Susceptibilidade ao entupimento de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento para agricultura familiar
Data
2015-01
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Editora UFLA
Resumo
A agricultura familiar é um importante segmento do agronegócio, sendo responsável por parte significativa da produção de alimentos que abastece o mercado interno brasileiro. Fabricantes de equipamentos de irrigação desenvolveram alternativas tecnológicas para a produção familiar, como o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento KIFNET® que utiliza somente a ação da gravidade para pressurização dos gotejadores. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a variabilidade temporal das características hidráulicas de um sistema de irrigação familiar por gotejamento, instalado de acordo com orientações do fabricante na cultura do café, e inferir sobre a susceptibilidade dos emissores ao entupimento. A avaliação foi realizada na fase inicial de estabelecimento da cultura, durante a estação seca. Emissores novos foram avaliados hidraulicamente utilizando água limpa, com a determinação da curva característica para cinco valores de pressão de serviço. Também avaliou-se a susceptibilidade do equipamento ao entupimento (grau de entupimento, GE) do sistema instalado em campo e operando com água que possuía sólidos em suspensão. Na avaliação com água limpa, os emissores novos apresentaram 2,16% de coeficiente de variação, e 98,01 e 96,84% de coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e de distribuição (CUD), respectivamente. Na avaliação de campo, com o sistema operando nas condições de instalação preconizadas pelo fabricante, os coeficientes foram menores que os encontrados inicialmente (CUC=90,30% e CUD=85,79%), resultado da disposição dos equipamentos na área experimental, com declividade média de 10%, e do entupimento observado (GE=6,79%), após 24 eventos de irrigação. A uniformidade e a qualidade de fabricação do sistema foram classificadas como boas de acordo com a norma da ASABE para irrigação localizada, com grau de entupimento médio dentro do aceitável para o intervalo de utilização do equipamento, mostrando viabilidade técnica para aplicação na agricultura familiar, se utilizado de forma adequada e com manutenção preventiva.
Family farming is an important part of the agribusiness, accounting for a significant part of food production system that supplies the Brazilian domestic market. Irrigation equipment manufacturers have developed alternative technologies for family farming, as the KIFNETTM drip irrigation system, which uses only gravity to pressurize the emitters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variability of the hydraulic characteristics of a drip irrigation system for family farming, installed in accordance with manufacturer’s guidelines for coffee plants, and infer emitter clogging susceptibility. The evaluation was performed in the initial phase of plant growth during the dry season. New emitters were hydraulically evaluated using tap water, with the determination of the characteristic curve for five pressure values. We also evaluated the clogging susceptibility of the equipment (clogging degree, CD) when installed in the field and using water with suspended solids. In the evaluation with tap water, new emitters showed a coefficient of variation of 2.16 %, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CUC) of 98.01%, and distribution uniformity (DU) of 96.84%. In the field evaluation, with the system operating according to the manufacturer guidelines, the uniformity coefficients have reached lower values than the tests with tap water (CUC=90.30% and DU=85.79%), because of the equipment layout in the field – as the area had a slope of 10% – and by the emitters clogging (CD=6.79%) after 24 irrigation events. The system uniformity and the manufacturing quality were classified as good according to the ASABE standard for drip irrigation, with average clogging degree within the acceptable range for the assessment time, showing technical feasibility for application of this system in family farming if used properly and with preventive maintenance.
Family farming is an important part of the agribusiness, accounting for a significant part of food production system that supplies the Brazilian domestic market. Irrigation equipment manufacturers have developed alternative technologies for family farming, as the KIFNETTM drip irrigation system, which uses only gravity to pressurize the emitters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variability of the hydraulic characteristics of a drip irrigation system for family farming, installed in accordance with manufacturer’s guidelines for coffee plants, and infer emitter clogging susceptibility. The evaluation was performed in the initial phase of plant growth during the dry season. New emitters were hydraulically evaluated using tap water, with the determination of the characteristic curve for five pressure values. We also evaluated the clogging susceptibility of the equipment (clogging degree, CD) when installed in the field and using water with suspended solids. In the evaluation with tap water, new emitters showed a coefficient of variation of 2.16 %, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CUC) of 98.01%, and distribution uniformity (DU) of 96.84%. In the field evaluation, with the system operating according to the manufacturer guidelines, the uniformity coefficients have reached lower values than the tests with tap water (CUC=90.30% and DU=85.79%), because of the equipment layout in the field – as the area had a slope of 10% – and by the emitters clogging (CD=6.79%) after 24 irrigation events. The system uniformity and the manufacturing quality were classified as good according to the ASABE standard for drip irrigation, with average clogging degree within the acceptable range for the assessment time, showing technical feasibility for application of this system in family farming if used properly and with preventive maintenance.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura familiar, Gotejamento, Grau de entupimento
Citação
DEUS, F. P. et al. Susceptibilidade ao entupimento de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento para agricultura familiar. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 10, n. 1, p. 102-112, jan./mar. 2015.