UFV - Dissertações
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3
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Item Plants for fitness enhancement of a coffee leaf miner parasitoid(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-12-06) Calderón Arroyo, Carolina; Venzon, Madelaine; Pallini, Angelo; Togni, Pedro HenriqueConservative biological control aims to enhance the pest control through the conservation of natural enemies in the field, one of the strategies used is to introduce or manage plants that provide food for natural enemies. The effect of feeding resources on the fitness of a coffee leaf miner parasitoid Proacrias coffeae was assessed. To evaluate the effect of nectar on P. coffeae survival we used three flowering plants: Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora and Varronia curassavica; and we also tested the extrafloral nectar of a leguminous shrub Senna cernua. The parasitoids increase their survival when feeding on the floral nectar of V. curassavica and on the extrafloral nectar of S. cernua. No significant differences were found in their survival when feeding on B. pilosa and G. parviflora floral nectar. After promising results with the extrafloral nectar of S. cernua in the parasitoids survival, we evaluated its effect on the egg load of P. coffeae. The parasitoids increased their egg load when exposed to the extrafloral nectar and with increasing age. Our results show the potential of V. curassavica and S. cernua for providing nutritional resources to the parasitoid P. coffeae and therefore enhance their fitness by an increment of their survival when they were confine with the resource. In terms of conservative biological control, that means that introducing in the coffee agroecosystem feeding resources for P. coffeae can increase their success as biocontrol agents, not just by enhancing their survival but also their reproductive potential. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Proacrias coffeae. Nectar. Plant provided food.Item Intercropped plants as a reservoir of predatory mites in coffee crop with a description of a new species(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-08-27) Ferla, Júlia Jantsch; Pallini Filho, Angelo; Perez, André Lage; Araújo, Gustavo Júnior de; Venzon, Madelaine; Ferla, Noeli JuarezThis is the case of coffee crops in Brazil, which are of great importance to the country's economy. Currently, Brazil is the world main coffee exporter and the conventional system production consists in a monoculture with low plant diversification that uses chemical inputs to control pests. This system not only affects the target pest species, different arthropods and pathogens but also many other beneficial species that can play important roles in maintaining the ecosystem due to the services they provide, such as pollination and biological control. Hence, the conservation biological control can be an alternative to pesticides while controlling insect and mite pests in agroecosystems. The use of conservation biological control practices could be done with a variety of integrated strategies using ecological services from the local biodiversity. One strategy is using plants that provide shelter and alternative food to predatory mites, such as nectar and pollen, increasing biodiversity in agroecosystems in order to reach a sustainable control of pests. | studied the mite community from a taxonomic perspective in a coffee system intercropped interspersed on a side strip with plants that provided nectar and pollen for the arthropod community. My aim was to evaluate if the communities of predators and phytophagous mites present on coffee crops changed if their distance from the selected Intercropped Plants Species (IPS) increased. | also investigated the composition of predatory and phytophagous mite species on the IPS and assessed the role of these plants as a conservative biological control strategy. Finally, | described a new Tydeidae species sampled on coffee and Inga plants. The study was carried out at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, in Patrocínio county, Minas Gerais state. To do so, the mites were recorded on IPS and in different distances on coffee transects of 16 m (4, 8, 12 and 16 meters) extending from IPS. Morphological identification of the new tydeid species was made with a microscope with phase contrast and dichotomous key and drawings were made using Adobe lllustrator® program. | show that the IPS do not modify the community of predators and phytophagous mites in coffee along the distance, but they harbor herbivorous mites that are not pests on coffee. Those mites can be an alternative prey to increase the population of predators on these plants, assisting in the biological control of mite pests in the coffee crops. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Agroecosystem diversification. Ecosystem service. Tydeidae. Taxonomy.Item Intercropped plants as a reservoir of predatory mites in coffee crop with a description of a new species(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-08-27) Ferla, Júlia Jantsch; Pallini Filho, Angelo; Ferla, Noeli Juarez; Venzon, Madelaine; Araújo, Gustavo Júnior de; Lage Perez, AndréThis is the case of coffee crops in Brazil, which are of great importance to the country's economy. Currently, Brazil is the world main coffee exporter and the conventional system production consists in a monoculture with low plant diversification that uses chemical inputs to control pests. This system not only affects the target pest species, different arthropods and pathogens but also many other beneficial species that can play important roles in maintaining the ecosystem due to the services they provide, such as pollination and biological control. Hence, the conservation biological control can be an alternative to pesticides while controlling insect and mite pests in agroecosystems. The use of conservation biological control practices could be done with a variety of integrated strategies using ecological services from the local biodiversity. One strategy is using plants that provide shelter and alternative food to predatory mites, such as nectar and pollen, increasing biodiversity in agroecosystems in order to reach a sustainable control of pests. | studied the mite community from a taxonomic perspective in a coffee system intercropped interspersed on a side strip with plants that provided nectar and pollen for the arthropod community. My aim was to evaluate if the communities of predators and phytophagous mites present on coffee crops changed if their distance from the selected Intercropped Plants Species (IPS) increased. | also investigated the composition of predatory and phytophagous mite species on the IPS and assessed the role of these plants as a conservative biological control strategy. Finally, | described a new Tydeidae species sampled on coffee and Inga plants. The study was carried out at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, in Patrocínio county, Minas Gerais state. To do so, the mites were recorded on IPS and in different distances on coffee transects of 16 m (4, 8, 12 and 16 meters) extending from IPS. Morphological identification of the new tydeid species was made with a microscope with phase contrast and dichotomous key and drawings were made using Adobe lllustrator® program. | show that the IPS do not modify the community of predators and phytophagous mites in coffee along the distance, but they harbor herbivorous mites that are not pests on coffee. Those mites can be an alternative prey to increase the population of predators on these plants, assisting in the biological control of mite pests in the coffee crops. Keywords: Conservative biological control. Agroecosystem diversification. Ecosystem service. Tydeidae. Taxonomy.Item Interações ecológicas do tripes predador Trybomia sp. (Thysanoptera: Phaeothripidae) com Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1987)(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) em sistemas agroflorestais(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2020-02-27) Coffler, Thais; Venzon, Madelaine; Lima, Élison Fabrício BezerraA broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei, é a praga mais importante do café no mundo, causando perdas significativas e afetando muitos produtores de café. Além disso, o hábito críptico da broca torna essa praga extremamente difícil de ser controlada. Tripes do gênero Trybomia foram observados se alimentando de estádios imaturos da broca-do-café, em laboratório e em frutos de café broqueados no campo na Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brasil. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre as interações ecológicas desse tripes com a broca-do-café e sua associação com diferentes plantas presentes em sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) de café. Visando compreender as interações do tripes Trybomia sp. em sistemas agroflorestais de café com a broca-do-café, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a eficiência do tripes na redução dos ataques causados nos frutos de café por H. hampei, bem como a presença e a sobrevivência de Trybomia sp. em diferentes hospedeiros. No capítulo 1, foi avaliada a capacidade do tripes em predar e reduzir os ataques causados pela broca-do-café em frutos do cafeeiro. No capítulo 2, foram amostradas diferentes plantas presentes em SAFs de café, para observar a presença de Trybomia sp. Também foi avaliada a interação do tripes com algumas das plantas presentes em SAFs e sua relação com os nectários extraflorais do ingá, Inga edulis. A infestação pela broca foi maior na ausência do tripes, portanto, possivelmente, a presença do tripes interfere na infestação da broca nos frutos. No entanto, os tripes não foram eficientes em predar adultos da broca-do-café. Das 22 plantas amostradas nos SAFs, em apenas cinco foram encontrados indivíduos de Trybomia sp. Foi encontrada diferença significativa na sobrevivência do tripes em folhas de café (Coffea arábica), capoeira-branca (Solanum granulosoleprosum), canela-pororoca (Tapirira guianensis), ingá (Inga edulis) e quaresmeira (Tibouchina granulosa). No entanto, nenhum tripes atingiu a fase adulta se alimentando somente dos diferentes hospedeiros. Para o experimento de sobrevivência em nectários de ingá, houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos folíolo e NEFs. Os tripes Trybomia sp. sobreviveram mais tempo quando expostos ao nectários extraflorais quando comparados ao folíolo de ingá. Com isso, possivelmente os tripes podem se beneficiar das folhas na escassez de outras fontes de alimentos, como as presas. Plantas com nectários extraflorais como o ingá também podem contribuir para a manutenção da população de Trybomia sp., contribuindo para o controle biológico de H. hampei. Palavras-chave: Broca-do-café. Inimigo natural. Café arábica. Inga edulis.