Contribuição da calagem e adubação fosfatada na transição de cafezais para sistema agroflorestal no município de Apuí, Amazonas
Data
2015-11-23
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Editor
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Resumo
A adoção de práticas adequadas para produção em sistemas agroflorestais pode trazer benefícios para a agricultura na região da Amazônia. Em Apuí, no sudeste do Amazonas, um grupo de agricultores familiares iniciou um processo de transição com o cultivo de café para sistemas agroflorestais. Cafezais pouco sombreados foram enriquecidos com espécies arbóreas e algumas práticas de manejo foram estabelecidas. A calagem dos solos e adubação fosfatada foi realizada para reduzir a acidez do solo e para corrigir deficiências na disponibilidade de fósforo para as plantas. Estas características são normalmente encontradas nos Latossolos em terra firme da Amazônia brasileira e dificultam a manutenção da produtividade de culturas perenes. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos das práticas de calagem em três dosagens (0,3; 1; 2,8 t.ha - 1 ) e da adubação fosfatada com 50 gramas de superfosfato triplo por cafeeiro. Foram analisados solos de 14 cafezais localizados em 8 estabelecimentos rurais, sendo 8 lavouras com as práticas de manejo e 6 lavouras sem manejo. A adubação fosfatada foi eficiente para aumentar o teor de P disponível no solo em relação às áreas sem manejo quando esteve associada à calagem na dose recomendada (2,5 – 2,8 t. ha -1 ). Este aumento foi de 2,43 mg.kg -1 , elevando em média o teor de P disponível para 5,74 mg.kg -1 . Com a calagem na dose recomendada houve aumento mais significativo nos teores de Ca e Mg em relação às dosagens parcial (1 t. ha -1 ) e mínima (0,3 t. ha -1 ). A saturação de bases aumentou de 29% para 54% em média nos cafezais manejados e não houve diferença significativa entre as calagens recomendada e parcial. O pH dos solos aumentou de 4,14 em média para 4,66 nas áreas com manejo, enquanto que considerando apenas a calagem recomendada e parcial este aumento no pH foi para 4,71. A acidez trocável (H+Al) também foi reduzida nos solos com manejo e mostrou diferença significativa apenas entre a calagem recomendada e mínima. A partir de 1 t.ha -1 a calagem contribuiu para melhorar os atributos dos solos relacionados com a acidez e a saturação de bases.
The adoption of appropriate practices for production in agroforestry systems can provide benefits for the agriculture in the Amazon region. In Apuí, southeastern of Amazonas state, a group of farmers start up a transition process with the coffee crop for establish agroforestry systems. Slightly shaded coffee plantations were enriched with tree species and some management practices were established. Liming the soil and phosphorus fertilization were applied in order to reduce soil acidity and amend deficiencies in phosphorus availability to plants. These characteristics are commonly found in Latosols on Brazilian Amazon upland areas and it causes difficulties on the maintenance of perennial crops productivity. This study evaluated the effects of liming practices in three dosages (0.3, 1, 2.8 t.ha-1) and phosphorus fertilization per coffee plants with 50 grams of triple superphosphate. 14 coffee plantation soils located in 8 farms were analyzed, 8 crops with management practices and 6 crops without management. The phosphorus fertilization was efficient to increase the P available content in relation to areas without management while associated to liming recommended dosage (2.5 to 2.8 t.ha-1.). This increase was 2.43 mg.kg-1, bringing the P content available to 5.74 mg.kg-1. The liming at the recommended dosage had the most significant increase in Ca and Mg in relation to the partial (1 t.ha-1) and minimum (0.3 t.ha-1) dosages. The base saturation increased on average from 29% to 54% in managed coffee plantations and there was no significant difference between the recommended and partial liming. The soil pH increased on average from 4.14 to 4.66 in management areas, while considering only the recommended and partial liming this increasing in pH was 4.71. The exchangeable acidity (H + Al) was also reduced in soils with management and showed a significant difference only between the recommended and minimum liming. From 1 t.ha-1 liming contributed to improve the soil attributes related to acidity and base saturation.
The adoption of appropriate practices for production in agroforestry systems can provide benefits for the agriculture in the Amazon region. In Apuí, southeastern of Amazonas state, a group of farmers start up a transition process with the coffee crop for establish agroforestry systems. Slightly shaded coffee plantations were enriched with tree species and some management practices were established. Liming the soil and phosphorus fertilization were applied in order to reduce soil acidity and amend deficiencies in phosphorus availability to plants. These characteristics are commonly found in Latosols on Brazilian Amazon upland areas and it causes difficulties on the maintenance of perennial crops productivity. This study evaluated the effects of liming practices in three dosages (0.3, 1, 2.8 t.ha-1) and phosphorus fertilization per coffee plants with 50 grams of triple superphosphate. 14 coffee plantation soils located in 8 farms were analyzed, 8 crops with management practices and 6 crops without management. The phosphorus fertilization was efficient to increase the P available content in relation to areas without management while associated to liming recommended dosage (2.5 to 2.8 t.ha-1.). This increase was 2.43 mg.kg-1, bringing the P content available to 5.74 mg.kg-1. The liming at the recommended dosage had the most significant increase in Ca and Mg in relation to the partial (1 t.ha-1) and minimum (0.3 t.ha-1) dosages. The base saturation increased on average from 29% to 54% in managed coffee plantations and there was no significant difference between the recommended and partial liming. The soil pH increased on average from 4.14 to 4.66 in management areas, while considering only the recommended and partial liming this increasing in pH was 4.71. The exchangeable acidity (H + Al) was also reduced in soils with management and showed a significant difference only between the recommended and minimum liming. From 1 t.ha-1 liming contributed to improve the soil attributes related to acidity and base saturation.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Palavras-chave
Solos tropicais, Adubação fosfatada, Café agroflor
Citação
FIGUEIREDO, V. G. Contribuição da calagem e adubação fosfatada na transição de cafezais para sistema agroflorestal no município de Apuí, Amazonas. 2015. 31 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura no Trópico Úmido) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus. 2015.