Utilização da casca de café na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação
Data
2008-05
Título da Revista
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de determinar os valores nutricionais das cascas de café melosa (CM) e seca (CS) e avaliar seus níveis de inclusão sobre o desempenho e as características da carcaça de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. As cascas foram moídas em peneiras de 2,5 mm (CM2 e CS2) e 4,0 mm (CM4 e CS4). No experimento I, foram conduzidos dois ensaios de digestibilidade, utilizando 15 suínos machos castrados, com peso inicial de 45,7 ± 4,12 kg e de 77,5 ± 6,28 kg para as fases de crescimento e terminação, respectivamente. Os valores de ED (kcal/kg) para CM2, CM4, CS2 e CS4 foram 2.494, 2.498, 1.236 e 1.345. A CM apresentou valores de energia digestível (ED) superiores à CS; entretanto, a moagem não melhorou os valores de ED. No experimento II, foram utilizados 40 suínos híbridos comerciais com peso inicial de 33,42 ± 0,53 kg e de 59,0 ± 4,17 kg para as fases de crescimento e terminação, respectivamente. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de inclusão (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%) de CM4. Na fase de crescimento, o consumo diário de ração (CDR) apresentou diferença no último nível de inclusão (20%) quando comparado à ração-testemunha (RT). Foi observada redução linear do ganho diário de peso (GDP) com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão da CM4. A conversão alimentar (CA) foi semelhante entre os níveis de inclusão e a RT. Na fase de terminação, houve redução linear do CDR com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão da CM4. Houve efeito quadrático para o GDP, que foi melhor no nível de inclusão de 8,43%. Os valores de espessura de toucinho dos tratamentos com CM4 foram menores quando comparados à RT nas duas fases. Houve redução linear do peso de carcaça quente e peso de pernil nos níveis de inclusão. O rendimento de carcaça quente piorou com cada nível de inclusão em relação à RT. Os resultados sugerem que a CM pode ser incluída em níveis de até 5,0% na fase de crescimento e 9,5% na fase de terminação, por ser economicamente viável, sem prejudicar o desempenho, além de produzir carcaças mais magras.
Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional values of sticky (SC) and dry coffee hulls (DC) and their effects on the performance and carcass quality of growing and finishing pigs. The hulls were ground in 2.5 mm (for SC2 and DC2) and 4.0 mm (SC4 and DC4). In Exp 1, two digestibility assays were carried out with 15 barrow pigs weighting 45.7 ± 4.12 kg and 77.5 ± 6.28 kg for growing and finishing phases, respectively. The digestible energy (DE) values (kcal/kg) for SC2, SC4, DC2 and DC4 were 2,494, 2498, 1,236 and 1,345. The values of the SC showed DE values superior to DC, however, the grinding process did not improved the DE values. In experiment 2, 40 crossbred pigs were used, averaging initially 33.42 ± 0.53 kg and 59.45 ± 0.14 kg in the growing and finishing phases, respectively. Five SC4 inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) were evaluated. In the growing phase, the daily feed intake (DFI) presented differences for 20% inclusion level when compared with control diet (CD). There was a linear decrease on daily weight gain (DWG) when DC4 increase on diet and F: G ratio was the same for CM4 inclusions and CD. In the finishing phase, there was a linear reduction of DFI with the increasing inclusion SC4 level. There was quadratic effect for DWG, which was better in the inclusion of 8.43%. The backfat thickness values in SC4 treatments were lower as compared to CD in both phases. There was a linear reduction of hot carcass weight and ham weight in the inclusion levels. The hot carcass yielding worst in each inclusion levels as compared to CD. The results suggest that the inclusion up to 5.0% of SC4 in the growing phase and 9.5% in the finishing phase, because it is economically viable with no effect on performance, besides to produce lean meat carcasses.
Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional values of sticky (SC) and dry coffee hulls (DC) and their effects on the performance and carcass quality of growing and finishing pigs. The hulls were ground in 2.5 mm (for SC2 and DC2) and 4.0 mm (SC4 and DC4). In Exp 1, two digestibility assays were carried out with 15 barrow pigs weighting 45.7 ± 4.12 kg and 77.5 ± 6.28 kg for growing and finishing phases, respectively. The digestible energy (DE) values (kcal/kg) for SC2, SC4, DC2 and DC4 were 2,494, 2498, 1,236 and 1,345. The values of the SC showed DE values superior to DC, however, the grinding process did not improved the DE values. In experiment 2, 40 crossbred pigs were used, averaging initially 33.42 ± 0.53 kg and 59.45 ± 0.14 kg in the growing and finishing phases, respectively. Five SC4 inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) were evaluated. In the growing phase, the daily feed intake (DFI) presented differences for 20% inclusion level when compared with control diet (CD). There was a linear decrease on daily weight gain (DWG) when DC4 increase on diet and F: G ratio was the same for CM4 inclusions and CD. In the finishing phase, there was a linear reduction of DFI with the increasing inclusion SC4 level. There was quadratic effect for DWG, which was better in the inclusion of 8.43%. The backfat thickness values in SC4 treatments were lower as compared to CD in both phases. There was a linear reduction of hot carcass weight and ham weight in the inclusion levels. The hot carcass yielding worst in each inclusion levels as compared to CD. The results suggest that the inclusion up to 5.0% of SC4 in the growing phase and 9.5% in the finishing phase, because it is economically viable with no effect on performance, besides to produce lean meat carcasses.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alimento fibroso, Características de carcaça, Composição química, Desempenho, Digestibilidade, Granulometria
Citação
PARRA, A. R. P. et al. Utilização da casca de café na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 37, n. 3, p. 433-442, mar. 2008.