Periódicos
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
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Item Food habits of the Cougar Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Central Andes of the Colombian Coffee Region(Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2020) Castillo, Diana Camila Muñoz; Arbeláez, Pauline Perry; Arias-Monsalve, Héctor Fabio; Ramírez-Chaves, Héctor E.The feeding habits of the cougar have been scarcely studied in Colombia, despite its importance in the ecosystems it inhabits. In this study, we analysed the diet of the cougar using 53 feces samples collected from several sites in the Central Andes of Colombia’s Coffee Growing Region. To identify prey species, we examined and compared bone fragments and hairs found in each sample with descriptions published in relevant literature and with specimens from the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de Caldas, Colombia. We found that rabbits (Sylvilagus sp.) provided half of the relative biomass consumed by the cougar (50%). Other preys identified belong to representatives of medium and large mammals such as marsupials (Didelphis: 10%), sloths (Choloepus: 9%), rodents (Coendou: 10%, Cuniculus: 9%), and deer (Mazama: 9%). Of the preys, Coendou rufescens has not, to our knowledge, been previously included in cougar diet literature. The curve of accumulation of species indicated that the number of samples obtained in this work fully describe the diet of this feline. Neither domestic species were recorded in this work, nor were there any relationships between the dry or rainy seasons and the consumption of prey species. The comparison of the information reported in this study and others carried out in the Andes may indicate the general nature of this feline’s diet and its adaptability to the prey species found in each area, since these vary in each one of them. It is probable that the obtained trophic niche value (0.33) is due to the abundance of rabbits present in the study area. It is also probable that the cougar has not consumed domestic species since, although it is close to cattle ranches, it has enough of wild prey in the area to supply its needs. The results of this study may help to improve our understanding of the feeding habits of this predator and its interaction with other species in this important region of Colombia. This will, in turn, promote major comprehension of the role of cougars in the Colombian Cordilleras and lead actions for their conservation.Item Production and characterization of the bio-oil obtained by the fast pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds of the soluble coffee industry(Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2019) Krause, Maurício C.; Moitinho, Adriana C.; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando R.; Souza, Ranyere L. de; Krause, Laiza C.; Caramão, Elina B.Agro-industrial wastes are abundant and low-cost sources of energy and chemicals. Biomass account for 14% of the world’s energy production. Industrial residues of production of soluble coffee (spent coffee grounds - SCG) have great potential due to its large-scale production and can be transformed by pyrolysis, in liquid, solid and gaseous products with applications from energy to chemicals. This work has the objective of producing bio-oil from the pyrolysis of industrial SCG, characterize it by chromatography and indicate its possible applications. As SGC contains a large amount of glycerides, they were extracted from SGC before the pyrolysis, aiming to obtain a better bio-oil from the residue. The yield in vegetable oil was 5.2% and its analyses showed that 50% are saturated acids (mainly palmitic 27.6%) and other 50% are unsaturated ones (mainly linoleic acid 35.3%). This composition qualifies this oil for biodiesel purposes. The residue (SGC after extraction) was submitted to pyrolysis, yielding 30% in liquid products, being 6% bio-oil. The bio-oil was analyzed by gas chromatography being identified free fatty acids, hydrocarbons, phenols and N-compounds. The heteroatomic compounds limit the use as biofuel but can be interesting for the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemicals industries.Item Mitigation of climate change of coffee production systems in Cundinamarca, Colombia(Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2019) Andrade, Hernán J.; Zapata, Piedad C.Production systems with woody perennial plants, ideally timber trees, are technologies accepted in carbon (C) projects to mitigate climate change. This research had as purpose the estimation of C storage and fixation in coffee production systems in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Carbon in biomass, necromass and soil were estimated in coffee plantations with three different shade levels (low, medium and high) in three municipalities using IPCC’s recommendations. Soil stored 75% of the total C (93.9 to 137.7 Mg C ha–1 in the upper 30 cm), followed by trees (19%). Carbon increases with a rise in shade (55.8 vs 42.0 vs 23.0 Mg C ha–1 for high, medium and low shade, respectively). These coffee plantations fixed a mean of 2.3 Mg C ha–1 year–1, with a maximum value of ~7.1 Mg CO2 ha–1 year–1 under a shade of 30% to 40%. Coffee plantations, especially with high shade, have a high potential of C fixation and mitigate climate change.Item Use of Coffee Capsules as Support Material in Upflow Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2019) Souza, Gabriela Rezende de; Oliveira, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; Bello, Italoema Pinheiro; Siniscalchi, Luciene Alves Batista; Fia, Ronaldo; Gandia, Rômulo MarçalThe aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactors filled with espresso coffee capsules to treat sanitary sewage. Three reactors (R1, R2 and R3) were constructed in blue PVC pipes measuring 30 cm height and 150 mm diameter and filled with coffee capsules made of aluminum and plastic. The sewage from the pre-treatment phase of the wastewater treatment plant of the Federal University of Lavras fed the system. Temperature, pH, alkalinity and volatile acids concentration, COD, TS, TVS and TSS of the influent and effluent were analyzed to evaluate the reactors performances. Statistics tests were run in the software Statistica 10. Changes occurred in the organic loading rates caused two different operating phases, one at an OLR of 2.1 kg COD m-3d-1 and another at 4.0 kg COD m-3d-1. The average temperature during the monitoring period was 18°C. In spite of the operating conditions variations, the reactors showed satisfactory performances, presenting COD efficiency removals up to 80% in both phases. The capsules characteristics were similar to other materials used as support. Hence, it is possible to utilize coffee capsules as support material in anaerobic reactors, providing satisfactory pollutants removal efficiencies.