Planta Daninha
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10364
Navegar
20 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Response of arabica coffee cultivars to competition from beggarticks(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2019) Borges, L.G.M.; Miranda, F.R.; Borges, A.M; Silva, J.R.O.; Campos, A.A.V.; Ronchi, C.P.The goal of this study was to analyze the response of Arabica coffee cultivars grown under three levels of Bidens pilosa (beggarticks) interference. At 30 days after transplanting (DAT) of 14 Arabica coffee cultivars into 11 L pots, beggarticks was seeded in the pots and soon after emergence, three levels of weed infestation were established: none, low (two plants per pot), and high (five plants per pot). Treatments were arranged in a 14 × 3 factorial scheme under a completely randomized design, with four replicates. Coffee plant growth was evaluated at both weed emergence and blossoming (90 DAT) when the experiment was completed. Regardless beggarticks infestation levels, significant effects of cultivars occurred on almost all the coffee growth variables. Specifically, the Arabica coffee cultivars Arara, Asa Branca, and Bourbon Amarelo exhibited greater values for root, leaf, shoot, and whole plant dry matter when compared with the other cultivars. The Arabica coffee cultivars presented lower leaf area increments, and also lower leaf, shoot, and whole plant dry matter accumulation when grown under either low or high infestation levels (between which there were no statistical differences, p>0.05) in comparison with that under the weed-free treatment. However, there were no significant interactions between Arabica coffee cultivars and weed infestation levels for those crop growth variables. We conclude that all Arabica coffee cultivars tested were equally susceptible to B. pilosa competition in this phase of crop implantation.Item Association of chemical and mechanical weed control methods during the pre-harvest of coffee crops(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2020) Ronchi, Cláudio P.Background: Weed control in the pre-harvest of the coffee crop is essential to enable mechanized coffee harvesting. Objective: Testing the efficacy of pre-emergent herbicides, applied after brush shredder or desiccation operations, on the weed control during the coffee crop’s pre-harvest. Methods: Two separate trials were accomplished in commercial Coffea arabica crops in the Cerrado Mineiro Region. In the first one, oxyfluorfen and sulfentrazone were applied after either brush shredder or burndown operation; in the second, they were tested as a tank mixture with glyphosate. Results: In the first assay, the brush shredder use, associated to the rains that follow, stimulated a sharp weed infestation during the preharvest, which was not observed in desiccated plots. A sole application of oxyfluorfen or sulfentrazone, following either brush shedder or desiccation operation, effectively controlled the weeds; however, the sequential applications on burndown areas may be needless. The applied herbicides did not intoxicate the coffee plants nor affect their growth. In the second assay, both herbicide mixtures were highly efficient on the weed control through post-emergence application during the pre-harvest, what was not observed with a sole application of glyphosate. In both experiments, a dry period during winter, associated to the operations to gather fallen coffee fruit, collectively contributed to control weeds. Differently from oxyfluorfen, the residual effect of sulfentrazone was high enough to control weed even in the beginning of the rainy season. Conclusion: Sulfentrazone and oxyfluorfen were effective on the weed control in the pre-harvest of the coffee crop, mainly when applied after brush shedder operations.Item Leaf morphoanatomy and biochemical variation coffee cultivars under drift simulation of glyphosate(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2018) Reis, L.A.C.; Carvalho, F.P.; França, A.C.; Francino, D.M.T.; Pinto, N.A.V.D.; Freitas, A.F.The most widely used herbicide in coffee crop is glyphosate, it inhibits the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, responsible for structures and substances of plant defense. This work aimed to evaluate the morphoanatomy, total phenols, flavonoids and caffeine in leaves of Arabica coffee submitted to different sub-doses of glyphosate. The treatments were combinations of three coffee cultivars (MGS Travessia, Oeiras MG 6851 and Catuaí IAC 144) and five sub-doses of glyphosate (0.0, 57.6, 115.2, 230.4 and 460.8 g a.e. ha-1 ). The total thickness of the leaf blade, thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, in addition to the total phenol, total flavonoids and caffeine were evaluated 30 days after spraying. Catuaí showed a reduction in the total leaf thickness, while the others cultivars had an increase. The thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis and palisade parenchyma was reduced, and the spongy parenchyma increased with increasing doses of glyphosate, regardless of the cultivars. There was an increase on the total phenols up to 115.2 g ha-1 glyphosate, and above this dose, the concentrations of phenols were reduced. The Travessia and Oeiras cultivars obtained a reduction of flavonoids up to 115.2 g ha-1 ; and above this dose, the concentration of flavonoids increased. The Catuaí cultivar showed an opposing behavior of the concentration of flavonoids. Oeiras and Catuaí showed a decrease of caffeine up to 115.2 g ha-1 and an increase at higher doses. Travessia showed an increase of caffeine in sub-doses above 115.2 g ha-1 . The three cultivars showed a higher concentration of phenols in the palisade parenchyma after the application of glyphosate drift. Glyphosate reduces the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis and palisade parenchyma, and increases the thickness of spongy parenchyma. Doses of glyphosate above 230.4 g ha-1 result in the reduction of total phenols. The concentration of flavonoids and caffeine has varying effects with glyphosate application.Item Seletividade e controle de plantas daninhas com o xyfluorfen e sulfentrazone na implantação de lavoura de café(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2012-12) Magalhães, C.E.O.; Ronchi, C.P.; Ruas, R.A.A.; Silva, M.A.A; Araújo, F.C.; Almeida, W.L.Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a seletividade do oxyfluorfen e do sulfentrazone e o controle de plantas daninhas em diferentes épocas após o transplantio das mudas de café no campo. Foram realizados três ensaios no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. No ensaio 1, aos 30 dias após o transplantio (DAT) e, no ensaio 2, aos 90 DAT, testaram-se duas doses de oxyfluorfen (0,36 e 0,72 kg i.a. ha-1 ) e de sulfentrazone (0,4 e 0,6 kg i.a. ha-1 ), em jato dirigido ao solo (com proteção das mudas) e em área total. No ensaio 3, os mesmos herbicidas e doses foram aplicados, porém aos 300 DAT e apenas em aplicação dirigida, testando-se duas pontas de pulverização de diferentes potenciais de deriva. Em todos os ensaios, acrescentaram-se as testemunhas capinada e sem capina. A entrelinha foi manejada com roçada. Foram identificadas as espécies de plantas daninhas e suas densidades. A eficácia dos herbicidas e suas seletividades também foram avaliadas. A principal planta daninha que ocorreu na área experimental foi Brachiaria decumbens. Sintomas visuais de toxicidade foram observados apenas quando os herbicidas foram aplicados em área total (ensaios 1 e 2), independentemente da dose e época de aplicação. No ensaio 3, independentemente do herbicida, da dose e da ponta utilizada, não houve sintomas visuais de toxicidade, nem redução no crescimento das plantas, em função da aplicação dirigida. Em todas as épocas o controle de plantas daninhas foi eficiente, porém a seletividade só foi alcançada na aplicação dirigida, para ambos os herbicidas.Item Optimizing the width of strip weeding in arabica coffee relation to crop age(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2012-01) Araújo, F.C.; Ronchi, C.P.; Almeida, W.L.; Silva, M.A.A.; Magalhães, C.E.O.; Good-God, P.I.V.The aim of this study was to determine the weed strip control (WSC) required for adequate coffee growth after transplanting. A non-irrigated, field-planted (spaced 3.80 x 0.70 m) crop was used. The experimental design was a randomized block, with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in a 9 x 18 split-plot design to test the WSC of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 190 cm, which involved continuously hand-weeding at each side of the coffee row, and 18 coffee growth measurements. Multiple regression analyses were carried out relating to growth-variables as a function of both WSC and growth-evaluation times. Brachiaria decumbens was the main weed accomplishing 88.5% of the total weed dry mass. The minimum width of the WSC increases as the crop ages after transplanting. Assuming reductions of 2% and 5% in the maximum coffee growth, the recommended WSC was 75 and 52 cm at 4 months after transplanting (MAT), 104 and 85 cm at 6 MAT, 123 and 105 cm at 9 MAT, 134 and 116 cm at 12 MAT, 142 and 124 cm at 15 MAT, and 148 and 131 cm at 18 MAT, respectively. It was concluded that integrated weed management in young coffee crops must focus on the weed control only in a minimum range along coffee rows, which increases with coffee plant age, keeping natural vegetation in the inter-rows.Item Teor foliar de nutrientes em plantas daninhas e de café cultivadas em competição(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2012-01) Fialho, C.M.T.; Silva, A.A.; Faria, A.T.; Torres, L.G.; Rocha, P.R.R.; Santos, J.B.Neste trabalho avaliou-se o acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas jovens de café e em plantas daninhas cultivadas em competição com a cultura. Mudas de café arábica cultivar Mundo Novo no estádio de quatro a cinco pares de folhas completamente expandidas foram transplantadas para vasos contendo 25 dm 3 de substrato. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4 x 4), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro espécies de plantas daninhas: Digitaria horizontalis, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea e Mucuna aterrima, em quatro densidades de infestação (zero, duas, quatro e seis plantas por vaso), em convivência por 90 dias com uma planta de café. Para determinação dos teores foliares dos nutrientes das plantas de café e das plantas daninhas, realizou-se coleta de folhas na parte mediana das plantas de café e das plantas daninhas. Todas as espécies de plantas daninhas, quando em convivência com o café, proporcionaram menor teor de nutrientes nas folhas da cultura, principalmente com o incremento da densidade de plantas, exceto para as concentrações de N nas folhas do cafeeiro que conviveram com M. aterrima. Os teores de nutrientes nas folhas das plantas daninhas diferiram por espécie, indicando capacidade diferenciada de ciclagem de nutrientes. As espécies daninhas destacaram-se com maior teor foliar de alguns nutrientes, sendo D. horizontalis em P e Fe, B. plantaginea em P, Mg, Mn e Zn e M. aterrima em N, Ca e Zn, independentemente da densidade de infestação.Item Sourgrass densities affecting the in intial growth and macronutrient content of coffee plants(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2013-01) Carvalho, L.B.; Alves, P.L.C.A.; Bianco, S.The objective of this work was to evaluate the coexistence effects of coffee (Coffea arabica) with densities of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) on crop macronutrient content and plant growth. The experiment was conducted in plots where one coffee plant was maintained in coexistence with 0 (weed-free check), 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 sourgrass plants, using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Reduction of coffee growth and macronutrient content, except P that increased, started when the coexistence occurred with sourgrass plants in a density of 1 plant per plot. In general, macronutrient content was reduced by 18-50%, while growth characteristics were reduced by 9-41%, when coffee plants coexisted with 16 plants of sourgrass. Thus, sourgrass competition for nutrients was a strong factor limiting coffee plant growth.Item Interference by palisade grass on coffee seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2016-10) Alecrim, A.O.; França, A.C.; Santos, E.A.; Moreira, S.D.; Leal, F.D.S.; Tibães, E.S.R.The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effects of the interference by Urochloa brizantha on coffee seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A randomized block design and a 4 x 2 layout was used, where factor A was constituted by seedlings inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama, as well as some that were not inoculated, and factor B, constituted by plants in competition or alone. The sowing was conducted on washed sand to produce the coffee seedlings, which, during the matchstick stage, were transplanted into polyethylene bags, and inoculated when showing six pairs of leafs. Then, they were transplanted into pots where they were subjected to interference from two plants of U. brizantha for 90 days, during which time their growth and nutrient accumulation were evaluated on the leaves. As a result, an interaction between the following factors was observed: plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, dry weight for roots and P, Mg and Zn content in coffee seedlings. The damaging effect on the growth and P accumulation caused by the weed was reduced in coffee seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza. Another conclusion was that the inoculation factor increases the competitive power of coffee seedlings.Item Herbicide mixtures to control dayflowers and drift effect on Coffee cultures(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2018) Freitas, N.M.; Freitas, F.C.L.; Furtado, I.F.; Teixeira, M.F.F.; Silva, V.F.The dayflower species Commelina benghalensis and C. diffusa are among the main weeds in coffee crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides/herbicide mixtures in controlling dayflower species and to evaluate the possible intoxication of coffee cultures, as well as the effect of mixture interactions. Two experiments were conducted, the first one in a 12 x 2 factorial arrangement with 12 herbicides/mixtures (glyphosate, glyphosate + metsulfuron- methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2.4-D, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen, glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl, flumioxazin, 2.4-D, oxyfluorfen and carfentrazone-ethyl) and two dayflower species (C. benghalensis and C. diffusa) and the second one, in a 6 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, with six herbicides/mixtures (glyphosate, glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2.4-D, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl) and two application forms on coffee plants (reaching 1/3 of the coffee canopy and with a protected canopy), plus a control treatment without herbicides. There was tolerance variation within the dayflower species to the tested herbicides. Commelina benghalensis was controlled by glyphosate, 2.4-D, glyphosate + 2.4-D and glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl, while C. diffusa was controlled by 2.4-D and glyphosate mixtures by + metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + flumioxazin. The mixture glyphosate + 2.4-D is effective in controlling dayflower, but it caused intoxication and growth reduction of the coffee. There was antagonism in the mixture glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl in controlling both species, as well as for glyphosate + oxyfluorfen and glyphosate + flumioxazin for C. benghalensis.Item Teores de nutrientes em cultivares de café arábica submetidos á deriva de glyphosate(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2010-10) França, A.C.; Freitas, M.A.M.; D’antonino, L.; Fialho, C.M.T.; Silva, A.A.; Reis, M.R.; Ronchi, C.P.Avaliaram-se, neste trabalho, os efeitos do glyphosate sobre os teores foliares de nutrientes em três cultivares de café (Coffea arabica). Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial (3 x 5) em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos por três cultivares de café: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) e Topázio (MG-1190); e cinco doses de glyphosate (0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4; e 460,8 g ha-1 ). Aos 45 e 120 DAA, coletaram-se folhas (terceiro par) de ramos plagiotrópicos, contidos na parte mediana das plantas. Os sintomas de intoxicação foram caracterizados por clorose e estreitamento do limbo foliar para os três cultivares de café. Houve redução nos teores foliares de N, P, K, Cu e Zn aos 45 DAA e de N, K, Mn e Zn aos 120 DAA nas plantas de café tratadas com glyphosate, independentemente do cultivar utilizado. O cultivar Topázio apresentou as maiores reduções nos teores foliares de Fe e Mn, aos 45 DAA, e de P e Fe, aos 120 DAA.