Coffee Science
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3355
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Environmental stratification and performance of Coffea canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moraes, Marcos Santana; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro LaraChange in the performance of clones grown in different environments is an important question for Coffea canephora breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental stratification and the performance of C. canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon. For that purpose, the mean yield of three crop seasons was considered to evaluate the performance of 20 genotypes grown in 6 clonal competition trials in the environments of: E1: Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, E2: Porto Velho-RO, E3: Ariquemes-RO, E4 and E5: Rio Branco-AC and E6: Alta Floresta do Oeste-RO. The trials were conducted with a plant spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m in a complete block experimental design, with three replications of eight plants per plot. Combined analysis indicated significance of the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction and favorable conditions to obtain gains from selection. Reduction in the dimensionality estimated from climate and soil characteristics indicated that the environments of Porto Velho-RO, Rio Branco-AC and Ariquemes-RO are more similar to each other than the environments of Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO and Alta Floresta-RO of greater natural soil fertility and higher altitude. The AMMI1 biplot shows that genotypes 16, 10, and 13 had the highest mean yields, together with greater stability. In the AMMI2 scatterplot (IPCA1×IPCA2), the environ ments E4 and E5 were clustered in the same sector. Clustering based on the complex fraction of the G×E interaction coincided with the AMMI2 scatterplot that clustered the E4 and E5 environments in a single mega-environment. Except for these environments, all the others clustered as locations of different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This result shows the importance of maintaining evaluations in these environments, which represent the conditions of the coffee fields in the region.Item Resistance of new Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in the western amazon(Editora UFLA, 2020) Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Vieira Junior, José Roberto; Fernandes, Cleberson de Freitas; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, André Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Santos, Anderson Vieira; Anjos, Elize Francisca Mendes dos; Uchôa, Francisco PaivaRoot-knot disease is among the main diseases affecting coffee crop. The plant selection to the development new resistant cultivars is among one the most efficient methods of control. The present work aimed to quantify the resistance responses of Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in the Western Amazon. For this, 17 previously selected clones were evaluated in three experimental trials, carried out in the municipalities of Ji-Paraná and Porto Velho, Rondônia. The resistance to root-knot nematodes M. incognita were evaluated by the numbers of gall in the roots (NG) and by the reproductive factor (RF). The resistance response was also interpreted according the genetic diversity of the clones based in their morphological traits. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 are resistant to M. incognita with RF of 0.34, 0.62, 0.79, 0.86 and 0.98, respectively. BRS3213, C125, C15, BRS2336, BRS3220 and C09 clones were classified as susceptible, with RF of 1.93, 1.95, 2.00, 2.31, 2.32 and 2.35. The BRS3193, C160 and BRS2357 clones were classified as very susceptible, with RF values of 3.03, 4.41 and 5.82, respectively. The clustering based on the genetic diversity of morphological traits indicated that genotypes more similar to the Robusta botanic variety had lower RF. The hybrid plants showed intermediate degrees of resistance indicating the segregation for the character of the M. incognita resistance. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2299, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 expressed resistance responses to M. incognita with potential for growing resistant genotypes in the Western Amazon.Item Adaptability and stability of Coffea arabica lines in the Western Amazon(Editora UFLA, 2019-04) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Torres, Josemar Dávila; Silva, Camila Andrade; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosGrowing Coffea arabica in regions of the Western Amazon is limited by early maturation and by its limited adaptation to regions of low altitude and high temperature. The aim in this study was to quantify the genotype × environment interaction of C. arabica lines in four different environments of the Western Amazon, seeking to assist selection of new lines with greater adaptability and stability for the region. In the months of December 2012 and January 2013, four competitive trials were set up in municipalities of the states of Rondônia and Acre. Each trial was composed of 21 lines and 4 reference cultivars evaluated as controls recommended for planting in the southeast region. In combined analysis, significant differences were not detected between the cultivars and controls; the mean yield of hulled coffee was 12.05 bags ha -1 . The Alta Floresta Do Oeste environment has higher yield and is the only environment favorable for growing C. arabica; that environment is differentiated from the others through its higher altitudes and low temperatures. Through GGE biplot analyses, lines 12 and 13, identified as H514-7-10-6-9 and H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, were found to have results superior to the controls in the municipality of Alta Floresta Do Oeste, RO. The gain from selection of 56% obtained from line G12 and the gain of 46% obtained from line G13 show performance superior to the best control. The germplasm studied does not have genetic variability that contributes to selection of plants for adaptation to the low altitude and high temperatures in the amazonic region.Item Characterization of resistance response of Coffea canephora genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita (Est I2) root-knot nematode(Editora UFLA, 2018-04) Santos, Anderson Vieira; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Silveira, Silvaldo Felipe da; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Matos, Sara Inácia de; Vieira Júnior, José RobertoMeloidogynose is prominent among the factors that limit yield in C. canephora in the western Amazon, Brazil. It is caused by species of “root-knot nematode”; the most important and aggressive of these species for coffee is M. incognita. The aim of this study was to assist the selection of resistant genotypes by characterizing the reaction of 32 C. canephora clones to M. incognita (Est I2). These genotypes are selected plants from the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Rondônia of the botanical varieties Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions by inoculating six seedlings for each clone with 10 ml of suspension containing 5000 eggs of a pure inoculum of M. incognita. At 150 days after inoculation, evaluations were made of fresh weight of roots (FWR), total number of galls (NG), total number of eggs (NE), and the nematode reproduction factor (RF=final population/initial population). In contrast with the susceptible controls of arabica coffee (RF=1.2) and tomato plants (RF=31.3), six clones of the Conilon botanical variety, five clones of the Robusta botanical variety and eight intervarietal hybrids reacted as resistant to M. incognita, exhibiting RF<1 and a reduced number of galls (NG mean = <10). The clones identified as resistant in this study were integrated in the coffee breeding program in Rondônia for development of cultivars resistant to the root-knot nematode adapted to tropical conditions.Item Componentes genéticos do desenvolvimento e maturação de frutos de Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner(Editora UFLA, 2017-07) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ramalho, André Rostand; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ferrão, Maria Amélia GavaO ciclo de maturação dos frutos do cafeeiro Coffea canephora é uma característica de herança complexa, de expressão governada por vários genes influenciados pelo ambiente, o que resulta em uma característica quantitativa de distribuição contínua. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar os componentes genéticos do ciclo de maturação dos frutos de C. canephora visando caracterizar o mecanismo de herança e a influência do ambiente na expressão dessa característica. Para isso foram avaliados o número de dias e a soma térmica para a maturação dos frutos de 130 clones, avaliados ao longo de 36 meses, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com seis repetições de quatro plantas por parcela no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste - RO. Os valores genotípicos e os componentes de variância foram estimados utilizando-se métodos de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) e Melhor Predição Linear Não Viesada (BLUP) e a dissimilaridade entre os genótipos quantificada utilizando técnicas de agrupamento hierárquico. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos indicam maior acurácia da soma térmica para estimar o ciclo de maturação dos frutos, e uma predominância do efeito genotípico na expressão dessa característica. No dendrograma foi possível observar três grupos de maturação distintos que se mantiveram ao longo do tempo. Também foram observados genótipos (20%) que apresentaram mudanças em sua classificação devido à ação do ambiente. A quantificação da eficiência da seleção e o agrupamento dos clones de ciclo de maturação semelhante subsidiam o desenvolvimento de novas variedades de maior uniformidade de maturação de frutos.Item Caracterização e uso da variabilidade genética de banco ativo de germoplasma de Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner(Editora UFLA, 2013-10) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Vieira, Diogo dos Santos; Ramalho, André Rostand; Teixeira, Alexsandro LaraEstratégias eficientes para manipular a variabilidade genética são determinantes para o sucesso dos programas de melhoramento de Coffea canephora. Combinações entre genitores divergentes expressam maior efeito heterótico, devendo a seleção de matrizes considerar, simultaneamente, a divergência genética e o desempenho agronômico superior.Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, quantificar a diversidade genética de acessos de C. canephora do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Rondônia, visando à identificação de plantas de maior divergência genética e maior potencial produtivo para hibridização. Para isso, entre 1100 acessos foram pré-selecionadas 89 plantas para avaliação dos principais componentes da produção de café beneficiado. Para a quantificação da diversidade genética foi utilizada a técnica de componentes principais, associada a pontos de referência para reunir as informações de divergência genética e de desempenho agrícola em uma única análise. Os acessos selecionados apresentaram expressiva variabilidade genética para os principais componentes de produção, com destaque para os valores de peneira média acima de 17, o que indica uma condição favorável para a realização de cruzamentos controlados visando à seleção de plantas de maior produtividade e tamanho de grãos.Item Análise de componentes principais em caracteres morfológicos de café arábica em estádio juvenil(Editora UFLA, 2013-04) Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Gonçalves, Flávia Maria Avelar; Rezende, Juliana Costa de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Pereira, Antonio AlvesPara a seleção de plantas que reúnam uma série de características favoráveis, faz-se necessário a avaliação um de grande número de variáveis, que naturalmente estão associadas. Desse modo, o emprego da análise multivariada, como a análise de Componentes Principais, pode ser útil na interpretação dos dados. Objetivou-se, no presente estudo, identificar quais são os caracteres morfológicos de maior importância na discriminação entre genótipos juvenis de Coffea arabica. Foram avaliados 250 acessos (cultivares, híbridos e alguns genótipos selvagens) oriundos do banco de germoplasma de café, instalado na fazenda experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, em Patrocínio, MG. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições, espaçamento de 3,5 x 0,8 metros, com parcelas de dez plantas. Os caracteres morfológicos foram avaliados em 2006, 12 meses após a implantação da cultura, com as plantas ainda na fase juvenil. Por meio dos resultados constatou-se que os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 80,04% da variação total. Dentre as características morfológicas avaliadas, o comprimento do 1o ramo plagiotrópico, vigor, diâmetro do caule e número de nós do 1o ramo plagiotrópico são as variáveis de maior importância na distinção dos acessos. Essa informação permite uma maior concentração de esforços na avaliação das mesmas, descartando outras variáveis de menor importância.Item Principal component analysis on morphological traits teixeira, in juvenile stage arabica coffee(Editora UFLA, 2013-04) Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Gonçalves, Flávia Maria Avelar; Rezende, Juliana Costa de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Pereira, Antonio AlvesIn plant breeding and selection, it is necessary to evaluate a great number of traits that are naturally associated. Thus, the use of multivariate analysis, such as Principal Component Analysis, can assist data interpretation. The aim of this study was to identify which morphological traits are of greatest importance to discriminate juvenile Coffea arabica genotypes. Cultivars, hybrids and some wild genotypes were evaluated from a coffee genebank maintained by the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, in Patrocínio, MG, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used with two replicates, spacing of 3.5 x 0.8 meters and ten plants per plot. The morphological characters were measured at 12 months after the plantation, at the plants juvenile phase. Only the first two major components explained 80.04% of total variance. Among the morphological evaluated traits, the length of the first plagiotropic branch, the plant vitality, the stem diameter and the nodes number of the first plagiotropic branch are the most important variables to discriminate the genotypes. These evaluations are important to the early selection of the genotypes of higher potential allowing to concentrate efforts in their evaluating, discarding other minor traits