Atributos químicos do solo e estado nutricional de diferentes cultivares de cafeeiro robusta (coffea canephora) no Amazonas
Data
2022-09-16
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Editor
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Resumo
O cafeeiro é de grande importância social e econômica para o Brasil, que se destaca como o maior produtor mundial. As novas cultivares de robustas amazônicos desenvolvidos pela Embrapa foram produzidas a partir de cruzamentos entre plantas das variedades botânicas Conilon e Robusta. Os cruzamentos foram realizados em 2003 no campo experimental da Embrapa Rondônia. Um dos principais fatores limitantes para a obtenção de altas produtividades nos cafezais é a baixa fertilidade da grande maioria dos solos da Amazônia, sendo a adubação uma das principais estratégias para reverter essa deficiência. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar as condições de fertilidade do solo e os teores foliares dos macros e micronutrientes das diferentes cultivares do cafeeiro Robusta Amazônico (Coffea canephora), submetidos a mesma adubação na Associação Solidariedade Amazonas, no município de Silves no Amazonas. As variedades selecionadas foram BRS-1216, BRS-2314, BRS-3210, BRS-3213, BRS-3220, que foram plantadas em sistema de ‘clone em linha’, onde cada linha de plantio é formada por plantas de um mesmo genótipo. Cada linha de plantio avaliada foi composta por 80 plantas. As amostragens foram realizadas no mês abril de 2021, época em que as variedades estavam com idade de 1 ano e 11 meses após o plantio. As características avaliadas foram: Concentrações dos macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) e micronutrientes (Fe, Zn e Mn) nas folhas e os atributos químicos do solo. Quanto a caracterização nutricional das variedades, o BRS-2314 apresentou os resultados abaixo dos níveis aceitos como essenciais para a cultura do café nos teores de P, Ca e Mg. Na caracterização dos atributos químicos, o solo sob as variedades BRS-3220 e BRS-1216 apresentaram os menores teores de P, K, Ca, Cu e Fe nas duas profundidades avaliadas, quando comparado com as outras variedades de cafeeiros. A área avaliada possui teores elevados de P no solo, possivelmente em função do uso rotineiro de formulações comerciais, sem levar em consideração os resultados de análise de solo.
Coffee is of great social and economic importance for Brazil, which stands out as the largest producer in the world. The new cultivars of the Amazonian robusta were produced from crossings between plants of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta, the crossings were carried out in 2003 in the experimental field of Embrapa Rondônia. One of the main limiting factors for obtaining high productivity in coffee plantations is the low fertility of the vast majority of soils in the Amazon, with fertilization being one of the main strategies to reverse this deficiency. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the soil fertility conditions and the foliar contents of macro and micronutrients of the different cultivars of the Robusta Amazônico coffee tree (Coffea canephora), submitted to the same fertilization in Associação Solidariedade Amazonas, in the municipality of Silves in Amazonas. The selected varieties were BRS-3220, BRS-1216, BRS-3213, BRS-3210, BRS-2314, the varieties were planted in a 'line clone' system, where each planting line is formed by plants of the same genotype , each planting line evaluated was composed of 80 plants. Sampling was carried out in April 2021, when the varieties were aged 1 year and 11 months after planting. The characteristics evaluated were: Concentrations of macros (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) in the leaves and the chemical attributes of the soil. As for the nutritional characterization of the varieties, the BRS-2314 presented the results below the levels accepted as essential for the coffee culture in the levels of P, Ca and Mg. In the characterization of chemical attributes, the soil under the varieties BRS-3220 and BRS-1216 presented the lowest levels of P, K, Ca, Cu and Fe in the two evaluated depths, when compared to the other coffee varieties. The evaluated area has high levels of P in the soil, possibly due to the routine use of commercial formulations, without taking into account the results of soil analysis.
Coffee is of great social and economic importance for Brazil, which stands out as the largest producer in the world. The new cultivars of the Amazonian robusta were produced from crossings between plants of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta, the crossings were carried out in 2003 in the experimental field of Embrapa Rondônia. One of the main limiting factors for obtaining high productivity in coffee plantations is the low fertility of the vast majority of soils in the Amazon, with fertilization being one of the main strategies to reverse this deficiency. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the soil fertility conditions and the foliar contents of macro and micronutrients of the different cultivars of the Robusta Amazônico coffee tree (Coffea canephora), submitted to the same fertilization in Associação Solidariedade Amazonas, in the municipality of Silves in Amazonas. The selected varieties were BRS-3220, BRS-1216, BRS-3213, BRS-3210, BRS-2314, the varieties were planted in a 'line clone' system, where each planting line is formed by plants of the same genotype , each planting line evaluated was composed of 80 plants. Sampling was carried out in April 2021, when the varieties were aged 1 year and 11 months after planting. The characteristics evaluated were: Concentrations of macros (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) in the leaves and the chemical attributes of the soil. As for the nutritional characterization of the varieties, the BRS-2314 presented the results below the levels accepted as essential for the coffee culture in the levels of P, Ca and Mg. In the characterization of chemical attributes, the soil under the varieties BRS-3220 and BRS-1216 presented the lowest levels of P, K, Ca, Cu and Fe in the two evaluated depths, when compared to the other coffee varieties. The evaluated area has high levels of P in the soil, possibly due to the routine use of commercial formulations, without taking into account the results of soil analysis.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Palavras-chave
conilon, robustas amazônicos, silves, amazonian robusta, Coffea canephora, cafeeiro robusta
Citação
NASCIMENTO, Klisman de Almeida do. Atributos químicos do solo e estado nutricional de diferentes cultivares de cafeeiro robusta (coffea canephora) no Amazonas. 2022. 44 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura no Trópico Úmido) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus. 2022.