Coffee Science_v.16, 2021

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Planococcus spp.: behavior and monitoring in conilon coffee crops
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Borghi, Edinei José Armani; Fornaciari, Gabriel; Vieira, Mayara Leite; Aguiar, Ronilda Lana; Holtz, Anderson Mathias; Verdin Filho, Abraão Carlos; Comério, Marcone; Andrade Júnior, Saul de; Carvalho, José Romário de
The damage caused by the citrus mealybug attack, Planococcus spp., on Coffea canephora crops is becoming more and more frequent, and may cause losses close to 100%. Knowledge of aspects related to pest behavior and adoption of methods to monitor crop incidence are important tools for integrated pest management. Thus, the objective was to study the behavior of citrus mealybug along the phenological stages of C. canephora and to propose methods to monitor its occurrence in the crops. The study was carried out in an area consisting of adult C. canephora plants of the variety Diamante ES 8112. The study was carried out using four sampling methods: 1) soil and root sampling with a probe; 2) opening small trenches; 3) plagiotropic branches and 4) weed sampling. Evaluations were carried out monthly by checking and confirming the presence of citrus mealybug in the sampled regions. The information obtained was used to describe the behavior of citrus mealybug and to analyze the applicability of the monitoring methods studied. In the absence of the reproductive phase, citrus mealybug lodges in the root system of coffee and weeds, in the region close to the colon, moving to the aerial part of the plants (rosettes) at the beginning of the flowering of the crop. Probe sampling was not efficient, while opening small trenches is a difficult procedure and causes damage to the root system of the coffee tree. The sampling of plagiotropic branches and weeds allows the monitoring of citrus mealybug duringall the phenological phases of C. canephora.
Coffee seedling growthafter legume cultivation in soils with contrasting phosphorus contents
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pereira, Djalma Silva; Costa, Liovando Marciano da; Carmo, Davi Lopes do; Rocha, Ana Caroline Teixeira; Pereira, Antônio Alves
Coffee seedling growth depends on soil phosphorus (P) availability and may be influenced by from pre-cultivation with legumes. Efficient and sustainable ways to increase the bioavailability of P through the recovery of P adsorbed by the soil matrix should be sought. This study proposed to evaluate the growth and P-use efficiency of coffee seedlings cultivated in soils with different P availability after cultivation with legumes. The experiment was carried out in a fully randomized design. Treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme [(2 x 4) + 1]: two soil types, pre-cultivation with four legume species, and one control (without pre-cultivation). The studied soils comprised a Typical Acriferic Red Oxisol (LVwf) with low-P availability and a Typical Chernossolic Litholytic Entisol (RLm) with high-P availability. The legume species Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, and Mucuna aterrima were previously cultivated for 45 days. Afterwards, coffee seedlings were transplanted to the pots, which were then grown for 120 days until evaluations. We assessed the following parameters: plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), and shoot contents of macronutrients. Our results showed that coffee seedlings grew more when cultivated in the high-P availability soil, with increments of 13.05% in H, 4.86% in SD, 46.98% in SDM, 17.61% in RDM, and 41.80% in TDM.We also observed an increase of 28.09% in shoot P contents for coffee seedlings grown in RLm. Moreover, pre-cultivation with C. juncea provided the largest increases in coffee seedling growth compared to the control. When grown after C. ensiformis cultivation, coffee seedlings had the highest shoot contents of P, Ca, Mg, and S, which, compared to control, increased by 45%, 39%, 18%, and 17%, respectively.
Development of coffee seedlings with biostimulants
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moreira, Wanderson Lopes; Ferraz-Almeida, Risely
Sustainable coffee production has become an alternative to aggregate value to coffee. Biostimulants are presented to increasing coffee quality and production. This study aims to compare and evaluate the application of biostimulants in the initial development of coffee seedlings. An experiment was carried out with applications of biostimulants: (i) 4-indole-3-ylbutyric acid + gibberellic acid + cinetina, AIA+AG+C; (ii) foliar fertilizer + algae, F+A; (iii) vegetal extracts + gibberellic acid, EV+AA. After 94 days of applying the biostimulants, monitored the length of the aerial part (LAP), the number of leaves (NL), stem diameter, root biomass (pivoting, auxiliary and total). Results showed that the F+A promoted the greatest LAP, NL, and root biomass. AIA+AG+C showed similar performance as F+A in NL. There was a higher production of auxiliary roots with biostimulants impacting positively on plant paraments. Given the results, we concluded that biostimulants based on mixed foliar fertilizer + algae demonstrated to be a better alternative to increasing the devel opment of the aerial and root part of coffee seedlings.
Young coffee leaves biotransformed by aspergillus oryzae in enriched source of caffeic acid
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Hernández-Aguirre, Carlos; Mencía-Guevara, Alejandra; Rojas-Rojas, Katherine
This research focused on the study of young coffee leaves as a potential source of caffeic acid from the biotransformation of abundant chlorogenic acid. Aspergillus oryzae was isolated from koji rice and used for the solid-state fermentation of coffee leaves. The bioconversion of chlorogenic acid into caffeic acid was measured by HPLC-DAD. The water infusions of fermented coffee leaves were analyzed by sensory evaluation in comparison with unfermented coffee leaves as well as roasted coffee beans. The biotransformation of young coffee leaves yielded over 3.5-fold change increase of caffeic acid natural content in 87 hours, and equivalently, decreasing concentrations were observed for chlorogenic acids. Other bioactive compounds, such as mangiferin, rutin and caffeine, showed relatively minor changes. Sensory evaluation pointed out the effect of increasing caffeic acid-concentration on bitterness and astringency, which would have to be considered in the development and optimization of functional foods. As bitterness was increased by the enhanced caffeic acid concentrations, desirable flavor descriptors were also associated with fermented leaves, with the inclusion of notes traditionally associated with koji. This bioprocess proved to be highly efficient and could be implemented with relatively simple technology in-farm production systems.
Development of suitable formula for ready-to-drink healthy mixture of chicory and coffee
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Charoenphun, Narin; Puttha, Ratchanee
Chicory root coffee currently gains popularity as a coffee substitute because of its health benefits. The purpose of this research is to develop ready-todrink healthy mixture of chicory and coffee (RDHCC) products. Fifteen trained panelists were invited to evaluate the aroma intensity 6 ratios of chicory and coffee mixture by sensory rating scales on a straight line at the distance of 150 mm. The ratio of 2:3 of chicory and coffee had the highest rating. The ratio was further used for development of RDHCC recipes consisting of chicory-coffee mixture, coffee creamer and sugar. Nine recipes were evaluated by 9-point hedonic scale with twenty trained panelists, and the best recipe was obtained from the ingredients of 15% chicory-coffee mixture, 32.5% coffee creamer and 52.5% sugar. Other ingredients were investigated to replace coffee creamer, and soybean milk powder had the highest overall liking score (7.45±0.94) and it was not significant different from 8.15±1.09 of coffee creamer. Other sweeteners were included in the recipe to replace sugar, and stevia extract had the highest overall liking score (7.30±1.00), which was not different from 7.45±0.94 of sugar. Herbs were finally incorporated into the RDHCC recipe, and cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) had the highest overall liking score (7.15 ± 1.04), which was not different from that of the original recipe without herb. The RDHCC products developed by the project are promising for commercialization to serve the demand for coffee with low calorie, low caffeine intake and health benefits.
Manganese and fluorine suppress bacterial blight on coffee seedlings grown in a nutrient solution
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Velloso, Jeanny Alice; Pozza, Edson Ampelio; Pozza, Adelia Aziz Alexandre; Silva, Humberson Rocha; Pérez, Cristian David Plaza; Souza, José Otávio Gusmão de
The use of manganese (Mn) and fluorine (F) in the management of bacterial blight were evaluated in coffee seedlings grown in a nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out with the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. The treatments consisted of the combination of five doses of Mn with five of F, applied via leaf, using Mn sulfate and sodium fluoride, in a 5x5 factorial scheme. The plants were inoculated with bacterial suspension seven days after foliar application of F and Mn doses. The incidence and severity assessments were performed at an interval of 24 hours for 10 days. Photosynthetic activity was assessed using the infrared gas analyzer. Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration, PAR radiation and internal CO2 were ana lyzed. The chlorophyll content was calculated indirectly. The leaf analysis was performed by digestion in HNO3 to determine the levels of Mn. Variables such as Area Under Incidence Disease Progress (AUIDP), Area Under Severity Disease Progress (AUSDP), chlorophyll a, b, and total concentrations and photosynthesis were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test. The treatment means were subjected to linear regression analysis. Data were analyzed using software R. There was a significant interaction (P <0.05) between the concentrations of Mn and F for the AUIDP and (AUSDP). Doses between 0.7 and 1.4 g L-1 of Mn combined with doses of 0.10 to 0.12 g L-1 of F were more effective in suppressing the bacterial blight, after analysis for both variables. The increase in Mn concentrations in leaves reduced liquid photosynthesis. The interaction between Mn and F suppressed the bacterial blight intensity of the coffee plants in nutrient solution.
Tasters’ performance in a coffee quality contest in Brazil
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pinheiro, Aracy Camilla Tardin; Fabri Júnior, Marcos Antônio; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Rufino, José Luis dos Santos; Sakiyama, Ney Sussumu
The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of coffee tasters in five annual editions of Minas Gerais Coffee Quality Contest. The repeat ability coefficients of the tasters’ scores for sensory attributes were estimated, as well as the minimum numbers of tasters required for consistent sensory results, and the groups of tasters by (dis)similarity of sensory scores. For the repeatability analysis, the treatments (coffees) were tested with the repeti tions, constituted by the tasters. The repeatability coefficients were estimated using the analysis of variance, principal component and structural analysis methods. The minimum number of tasters was obtained based on pre-established determination coefficients. Euclidean distance matrices between tasters were determined, which were used as a measure of dissimilarity for cluster analysis by the Tocher optimization method. The tasters’ performance in five annual editions of Minas Gerais Coffee Quality Contest is reliable using COE or SCA sensory analysis protocols. Although not fully calibrated, most tasters are grouped with similar cupping results. Unless efficient calibration prior to the contest is adopted, the number of tasters to be used in the next contest editions can not be drastically and randomly reduced, since the estimated minimum number varied over the years. Calibration activities are sug gested to improve two main aspects of the Minas Gerais Coffee Quality Contest: distinguishing the best coffees and trainning tasters.
Biology and fertility of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at 16 °C under laboratory conditions
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Jaramillo, Marisol Giraldo; Machado, Pablo Benavides
The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main insect pests of coffee crops worldwide. The present research determined the biological parameters of CBB at 16 °C under laboratory conditions. Development time (egg to adult) was 119.3±1.02 days, with 41% survival, and 20.37 eggs.female-1 for a period of 120 days. The biological aptitude of CBB is negatively affected to 16 °C, when compared with temperatures between 18–28 °C.
Effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides applied under pre-emergence conditions in weed management for coffee crop
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Gonçalves Netto, Acácio; Presoto, Jéssica Cursino; Resende, Laís Sousa; Malardo, Marcelo Rafael; Andrade, Jeisiane de Fátima; Nicolai, Marcelo; Carvalho, Saul Jorge Pinto de; Rodrigues, Matheus Rossi; Marçal, Marcela Borges Tomás
The coffee plant is sensitive to weed competition, which negatively affects its growth and development. Thus, the proper and safe use of herbicides is extremely important for weed management to allow the crop to develop its maximum productive potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control efficacy of different herbicides under pre-emergence conditions and assess their selectivity for coffee crops. Two experiments were carried out in the field, in randomized block designs, with four replicates and eight treatments, totaling 32 experimental plots. The treatments were: unweeded control; weeded control; sulfentrazone + diuron 1.4 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron 1.7 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron 2.0 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron with indaziflam 1.4 + 0.15 L ha-1; respectively, indaziflam 0.15 L ha-1; and oxyfluorfen + chlorimuron 3.0 L ha-1 + 0.08 kg ha-1, respectively. The treatments were applied prior to the emergence of weeds in a directed spray between the crop rows. Evaluations of weed control in the area, phytotoxicity to the crop, branch length, and internode distance of coffee were conducted at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after treatment application (DAA). In general, all treatments guaranteed greater than 80% efficacy up to 60 DAA. After this, some treatments suffered reductions in efficacy, and did not guarantee satisfactory con trol up to 120 DAA. For Digitaria nuda, the most effective treatments were those that contained indaziflam alone or in combination with sulfentrazone + diuron, and oxyfluorfen + chlorimuron for 60 DAA. In both experiments and the two species analyzed, the indaziflam treatments guaranteed efficacy percentages above 80%, even at 120 DAA. All treatments were equally selective for the coffee plants under the conditions evaluated.
Physiological aspects and yield in coffee progenies with large beans
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pavan, João Paulo Silva; Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Freitas, Ana Flávia de; Carvalho, Samuel Pereira de; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues
Genetic coffee breeding is aimed at increasing yield associated with tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, besides providing a better beverage quality and supplying the demand for bigger beans. The efficiency in photosynthetic activity can limit produce and diversify genotypes, mainly under adverse environmental conditions. Consequently, the importance of selection of Coffea arabica L. regarding these characteristics stands out. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to measure the physiological characterization and yield of Coffea arabica L. progenies with large beans “Big Coffee VL”. Twelve productive progenies were selected and classified according to fruit size (“small”, “medium” and “large”), which were: S14, S23, S34, S36, M4, M5, M14, M20, L10, L12, L17 and L31. Net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), internal carbon (Ci), intercellular CO2 concentration in the mesophyll were evaluated on the current external CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), besides vapor pressure deficit (VPD), leaf temperature (Tleaf), indirect determination of the relative levels of chlorophylls a, b and total, in addition to bean yield in two crops. The Tocher grouping resulted in the formation of 4 groups, and progenies M4, L10 and S34 remained in isolated groups.Progeny L10 stood out for higher mean values of A, gs and Ci; the opposite behavior was observed in progeny S34. Progeny M4 is noteworthy as the one with the highest yield in the two years considered, in addition to presenting high photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll indexes. It is concluded that the progenies of “Big Coffee VL” show variability for physiological parameters and productivity. Progenies S14, M4 and L10 stood out, and S14 was more efficient in the use of water; M4 was the most productive and L10 stood out in terms of gas exchange.
Leaf anatomy, physiology and vegetative growth of fertigated Coffee arabica L. trees after exposure to pruning
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Soares, Daiane dos Santos; Silva, Elisângela Aparecida da; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Guimarães, Rubens José
In coffee plants, fertigation can be an alternative way to minimize the negative effects exerted by drought and maximize fertilizer use efficiency. However, the fertilization recommendations for fertigated coffee trees are still not very specific, and the recommendations for rainfed crops are used. In addition, little is known about the nutritional requirements for fertigated coffee trees that have undergone the low recepa pruning treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on leaf anatomy, physiology, and veg etative growth of fertigated coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) that have been under the low recepa pruning treatment. During the first five years of growth, the cultivar Topázio MG-1190 of the coffee crop received 10, 40, 70, 100, 130, and 160% of the fertilization levels recommended for the rainfed coffee crop. After this period, the crop was exposed to low recepa pruning. It was concluded that different doses of N, P, and K fertilizers modified the internal structure of coffee plant leaves, as well as physiological responses and plant growth; there was stronger vegetative growth, sharper leaf blade, greater thickness of spongy parenchyma, larger phloem area, and higher xylem relative hydraulic conductivity as the N, P, and K fertilizer levels in fertigated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants, which received the low recepa pruning treatment, increased. This knowledge can be used as a solid basis for main fertilization recommendations for fertigated coffee trees after exposure to the low recepa pruning treatment.
Nutritional composition and caffeine content of coffee-galangal affected by the variation of sweetener addition
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Destryana, R. Amilia; Yuniastri, Ratih; Wibisono, Aryo; Nurani, Fesdila Putri
Coffee-galangal is a herb coffee, a mixture of coffee powder and galangal powder, which has a different aroma and taste and the galangal itself has excellent properties for the body. The sweetener commonly used in products is sucrose based sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of sweetener on the chemical properties and caffeine content, such as cane sugar, palm sugar and alcoholic sugar. The nutritional composition were determined by carbohydrate content, protein content, fat content, water content, and caffeine content. The addition of sweeteners in the form of cane sugar, palm sugar, and alcoholic sugar is in coffee-galangal was significantly different from the unsweetened control treatments on the parameters of carbohydrate content, water content, ash content, and fat content, but did not significantly affect protein content. The use of different types of sweeteners added to coffee-galangal products significantly (α = 5%) on total carbohydrate, water, ash, and fat content. The parameter values of the chemical properties of the product in this study were: carbohydrate content of 64.47-82.60%, water content 5.19-17.08%, ash content 1.74-4.47%, fat content 3.25 - 6.79%, protein content from 4.96 to 7.5%, and caffeine content 0.68 – 1.79 %. Finding in this study showed that alcoholic sugar has the highest percentage of caffeine content and the lowest carbohydrate content.
Comparision of different application methods to biological control Hypothenemus hampei
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pereira, Raquel Moraes Costa; Almeida, José Eduardo Marcondes de; Batista Filho, Antonio
There are several studies that deal with the problem of infestation by Hypothenemus hampei in Coffeea arabica. However, the ways of applying products based on entomopathogenic fungi are the same as those used for chemicals. The objective of the research was to comparison different methods of application of Beauveria bassiana against H. hampei. The experiments were developed in laboratory, with blastospores and B. bassiana airborne conidia powders were carried out. Application methods based on immersion, Potter Spray Tower and walking on treated surface. Were three experiments were carried out for each method. Bioassays’design comprised seven treatments (including the control), with five repetitions (each) and 25 beetles per repetition. Suspensions were standardized at 2.4×109, 1×109, 5×108, 1×108, 5×107 and 1×107conidia.mL-1. Conidia powder presented initial concentration of 1.14×1010and it was standardized at 1.14×109; 5.7×109; 1.14×108; 5.7×107; 1.14×107 and 5.7×106 conidia.g-1. A simultaneous test was also carried out based to the three application methods; treatment comprised conidia powder concentration of 1x108 and the control. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, which was followed by Tukey test (P<0.05) and, CL50, in the SPSS 12.1 software. The mortality better rates of H. hampei exposed to B. bassiana IBCB66 were1×108(immersion), 1×109 (Potter Spray Tower) and 1×108(walking), where as mean LC50were 6.1×108, 4.1×108, 2.4×108conidia.mL-1for each method, respectively. The highest mortality rate was recorded in the walking tests on the conidian powder at a concentration of 1×108 conidia.g-1 for the three repetitions of the method and also in the simultaneous test.
Analysis of arabica coffee productivity due to shading, pruning, and coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizers treatments
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Karim, Abubakar; Hifnalisa, Hifnalisa; Manfarizah, Manfarizah
Arabica coffee productivity can be increased through improved cultivation techniques. This research aims to analyze Arabica coffee production to treat shad ing, pruning, and coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer application. The research was carried out in two stages, in the first stage a field survey was conducted to determine the relatively uniform land and plant characteristics, while in the second stage was the application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer and pruning of shaded and non-shaded coffee plants by using farmer’s method and the recommended methods by the authors. The application of coffee pulp-husk or ganic fertilizer consists of 0, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 kg tree-1, which is equivalent to 0, 4, 8, and 12 tons ha-1 respectively. This research was arranged in a split-plot design, with shades placed in the main plot, while pruning and the application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer in the subplots. The variables observed were the number of redcherries tree-1, greenbean (dry bean) production, and rendement (yield) production at 14% moisture content. Furthermore, the best effect and treatment were determined using variance analysis and the least significant difference (LSD). The result showed that shade only affected rende ment production at 14% moisture content, coffee with shade is better than no shade, pruning affected the number of redcherries and greenbean production. Furthermore, the recommended pruning was better than farmer pruning, while coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer affected all observed variables. Therefore, the best dose is 7.50 kg tree-1 (12 ton ha-1) because the treatment combination (SxPxF) affected only greenbean production.
First report of Aethalion reticulatum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) infesting plants of Coffea arabica (Linnaeus, 1753) (Rubiaceae)
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Resende, Laís Sousa; Moreira, Luciano Bastos; Carvalho, Vinícius Castro; Carvalho, Geraldo Andrade
Coffee has great socio-economic importance, and in this scenario, Brazil stands out as the largest producer and exporter of coffee beans. However, the coffee crop is susceptible to the attack of several insect pests, the main ones being the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and the leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), which can cause great economic losses if left unchecked. However, other pest arthropods may be present in the crop, and their identification and evaluation of its importance are essential for the elaboration of mitigation measures. Up to date, the presence of the leafhopper Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) in Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) plants has not been reported in the literature. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the occurrence of A. reticulatum in Coffea arabica plants on the Campus of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The impacts of climate variability on coffee yield in five indonesian coffee production centers
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Sarvina, Yeli; June, Tania; Sutjahjo, Surjono Hadi; Nurmalina, Rita; Surmaini, Elza
Coffee is an annual crop sensitive to climate variability. Most Indonesian coffee is cultivated on marginal lands that are vulnerable to environmental chang es, including climate. Indonesia’s climate variability is influenced by several factors, including the monsoon, local aspects, and global climate oscillations such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). It is crucial to identify the impacts of climate variability on both the production and the economy to develop adaptative measures. This study aims to determine the effects of global climate variability, namely ENSO and IOD, on coffee production in several Indonesian production centers. It uses annual coffee production data in the five major production centers in Indonesia. The ENSO indicators used in this study were the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) in the Nino 3.4 region and the IOD indicator in the Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The anomaly analysis approach between neutral years and the extreme ENSO and between normal and IOD extreme phases were applied in this study. The results showed that the effects of ENSO and IOD were different in each region. The highest decline in production occurred in the La-Nina year in almost all production centers. The decline in output in the La-Nina year ranged from 6 to 22%. Meanwhile, the IOD that had a decreasing effect on production was positive IOD with a decrease ranging from 1 to 15%.
Resistance and effect of insecticide-treated coffee berries of different varieties to the penetration of Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Davi Júnior, Salmo de Melo; Soares, Walyson Silva; Celoto, Fernando Juari; Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Oliveira, Mariana Martins Fernandes; Botrel, Gabriel Buso Borges
The control of Hypothenemus hampei, coffee berry borer (CBB) is difficult as the insects infest inside coffee berries and are thus protected from agrochem icals. Coffee varieties with an increased penetration time by H. hampei can help control this pest tends to be exposed insecticide action for long time. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the time taken by H. hampei to entirely penetrate berries of different coffee varieties and whether insecticides have any influence on the penetration time. Thus, twenty five berries of 27 coffee varieties in the green phenological stage were introduced in rubber caps, with the berry crown exposed.. From this experiment, seven varieties were selected for another bioassay, with insecticides being sprayed on the berries. Copulated female H. hampei were released on the berry, and the penetration time was assessed. Finally, a free-choice test to verify H. hampei food preference was performed, using the same seven coffee varieties. The insects took longer to penetrate the Arara, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, and Guará coffee-variety berries. Moreover, all coffee varieties treated with the insecticide cyantraniliprole inhibited penetration by H. hampei. Most coffee varieties treated with insecticides showed a prolonged penetration time by H. hampei compared to the same untreated ones, except for the chlorpyrifos insecticide in the Catuaí IAC 144 and IAC 62 varieties. Additionally, H. hampei showed no feeding preference among the different tested coffee varieties.
Water retainer polymer in coffee plants deployment under different levels of irrigation
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Resende, Thales Barcelos; Souza, Victor Hugo Silva; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Guimarães, Rubens José
The use of water-retaining polymers may be a feasible alternative in regions with low water availability, as they has enhance the performance of coffee plants with more favorable anatomical characteristics to make physiological processes more efficient. However, the advantages of such use have been scarcely reported. Here, we studied the feasibility of using a water-retaining polymer to optimize irrigation water use during the establishment of a coffee plantation. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme (4 × 2) with three replications for a total of 24 experimental plots, each consisting of four pots, with one plant per unit. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at the Coffee Science Department of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of soil water at field capacity), with or without addition of the water-retaining polymer. Growth variables evaluated included: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot and root dry weights, root volume and area. Additionally, gas exchange, leaf water potential, and leaf anatomy were analyzed. The use of water-retaining polymer during establishment of the coffee plantation ensured sufficient water supply, thus guaranteeing plant anatomical and physiological functionality and, consequently, a healthy, vigorous growth.
Best time and doses to associate chemical and biological control of the coffee berry borer in highland region, Brazil
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Krohling, Cesar Abel; Fornazier, Maurício José; Mendonça, Pedro Luís Paulino de; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Martins, David dos Santos; Alixandre, Fabiano Tristão; Dias, Rodrigo da Silva; Rodrigues, Fernanda Latanze Mendes
The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) causes significant damage to yield and quality of coffee beans. Cultural measures are important however, chemical and biological control must be adopted within an integrated CBB management system in order to prevent its damage mainly in larger areas. This study aimed to evaluate different doses and times of spray of the chemical insecticide metaflumizone and its association to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as a tool to the management of CBB in Arabica coffee. The study was carried out in a high dense crop of Arabica coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho at 700 m altitude in the highlands of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with eleven treatments, four replications and plots of ten plants. Seven evaluations were carried out by sampling the berries in the upper, middle and two sides of the coffee trees. Metaflumizone at a total dose of 3.5 L ha-1 showed high performance for the control of CBB under field conditions in regions of high altitude. The association of metaflumizone with B. bassiana reduced a mean of 88.5% the infestation level of CBB in the post-harvested coffee beans and it can be used as one of the tools for the Integrated Management of CBB under field conditions. Beauveria bassiana can be associated with metaflumizone to control CBB as a complementary spray in March and at a dose of 2.0 kg ha-1 and should be also used in the Integrated Management of CBB. The monitoring of CBB population must be carried out and the first spraying with chemical or biological insecticide must be started at the recommended control level and in the transit season of CBB when flying adults are exposed.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization of fermented coffee pulp beverages
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Cruz, Claudia Milena Amorocho; Cortés, Yenifer Muñoz
Coffee pulp is the first by-product generated from coffee processing, a contaminating residue due to its composition and production volume. So, this research presents the use of coffee pulp with honey and sugar cane juice to elaborate alcoholic beverage and infusion. The harvested coffee was washed, pulped; the pulp was distributed in 3 treatments, by duplicates, (T) coffee pulp and water, (M) coffee pulp, water and honey, (G) coffee pulp and sugar cane juice. Then, each treatment was brought to 85 °C for 15 minutes, warmed up and yeast was added to each container. Fermentation was carried out for 14 days at 15 °C. After the liquid was separated from the pulp, the liquid fraction was left to ferment another 14 days, it was clarified with bentonite, it was bottled and for 102 days mature, the degrees of alcohol was measured by simple distillation. The pulp was placed in an oven at 75 °C for 3 days, the chemical composition was analyzed by FTIR, it was packed in hermetic bags, the dry coffee pulp was used to prepare an infusion. For its use, a fermented drink and an infusion were elaborated, evaluating physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics through three treatments. The fermented drinks presented values of alcohol degrees 7°- 6°. The treatment with honey obtained a greater acceptance followed by the treatment with sugar cane juice. The infusions were acceptable, differentiated by herbal notes, pleasant aromas, and sweet flavors. In the pulp, the following were characterized by FTIR chemical compounds and wavelengths that show their absorbencies; caffeine with ranges of 2920-2850 and 1620 cm-1, 3280 cm-1 H2O, 1740 cm-1 lipids, 1240 cm-1 chlorogenic acid, and 1015 cm-1 carbohydrates. Finally, the infusions with coffee pulp were accepted by the evaluators, especially those that went through the fermentation process with honey and sugar cane.