Crescimento de mudas de café sob diferentes preparos do solo e irrigação para agricultura familiar
Data
2015-01
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ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Editora UFLA
Resumo
A agricultura familiar é fundamental para a segurança alimentar e a economia brasileira. No entanto, esse setor possui baixa capacidade de investimento, o que resulta na baixa utilização de tecnologias de produção. Sistemas alternativos de preparo do solo e de irrigação por gotejamento devem ser testados para aplicação na agricultura familiar. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar diferentes sistemas de preparo de solo e o emprego da irrigação por gotejamento KIFNET®, no crescimento vegetativo inicial do café ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ em Latossolo vermelho distroférrico. Testaram-se três sistemas de preparo do solo: aração e gradagem/CONV; subsolagem a 30 cm/SS; escarificação, adubação a 60 cm e gradagem/TO) e dois tratamentos de irrigação (irrigado e não irrigado). O manejo da irrigação foi realizado para atender à demanda hídrica da cultura, monitorando- se as condições climáticas, utilizando uma estação meteorológica automática que estimava a ETo por meio de Penman-Monteith. Houve diferenças significativas entre os sistemas de preparo do solo e a irrigação (p<0,01). O tratamento com preparo CONV apresentou altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de ramos e largura média da copa respectivamente 13,8%, 10%, 16% e 19,2% superiores em relação aos demais sistemas de preparo (p<0,01). Os tratamentos irrigados foram 12,8%, 39,7%, 34,8% e 25,8% superiores aos não irrigados para as mesmas variáveis (p<0,01). Os sistemas de preparo de solo com SS e TO não apresentaram efeito na fase inicial de desenvolvimento com sistema radicular superficial. O sistema de gotejamento testado pode ser uma alternativa de baixo custo para irrigação na agricultura familiar.
Family farming is critical for Brazilian food security and economy. However, this sector has low investment capacity, which results in low utilization of production technologies. Alternative soil cultivation systems and inexpensive drip irrigation needs to be tested for family farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate different soil cultivation systems and the use of KIFNETTM drip irrigation in the initial vegetative growth of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) ‘Catuaí’ in an Oxisol. We tested three soil cultivation systems (plowing and harrowing/CONV; subsoiling at 30 cm/SS; and scarification, fertilization at 60 cm and harrowing/TO) and two irrigation treatments (irrigated and non-irrigated). The irrigation management addressed the crop water requirements by monitoring weather conditions using an automatic weather station and calculating the ETo using the Penman-Monteith equation. There were significant differences among the soil cultivation systems and irrigation (p<0.01). Treatments with CONV soil cultivation system presented higher plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and canopy width compared to the other soil cultivation systems (13.8%, 10%, 16%, and 19.2% respectively) (p <0 01). Irrigated treatments were 12.8%, 39.7%, 34.8%, and 25.8% higher than non-irrigated ones for the same variables (p <0.01). SS and TO soil cultivation systems presented no effect at the initial development stage because of the shallow root system. The tested drip irrigation system can be a low-cost alternative for irrigation in family farming.
Family farming is critical for Brazilian food security and economy. However, this sector has low investment capacity, which results in low utilization of production technologies. Alternative soil cultivation systems and inexpensive drip irrigation needs to be tested for family farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate different soil cultivation systems and the use of KIFNETTM drip irrigation in the initial vegetative growth of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) ‘Catuaí’ in an Oxisol. We tested three soil cultivation systems (plowing and harrowing/CONV; subsoiling at 30 cm/SS; and scarification, fertilization at 60 cm and harrowing/TO) and two irrigation treatments (irrigated and non-irrigated). The irrigation management addressed the crop water requirements by monitoring weather conditions using an automatic weather station and calculating the ETo using the Penman-Monteith equation. There were significant differences among the soil cultivation systems and irrigation (p<0.01). Treatments with CONV soil cultivation system presented higher plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and canopy width compared to the other soil cultivation systems (13.8%, 10%, 16%, and 19.2% respectively) (p <0 01). Irrigated treatments were 12.8%, 39.7%, 34.8%, and 25.8% higher than non-irrigated ones for the same variables (p <0.01). SS and TO soil cultivation systems presented no effect at the initial development stage because of the shallow root system. The tested drip irrigation system can be a low-cost alternative for irrigation in family farming.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica L., Manejos de irrigação, Irrigação localizada, Sistemas de preparo do solo
Citação
FERRAREZI, R. S. et al. Crescimento de mudas de café sob diferentes preparos do solo e irrigação para agricultura familiar. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 10, n. 1, p. 91-101, jan./mar. 2015.