Inibidores protéicos e seu potencial uso no controle de insetos-praga de importância para a cultura do café e do feijão
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2005
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Resumo
Os inibidores de α-amilase e de proteinases vegetais tem sido amplamente estudados, devido ao papel destes fatores de resistência contra insetos-praga. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar inibidores de α-amilase e de proteinases, presentes em sementes de Phaseolus coccineus e sementes de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora), com potencial inseticida no controle da broca-do-café (Hypothenemus hampei) e de pragas de grãos armazenados de feijão Acanthoscelides obtectus e Callosobruchus maculatus. Um gene que codifica para o inibidor de α-amilase de 223 resíduos de aminoácidos, denominado α AI-Pc1 foi clonado de sementes de Phaseolus coccineus, acesso 35590. αAI- Pc1 tem 70 a 98% de identidade de aminoácidos com outros inibidores de α-amilases de feijão, já descritos. Uma construção contendo o gene α AI-Pc1, regulado pelo promoter da fitohemaglutinina PHA-L, foi introduzida em plantas de fumo, via Agrobacterium tumefasciens. A presença e expressão do gene α AI-Pc1 em plantas transformadas (parental T0 e geração T1) foi confirmada por reação de cadeia da polimerase (PCR), Western blot e ELISA. Extrato protéico das sementes de plantas transformadas reagiram positivamente com o anticorpo policlonal contra o anticorpo αAI-1, enquanto que nenhuma reação foi observada em plantas não transformadas. Ensaios imunológicos mostraram que αAI-Pc1 representa cerca de 0,05% da proteína solúvel total de sementes de plantas (T0). A proteína recombinante expressa em plantas de fumo foi biologicamente ativa onde 125 ng de inibidor αAI-Pc1 inibe 65% da atividade da α-amilase de H. hampei. Utilizando semente de P. coccineus, acesso 35619, um inibidor de proteinase serínica pertencente à classe Bowman-Birk foi purificado utilizando técnicas cromatográficas que incluem coluna de troca iônica DEAE-Cellulose, coluna de filtração molecular Superdex 75, coluna fase-reversa líquida de alta pressão Vydac C-18 e Source 5RPC. O inibidor, denominado de PcBBI1, é uma proteína rica em cisteína e estável ao calor em pH alcalino. Análises por MALDI-TOF/MS mostraram que o inibidor PcBBI1 esta presente em semente de P. coccineus na forma de um monômero de 8.689 Da ou de um dímero de 17.378 Da. O efeito inibitório de PcBBI1 foi analisado por ensaio in vitro para tripsina e quimotripsina pancreática bovina e para proteinases digestivas de larvas de H. hampei. O inibidor foi fortemente ativo contra as enzimas semelhantes à tripsina de H. hampei, inibindo 80% da atividade proteolítica. Adicionalmente, um inibidor de proteinase cisteínica foi isolado das sementes de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora). Este inibidor, denominado de Pj, foi purificado usando uma coluna de filtração molecular Sephacryl S-200 seguido por uma coluna de fase-reversa líquida de alta pressão Vydac 18 TP. O inibidor Pj mostrou uma massa molecular de 20.000 Da por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com SDS e massa molecular de 19.276 Da por espectrometria de massa. A inibição da papaína pelo inibidor Pj foi do tipo não-competitivo, com um valor de K i de 0.59 x 10 -9 . A atividade gelatinásica da papaína também foi fortemente inibida pelo inibidor Pj. A seqüência de aminoácidos da extremidade N-terminal do inibidor Pj mostrou homologia com a seqüência de aminoácidos da extremidade N-terminal de inibidores de proteinase da família Kunitz. Pj foi fortemente efetivo contra proteinases digestivas do gorgulho do feijão Acanthoscelides obtectus e do gorgulho de caupi Callosobruchus maculatus e foi moderadamente ativo contra proteinases digestivas do gorgulho da vagem Mimosestes mimosae e do gorgulho do feijão comum Zabrotes subfasciatus.
Plant α-amylase and proteinases inhibitors are extensively studied, in part due to their role as defense factors against insect pests. In this works, we have identified α-amylase and proteinase inhibitors, found in of Phaseolus coccineus bean and algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) seeds. Those molecules exhibit an insecticidal potential in the control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and pests from stored grains of beans Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus A gene encoding an α-amylase inhibitor protein of 223 amino acids residues, named αAI-Pc1, was isolated from an wild bean P. coccineus, acess 35590. αAI-Pc1 has 70-98% amino acid identity with other known bean α-amylase inhibitors. A construction with α AI-Pc1 gene driven by the PHA-L phytohemaglutinin promoter was introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The presence and expression of the α AI-Pc1 gene in regenerated (T0) and progeny (T1) transformant plants were determined by PCR amplification, enzyme-liked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis. Seed protein extracts from selected transformant reacted positively with polyclonal antibody raised against αAI-1, while no reaction was observed with untransformed plants. Immunological assays showed that αAI-Pc1 represented up to 0.05% of the total soluble proteins in seeds of T0 plants. The recombinant inhibitor expressed in tobacco plants was biologically active and 125 ng αAI-Pc1 inhibited 65% of the H. hampei α-amylase activity. A serine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the Bowman-Birk class was purified from P. coccineus seeds, acess 35619, using chromatographic techniques that include DEAE- Cellulose ionic exchange column, Superdex 75 gel filtration column and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography column (Vydac C-18 and Source 5RPC). The inhibitor, nominated PcBBI1, is a protein cystein-rich and heat stable at alkaline pH MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that the inhibitor is present in the seeds from P. coccineus as a monomer of 8.689 Da or a dimmer of 17.378 Da. The inhibitory effect of PcBBI1 towards trypsin and chymotrypsin from bovine pancreas and digestive proteinases from H. hampei larvae was analyzed in vitro assay. The inhibitor was highly active against trypsin-like enzymes from H. hampei, inhibiting 80% of proteolytic activity. Additionally, a proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against papain was found in seeds of the xerophytic algaroba tree (Prosopis juliflora). The proteinase inhibitor Pj was purified using Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a Vidac 18 TP. Inhibitor Pj showed a M r of 20.000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis an a M r of 19.276 Da by mass spectrometry. The inhibitor of papain by the Pj inhibitor was the noncompetitive type, with a K i value of 0.59 x 10 -9 M. The gelatinase activity of papain was strongly inhibited by Pj too. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Pj inhibitor showed homology with the N- terminal amino acid sequence of the Kunitz-proteinase inhibitor family. Pj was strongly effective against digestive proteinases from bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus and cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus. The data shown here suggest that the protein present in algaroba seeds is involved with defense responses to insects and may be an important tool to be used in engineering plants resistant to bean weevils.
Plant α-amylase and proteinases inhibitors are extensively studied, in part due to their role as defense factors against insect pests. In this works, we have identified α-amylase and proteinase inhibitors, found in of Phaseolus coccineus bean and algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) seeds. Those molecules exhibit an insecticidal potential in the control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and pests from stored grains of beans Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus A gene encoding an α-amylase inhibitor protein of 223 amino acids residues, named αAI-Pc1, was isolated from an wild bean P. coccineus, acess 35590. αAI-Pc1 has 70-98% amino acid identity with other known bean α-amylase inhibitors. A construction with α AI-Pc1 gene driven by the PHA-L phytohemaglutinin promoter was introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The presence and expression of the α AI-Pc1 gene in regenerated (T0) and progeny (T1) transformant plants were determined by PCR amplification, enzyme-liked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis. Seed protein extracts from selected transformant reacted positively with polyclonal antibody raised against αAI-1, while no reaction was observed with untransformed plants. Immunological assays showed that αAI-Pc1 represented up to 0.05% of the total soluble proteins in seeds of T0 plants. The recombinant inhibitor expressed in tobacco plants was biologically active and 125 ng αAI-Pc1 inhibited 65% of the H. hampei α-amylase activity. A serine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the Bowman-Birk class was purified from P. coccineus seeds, acess 35619, using chromatographic techniques that include DEAE- Cellulose ionic exchange column, Superdex 75 gel filtration column and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography column (Vydac C-18 and Source 5RPC). The inhibitor, nominated PcBBI1, is a protein cystein-rich and heat stable at alkaline pH MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that the inhibitor is present in the seeds from P. coccineus as a monomer of 8.689 Da or a dimmer of 17.378 Da. The inhibitory effect of PcBBI1 towards trypsin and chymotrypsin from bovine pancreas and digestive proteinases from H. hampei larvae was analyzed in vitro assay. The inhibitor was highly active against trypsin-like enzymes from H. hampei, inhibiting 80% of proteolytic activity. Additionally, a proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against papain was found in seeds of the xerophytic algaroba tree (Prosopis juliflora). The proteinase inhibitor Pj was purified using Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a Vidac 18 TP. Inhibitor Pj showed a M r of 20.000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis an a M r of 19.276 Da by mass spectrometry. The inhibitor of papain by the Pj inhibitor was the noncompetitive type, with a K i value of 0.59 x 10 -9 M. The gelatinase activity of papain was strongly inhibited by Pj too. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Pj inhibitor showed homology with the N- terminal amino acid sequence of the Kunitz-proteinase inhibitor family. Pj was strongly effective against digestive proteinases from bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus and cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus. The data shown here suggest that the protein present in algaroba seeds is involved with defense responses to insects and may be an important tool to be used in engineering plants resistant to bean weevils.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.
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Citação
PEREIRA, R. A. Inibidores protéicos e seu potencial uso no controle de insetos-praga de importância para a cultura do café e do feijão. 2005. 169 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Molecular) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria. 2005.