo Arabica coffee’s taste. Therefore, Tim-tim with manual brewing devices (V60, French Press, and Eva Solo) is preferred over other varieties in this study. This finding also becomes a recommendation that the variety for the best serving of Gayo Arabica coffee brew with the most preferred taste with manual brewing devices is Tim-tim.Item Sensory analysis and mid-infrared spectroscopy for discriminating roasted specialty coffees(Editora UFLA, 2021) Debona, Danieli Grancieri; Oliveira, Emanuele Catarina da Silva; Caten, Carla Schwengber ten; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Moreira, Taís Rizzo; Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Moreli, Aldemar PoloniniIn general, the process of roasting coffee uses a rotated fix drum or fluidized bed. Theoretically, the fluidized bed can provide more homogenous roastings throughout the process. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the sensorial and chemical attributes for two different coffees submitted to three roasting profiles using fluidized bed roaster. The coffees were roasted for a high temperature for a short time (HTST), medium temperature for a medium time (MTMT), and low temperature for a long time (LTLT). Sensory analysis was performed on the roasted coffees according to the SCA methodology and chemical analy sis through mid-infrared spectroscopy. The results of sensory analysis indicated a preference for MTMT roasting for coffee grown at high altitude and HTST roasting for coffee grown at low altitude. Chemically, coffees show that LTLT and MTMT roasts are most distant from each other in their chemical com position when roasting low altitude coffee, whereas the HTST and MTMT roasts are the most distant from each other when roasting high altitude coffee.Item Discriminação entre estádios de maturação e tipos de processamento de pós-colheita de cafés arábica por microextração em fase sólida e análise de componentes principais(Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2011) Arruda, Neusa P.; Hovell, Ana M. C.; Rezende, Claudia M.; Freitas, Suely P.; Couri, Sonia; Bizzo, Humberto R.A fruit chemical composition reflects its maturation stage. For coffee, it is also the reflex of the post harvesting processing type, dry, semi-wet and wet. The object of this work was to verify if headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC) could be used to discriminate between samples harvested in different maturation stages and treated by different processes. With application of principal component analysis to the area of 117 compounds extracted by SPME, using divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber, it was possible to discriminate, in the roasted and ground coffee, the maturity stage and processing type used.Item Chemometric analysis of UV characteristic profile and infrared fingerprint variations of Coffea arabica green beans under different space management treatments(Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2016) Terrile, Amélia E.; Marcheafave, Gustavo G.; Oliveira, Guilherme S.; Rakocevic, Miroslava; Bruns, Roy E.; Scarminio, Ieda S.Ultraviolet characteristic profiles and infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) fingerprints of green bean extracts of Coffea arabica L., cv. IAPAR 59, cultivated in two planting patterns, rectangular and square, and at two different densities, 10,000 and 6,000 plants ha-1, identified as R10,R6,S10, and S6 were analyzed with principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. A simplex centroid design for four solvents (ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, hexane) was used for sample extraction. The largest chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were found at the lower planting density. The dichloromethane extracts of the S10 treatment showed the highest levels of unsaponifiable lipids (cafestol and kahweol). The R6 treatment showed a slightly higher content of cafestol and kahweol. Cluster analysis of FTIR fingerprints confirmed that the CGA and caffeine levels differentiate the spatial arrangements. The FTIR fingerprints suggest that green beans from S6 and R10 were richer in lipids and the other two treatments had more sugars and proteins.Item Green and roasted arabica coffees differentiated by ripeness, process and cup quality via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting(Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2009) Amorim, Ana Carolina L.; Hovell, Ana Maria C.; Pinto, Angelo C.; Eberlin, Marcos N.; Arruda, Neusa P.; Pereira, Elenilda J.; Bizzo, Humberto R.; Catharino, Rodrigo R.; Morais Filho, Zenildo B.; Rezende, Claudia M.Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in both the negative ESI(-)-MS and positive ESI(+)-MS ion modes are investigated to differentiate green and roasted Arabica coffees with different stages of ripeness (green, ripe and overripe), post-harvesting process (dry, wet and semi-wet) and coffees with diferente cup qualities. In the ESI(-)-MS of green coffees, ions from deprotonated fatty acids and chlorogenic acids are the most important for ripeness discrimination. In the ESI(+)-MS, maturity is differentiated by ions from protonated caffeine, chlorogenic acids and K+ adducts of fatty acids. To differentiate between post-harvesting process in both ionization modes, ions from fatty acids, chlorogenic acids, sugars and carboxylic acids generated in the fermentation process are the most representative. Roasted Arabica coffees are also well discriminated: in the ESI(-)-MS, ions from chlorogenic acids and short-chain organic acids derived from sugars are important. In the ESI(+)-MS, discrimination are mainly performed by low m/z ions such as protonated pyridine and alkylpiridines formed via trigonelline degradation. Both ESI(+)-MS and ESI(-)-MS are able to differentiate cup quality for Arabica roasted coffees and the ions used to perform discrimination are the same ones described in ripeness and post-harvesting processes.Item Physical characterization of Arabica ground coffee with different roasting degrees(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2019) Nakilcio´glu-tas, Emine; Ötles, SemhRoasting is a determinative operation on the final quality of coffee. Roasting process causes physical, chemical and sensory changes on coffee. In this study roasting degree effect on physical properties of Arabica fine ground coffee was examined. The bulk properties, particle property, reconstitution properties, moisture content, water activities and color properties were investigated in different roasting degrees of coffee. The results showed that the physical characteristics of coffee samples were influenced by the degree of roast. To have longer shelf life, lower cost and better physical attributes of Arabica fine ground coffee, the roasting process should be kept at a lower degree. At the same time the requests and expectations of customer should also be considered.Item Characterization of Roasted Coffea arabica Species by the Relationship Between Caffeine and Diterpenes Contents(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2020) Zanin, Rodolfo Campos; Kitzberger, Cíntia Sorane Good; Benassi, Marta de ToledoCommercial roasted and ground coffees are usually blends of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Considering the differences in price and sensory characteristics between these two species, the identification of the presence of each species in commercial blends is of great interest. The aim of this study was to describe typical profiles of caffeine and diterpenes (kahweol and cafestol) contents and the ratios among these compounds to support the characterization of Coffea species in roasted coffees. 32 good cup quality Brazilian C. arabica coffees (from coffee quality contests) produced using different postharvest treatments were studied. All analysis were performed by HPLC. Higher ranges were observed in diterpene contents – kahweol varied from 1.75 to 10.68 g/kg (coefficient of variation of 510%) and cafestol from 1.76 to 9.66 g/kg (449%) – than caffeine, that varied from 5.1 to 16.2 g/kg (coefficient of variation of 218%). Wide ranges of the kahweol/cafestol ratio (0.63 to 2.77) and the caffeine/kahweol ratio (0.84 to 5.15) were also observed. Hence it was proposed the additional use of a new parameter, the ratio of caffeine/sum of diterpenes (kahweol + cafestol) that presents values from 0.54 to 2.39. The results indicated that the combined use of these parameters could be a potential tool for discriminating Coffea species in blends of roasted and ground coffee. It was proposed as potentially indicative of C. arabica: values of kahweol/cafestol ratio above 0.50, associated with caffeine/kahweol ratio lower than 5.50 and caffeine/sum of diterpenes ratio lower than 2.50.