Acta Agronómica
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/13094
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Item Comparison of fructification efficiency between reciprocal crosses in Coffea canephora(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2023-10-09) Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Fonseca, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da; Ferrão, Romário Gava; Volpi, Paulo Sérgio; Verdin Filho, Abrão Carlos; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Riva-Souza, Elaine ManelliThis study aimed to assess and compare the behavior of superior genotypes of Coffea canephora in terms of fruiting capacity using directed hybridizations in a full diallel design with reciprocals.Hybridizations were performed using 12 possible combinations between genotypes 02, 03, 23 and 83 from the Incaper breeding program. High estimates of the genotypic coefficient of determination in terms of the total number of pinheads per cross (TNP) and fruit set (FS) indicated variability of genetic nature. FS averaged 52,27%, ranging from 31,32% to 82,09%, with the higher rates relating to clone 23 as the male parent. Differences were found between reciprocal crosses in the combinations with genotype 23, which emerged as the donor plant with the best fruiting rate, but poor receiving ability. Clone 83 prevailed as the best receiving plant and the least effective donor. In the comparison of these two genotypes, antagonism was observed in their behavior when they were used as pollen-donor plants (male parents) and pollen-receiver plants (female parents), highlighting their possible maternal effect. Crosses involving clones 02 and 03 showed no differences when used reciprocally. The estimates of genotypic correlations were negative for the four associations involving the FS characteristic, being of greater magnitude with TNP.Item Phylogenetic relationship of coffee leaf rust in the central jungle of Peru(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2021-10-04) Gamarra Gamarra, Delia Palmira; Suarez, Gilberto Torres; Quiñonez, Charo Milagros Villar; McTaggart, Alistair R.; Lozano, Emerson Clovis CarrascoCoffee leaf rust is the main disease that causes significant losses in Coffea arabica. In Peru, this disease caused epidemics between 2008 and 2013 with production losses of 35 %. The objective was to identify H. vastatrix using a morphological and molecular approach based on a phylogenetic species concept. Coffee leaf samples with symptoms of chlorotic lesions with the presence of yellow uredospores at different severity stages of different cultivars were collected from 11 locations in the departments of Pasco and Junin during 2017-2018. DNA was purified as proposed by Cristancho and coworkers. The major subunit of ribosomal DNA was amplified with universal primers LR0R and LR5, and sequenced by Macrogen and deposited in GenBank. Sequences from the genera Achrotelium, Blastospora, Cystopsora, Hemileia, and Mikronegeria were included for phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the rust was distributed in coffee growing regions of Pasco: Villa Rica (Catimor, Caturra, and Gran Colombia); Oxapampa (Yellow Caturra), and Junín: San Luis de Shuaro (Catimor), Chanchamayo (Catimor), San Ramón (Catimor), Vitoc (Caturra), Pichanaki (Caturra), Río Negro (Caturra), Pangoa (Yellow Caturra, Gran Colombia, Limani). It was also grouped into a single clade with isolated H. vastatrix from Mexico and Australia, suggesting that they come from a common ancestor. This is the first confirmed report using molecular barcoding of H. vastatrix in the central jungle of Peru.Item Efecto de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares en clones de café (Coffea arabica) variedad Caturra(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2019) Vallejos-Torres, Geomar; Sánchez, Tito; García, Marco A.; Trigoso, Marcial; Arévalo, Luis A.Se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en las características morfológicas de plantas clonales de café (Coffea arabica L.) variedad Caturra en ambientes de invernadero. El estudio fue realizado en la provincia de Rodríguez de Mendoza, región Amazonas, Perú, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones y trece tratamientos. Los hongos micorrícicos fueron aislados de fincas cafetaleras y multiplicados con plantas trampas de maíz (Zea mays). Los clones de café fueron enraizados en sustrato esterilizado y posteriormente inoculados con 1500 esporas del hongo. Los mejores resultados se encontraron con los hongos provenientes de San Nicolás-1 inoculados en la variedad Típica, inóculos provenientes de Omia V en esta misma variedad y de Omia VI en la variedad Caturra. Con estos inóculos se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.005) en altura de planta, producción de MS de la parte aérea y radicular en relación con el testigo sin inocular. La colonización radicular y la población de micelio extra-radicular fueron afectados por la procedencia de los HMA. Este estudio confirma que el cultivo de café es dependiente de la asociación simbiótica con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares nativos (HMA-N), ayudando en la absorción de nutrientes y agua necesarios para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas.Item Características morfológicas de variedades de café cultivadas en condiciones de sombra(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2019) Pino, Manuel Emilio Milla; Cruz, Segundo Manuel Oliva; Espinoza, Santos Triunfo Leiva; Silva, Roicer Collazos; Torres, Oscar Andrés Gamarra; Gurbillón, Miguel Ángel Barrena; Quintana, Jorge Luis MaiceloEl cultivo de café es una de las principales actividades agrícolas en la región Amazonas de Perú. El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de las variedades Catimor, Maragogipe y Castillo de café (Coffea arabica), establecidas bajo un sistema agroforestal, empleando como sombra árboles de Eucalyptus torreliana, Colubrina glandulosa y Pinus tecunumanii. El estudio de inició en 2017 en el distrito de Huambo, Provincia de Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas-Perú. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar, y consistió en tres bloques y nueve tratamientos. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, altura hasta la primera hoja, número de hojas, estado general de la planta y diámetro del tallo. La metodología utilizada consistió en análisis individual para cada tiempo, prueba de homogeneidad de varianzas y análisis conjunto en el tiempo para un mismo espacio, considerando la interacción tratamiento x tiempo, en evaluaciones a 30, 60, 90, 120 y 150 días después del establecimiento del cultivo. Los resultados indican que la variedad de café Castillo, tanto bajo sombra de P. tecunumanii como de C. glandulosa, presentó el mejor comportamiento agronómico; mientras que la variedad Maragogipe bajo sombra de E. torreliana o de C. glandulosa mostró un deficiente comportamiento agronômico.Item Mirmecofauna asociada a cafetales bajo sombra en Quipile, Cundinamarca, Colombia(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018) Gamba, Ricardo MartínezLa abundancia y variedad de microhábitats en los cultivos de café bajo sombra favorecen las poblaciones de hormigas. En cuatro fincas de la vereda Guadalupe alto del municipio de Quipile, Cundinamarca (Colombia) se determinaron la diversidad, la composición y los gremios de hormigas asociadas con el cultivo de café (Coffea arábiga) bajo sombra de Inga sp., Tabebuia rosea, Musa sp. y Citrus sp. Los muestreos se realizaron utilizando trampas de ‘caída y captura manual’ en épocas seca y de lluvia. En total, se registraron 82 morfoespecies distribuidas en 30 géneros y nueve subfamilias. Las eficiencias de muestreo variaron entre 78 y 82% con los estimadores CHAO2 e ICE; además, se encontró una baja similitud (< 60%) entre las fincas y entre los estratos suelo y tronco de árbol. Se identificaron especies exclusivas en las fincas como Heteroponera microps, Heteroponera inca, Odontomachus erytrocephalus y se registran por primera vez para Cundinamarca el género Proceratium y la especie Neoponera chyseri que incrementa la gran riqueza de especies de hormigas conocidas. Por otro lado, se encontró un total de nueve gremios presentes en todas las fincas del estudio y fueron reportados género como Azteca, Crematogaster, Linephitema, Pheidole y Solenopsis catalogados como potenciales controladores biológicos, lo que evidencia una forma de equilibrios ecosistémicos benéficos para el café bajo sombra en la zona.Item Soil humidity and evapotranspiration under three coffee (Coffea arabica L.) planting densities at Naranjal experimental station (Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia)(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018) Bermúdez-Florez, Leidy Natalia; Cartagena-Valenzuela, José Régulo; Ramírez-Builes, Víctor HugoCoffee cultivation depends on water supplied by rain or irrigation, which, in turn, affect productivity and harvest distribution. Knowing the influence of plant spacing on the behavior of soil moisture and water consumption, is likely to determine a crop’s planting density, fertilization and planting times, all based on regional water availability. In this context, the study was conducted at Naranjal Experimental Station, municipality of Chinchiná (Caldas, Colombia) at 04° 58’ N, 75° 39’ W; 1,381 m a.s.l., aimed to describe moisture performance in a coffee plantation established on an Andisol, under three planting densities. This was done by estimating the evapotranspiration (ETo) and assessing crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Soil moisture was measured with a capacitance probe equipped with sensors spaced at 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm. Moisture content in the soil profile varied with planting density and from dry to humid periods. ETo and ETc were observed to be influenced by weather conditions, which determined higher values during the dry season and lower ones in the rainy season. Although planting density was found to affect hydraulic soil properties, sufficient water supply for the plants along both humid and dry seasons was stabilized by the water storage capacity that characterizes Andisols. The capacitance probe constitutes an effective tool for studying water performance in soils with coffee vocation in Colombia, especially when they are sensitive to the limitations imposed by water deficit resulting, in turn, from current or future climate variability.Item Nutritional evaluation of silage with coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) cherry for ruminant supplementation(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018) Aguirre-Fernández, Paola Andrea; Acosta-Pinto, Liria María; Cardozo-Corzo, Luz Dary; Rodríguez-Arenas, Sergio Andrés; Corredor-Sánchez, Guillermo ArturoThe aim of this study was to evaluate nutritionally coffee cherry (Coffea Arabica L.) silages with different additives: efficient microorganisms (EM) and kumis, to be used in ruminant supplementation. Micro silos were prepared according to treatments: a control treatment with coffee cherry and two experimental treatments with additives (cherry + EM and cherry + commercial kumis). Five fermentation times (1, 8, 16, 21 and 31 days) were evaluated for pH and temperature, and three fermentation times (1, 16 and 31 days) were evaluated for dry matter, protein and neutral detergent fiber; organoleptic indicator evaluation (smell, color and texture) was performed at day 31. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement was used and linear effects, quadratic and cubic were tested over time using a regression analysis. The results did not show any statistical differences between treatments (P >.05) for pH (4.0), temperature values showed highly significant differences (P < .01), with an initial temperature of 25.3°C, which stabilized over time at 23.9°C. Dry matter did not show any differences (P >.05) among treatments, with similar content (20.6%). Regarding protein, significant differences were found (P < .05), being higher for the treatment with kumis (18.1 %) which shows that the additives addition, has a positive effect on the nutritional content. Organoleptic indicators were within the parameters estimated as acceptable for animal feeding.Item The Associativity: a local development strategy for Ocamonte (APCO) coffee growers in Santander, Colombia(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017) Torres, Ligia Inés Melo; Torres, María Mercedes Melo; Pinto, Dora Esther FonsecaThe market liberalization policy is forcing business sectors and localities to generate strategies aimed to improving the living conditions of entrepreneurs and at the same time, being competitive. The present study exhibits the major contributions to local development, obtained from the creation associativity strategy of small coffee growers in Ocamonte (APCO), Santander-Colombia. It was observed that contributions evidenced in the dimension improvements as follows: socio-cultural, economic, environmental and policy- institutional, respectively. Given these concerns, a descriptive study with a sample of 45 associates was designed, from which in the second half of 2015, a structured survey was applied, evidencing the perceptions of the associates in relation of their achievements, evidenced associativity for more than 20 years, entering into fair trade agreements, improving their living conditions, being competitive and contributing to local development of their municipality. In fact, these results were corroborated in information obtained in interviews with members of the director board of the coffee growers association, as well as officials of the City Hall and schoolteachers in the association area of influence.Item Minority compounds and sensory analysis evaluation of Coffea arabica var. caturra cultivated in three different altitudinal ranges(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017) Bolivar, Jennifer Tatiana Cruz; Pérez, Wilson Rodríguez; Salazar, Juan Carlos Suárez; Espinosa, Claudia Mercedes Ordoñez; Cano, Gustavo Adolfo VegaThe composition of minority compounds in samples of roasted and ground coffee (Coffea arabica var. caturra) cultivated in three altitudinal ranges 1300-1400, 1400-1600, 1600-1800 m. a. s. l., in the Huila department of Colombia were determined. The samples were collected in July of 2012. pH, total acidity and total lipids were measured. Subsequently, the composition of total lipids after esterification and gas chromatography analysis coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established. Quality cup test considering the following attributes: fragrance/aroma, taste, residual flavor, acidity, body, uniformity, balance, clean cup, sweetness, quality and note, were performed. No statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in pH, titratable acidity, total time of roasting and cracking time was determined. Significant difference was found in% humidity range: 1300-1400 m relative to the ranges: 1400-1600 and 1600-800 meters. As for the major compounds are predominantly: stigmasterol, sitosterol, 4-methylpentanamide and 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) buta-1,3-diene, in the altitudinal ranges evaluated. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in the evaluated attributes at the quality cup test at different altitudinal range.Item Estructura del dosel y coeficientes de extinción teóricos en genotipos de café arábico en Colombia(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2016) Muñoz, Carlos Andres Unigarro; Robledo, Alvaro Jaramillo; Ruales, Lizardo Norbey Ibarra; Ramos, Claudia Patricia FlórezLa estructura del dosel tiene un marcado efecto sobre la interceptación de la radiación y la fotosíntesis de la planta, además de otros procesos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Estación Central Naranjal de CENICAFÉ (Cen tro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café – Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia) sobre 25 genotipos de Coffea arabica L., divididos en dos grupos. El primer grupo, con plantas de porte alto (3.6 años) y el segundo con plantas de porte bajo (2.6 años), ambos sembrados a una densidad de 5000 plantas.ha-1. La distribución de los ángulos de las hojas y las ramas en el dosel se caracterizaron en los diferentes genotipos evaluados, así mismo los coeficientes de extinción teóricos de la radiación solar directa y difusa fueron estimados. En los genotipos de porte alto pre dominaron las distribuciones foliares plagiófila y esférica, mientras que en los de porte bajo fue la planófila. El parámetro x representa a la distribución elipsoidal de los ángulos foliares, este valor varió entre 0.09 y 2.21 para los genotipos de porte alto (verticales y esféricos) y entre 1.90 y 3.98 para los de porte bajo (horizontales). Los coeficientes de extinción teóricos para la radiación directa derivados del parámetro x variaron entre 0.63 a 0.83 para el grupo de porte alto, mientras que en el porte bajo mostraron valores entre 0.84 a 0.93. Para la radiación difusa, los coeficientes presentaron la misma tendencia, pero con valores menores. En cuanto al ángulo de incli nación de las ramas, se caracterizó por ser predominantemente planófilo.