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Item Precision coffee growing: a review(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Santana, Lucas Santos; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Santos, Sthéfany Airane dos; Dias, Jessica Ellen LimaPrecision Agriculture (PA) technologies introduction in coffee-growing is becoming essential to advances in sustainable cultivation and increase in output. Applications that involve PA techniques in coffee production are defined now as Precision Coffee growing (PC). Systematically explored, studies on the subject contribute to improvements in the area, relating soil variability to its impacts on plants. The PC’s scientific approach offers new forms of manage-ment and more security in coffee production. Aimed at reducing pesticides application and nutrients to the soil, contributing to sustainable development in coffee production. Initially, the research on coffee production had dealt with soil spatial variability, highlighting the geostatistical methods and specific ways to sample the soil. With technological advances in agriculture, new ways of monitoring spatial variability are available. In this context, studies are arising on spatial variability related to the plant, applying terrestrial, aerial and orbital sensors, possibly creating perspectives for monitoring and mapping coffee production. Artificial intelligence, Remotely Piloted Aircraft (ARP) products, harvesting yield sensors, automatic grain classifiers, and remote sensing stand out as new technologies under development in coffee production. These applications in PC involving multidisciplinary research demonstrate new relevant ways of improving crop managing and sustainability guaranteeing.Item Technical and economic evaluation of different operating modes for mechanized fertilizer application in coffee plantations(Editora UFLA, 2020) Andrade, Alan Delon; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Faria, Rafael de Oliveira; Barros, Murilo Machado de; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Sarri, Daniele; Vieri, MarcoThe present study aimed to investigate the performance parameters and related costs of a machinery set composed of a tractor and a machine for fertilizers and soil correctives application, working in a coffee yard. It was evaluated two different operating modes. For the first operating mode (OM1), the machinery applied the total recommended dose to only one side of the plants and traveled in only half of the plot interrows. For the second operating mode (OM2), the machinery applied half the recommended dose to each side of the plants and traveled in all of the plot interrows. The study was performed at Bom Jardim Farm, located in the municipality of Bom Sucesso, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The performance parameters included effective field capacity and effective time. The hourly cost of the fertilizers and soil correctives application operation was determined based on the farm’s management data and the effective cost was obtained by relating the hourly cost and the effective time. The results showed that OM1 implies higher effective field capacity and lower effective cost, with the cost of only 50.1% of that found for OM2.Item Technical and economic viability of manual harvesting coffee yield maps(Editora UFLA, 2020) Faria, Rafael de Oliveira; Silva, Fábio Moreira; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Herrera, Miguel Angel Diaz; Barbosa, Brenon Diennevan Souza; Alonso, Diego José Carvalho; Soares, Daniel VeigaPrecision coffee growing is a concept that implies the use of precision agriculture techniques in coffee plantations. For the coffee growing, the precision electronic resources coupled to the harvesters are very scarce. Thereby, the harvest of coffee plantations that compose the grid sampling for generation of thematic maps can be performed manually. The aim of the present study was to generate a linear regression model to estimate the time required to harvest, estimate the labor costs to harvest manually the georeferenced sample points for generation of coffee yield maps. The study was performed in a coffee area of 56 hectares using two sampling points per hectare, totaling 112 points, being evaluated four coffee plants for each point. The manual harvest of the points was performed by four rural workers with experience in the coffee harvest. Afterwards, the collected volume was measured by a graduated container and the times were obtained by the digital stopwatch. Based on the data obtained in the field, a linear correlation model was established between the harvest time of each sampling point and the yield of the point, whose R² value was 78.27, cost was R$ 8.92 per point. These results are relevant for estimating the amount of labor force required to generate manually harvest yield maps according to the producer’s coffee yield estimate, contributing to the closure of the precision coffee growing cycle.Item Variabilidade espacial dos atributos da planta de uma lavoura cafeeira(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2017-01) Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva de; Custódio, Adriano Augusto Paiva; Ferraz, Patrícia Ferreira PoncianoObjetivou-se com esse trabalho caracterizar a estrutura e a magnitude da distribuição espacial de atributos da planta em lavoura cafeeira e realizar o mapeamento desses atributos de forma a visualizar a distribuição espacial, considerando a dependência espacial destes atributos, demostrando a importância deste mapeamento. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda Brejão no município de Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, utilizando-se os seguintes atributos da planta: Produtividade, Índice de Maturação, Enfolhamento, Força de Desprendimento de Frutos Verde, Força de Desprendimento de Frutos Maduros, Diferença entre a Força de Desprendimento de Frutos Verde e Maduros, Altura de Planta e Diâmetro de Copa amostrados em uma malha amostral de 100 pontos georreferenciados (64 pontos da malha base e 36 pontos de zoom). A análise destes dados por meio das técnicas estatísticas e da geoestatística possibilitaram caracterizar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos da planta em estudo, permitindo o mapeamento destas variáveis. Foi possível observar a importância da cafeicultura de precisão no manejo de uma lavoura cafeeira tanto no gerenciamento da colheita quanto no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da planta.Item Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in coffee growing(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Andrade, Alan Delon; Faria, Rafael de Oliveira; Alonso, Diego José Carvalho; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Herrera, Miguel Angel Diaz; Silva, Fábio Moreira daThe intensive use of machines in agriculture tends to cause soil compaction, which can hamper the expansion of root system and the absorption of water and nutrients, thus affecting the crop development. In view of the above, the present study aimed to identify critical zones of soil compaction, through the spatial distribution of soil penetration resistance (SPR), having positions within the coffee rows and soil depth ranges as variables. The study was performed in a coffee plantation of 7.32 ha, belonging to the Bom Jardim Farm, located in the municipality of Bom Sucesso, MG, Brazil. The SPR was measured using a penetrometer in the depth range from 0 to 0.40 m, with discretization in four layers of 0.10 m. The data were interpreted based on geostatistics, in order to identify if there is spatial dependence of the SPR and generate thematic maps demonstrating the variable’s spatial behavior. It is concluded that there is spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance, being possible to use geostatistical tools to generate thematic maps based on classes of soil penetration resistance. The values of SPR in the tractor trail, for layers from 0.10 to 0.20 and from 0.20 to 0.30 m, were classified in the high SPR class and could cause damage to the crop.Item Development of a methodology to determine the best grid sampling in precision coffee growing(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Figueiredo, Vanessa Castro; Silva, Fabio Moreira da; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva de; Santos, Sthéfany Airane dosPrecision agriculture is based on a set of techniques that explore the spatial variability of properties related to a determined area. The aim of this study was to develop and test a methodology to evaluate the quality of grid sampling. The experiment was performed in three areas of 112, 50 and 26 ha, in coffee plantations (Coffea arabica ) with cultivar Catuai 144, in the Três Pontas Farm, located in Presidente Olegário, MG, Brazil, in 2014 and 2015. A total of 224, 100, and 52 georeferenced points (2.0 points/ha) were plotted in the areas regarding the soil chemical properties, respectively: phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. For the application methodology the standardized accuracy index (SAI), the standardized precision index (SPI) and the standardized optimal grid indicator (SOGI) were developed and tested. From grid 1 (2 points/ha), another three sampling grids (1.0, 0.7 and 0.5 point/ha) were adopted. The indexes were important to analyze the grid quality, whereas the SOGI allowed selecting the grid that best represented the properties.Item Plant sampling grid determination in precision agriculture in coffee field(Editora UFLA, 2018-01) Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva de; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Sales, Ronan Souza; Carvalho, Luis Carlos CiriloThe aim of the present study was to evaluate different grid samples applied to plant properties of a coffee plantation by using precision coffee growing and geostatistical techniques. The study was performed at the Brejão Farm in the municipality of Três Pontas, MG, Brazil, using productivity, the maturation index and the detachment force difference, sampled at georeferenced points. With the intention of choosing an optimum grid, 20 grid samples were tested through semivariogram fitting and validation tests seeking to combine the accuracy and precision that the grid sample can present through an optimal grid indicator, allowing choosing a more suitable grid. It was possible to characterize the magnitude of the spatial variability of plant properties under study in all the proposed grids. The grid that best represented the three variables under study was the grid with 64 sample points in squared grid and nine zoom grid points. The proposed methodology for the present study allowed observing the difference among different grid samples and among the variables of plant productivity, maturity index and detachment force.Item Variáveis meteorológicas e da umidade do solo na força de desprendimento dos frutos do café(Editora UFLA, 2017-10) Silva, Flávio Castro da; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Sales, Ronan Souza; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Barros, Murilo Machado deEste trabalho teve como objetivo identificar se variáveis climatológicas e de umidade do solo estão relacionadas com a variação da força de desprendimento dos frutos do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) ao longo do período de maturação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) buscando analisar o comportamento da força de desprendimento dos frutos do cafeeiro nas maturações verde e cereja ao longo do período de maturação mediante as variáveis meteorológicas do ar e de umidade do solo, conduzindo os ensaios sob quatro diferentes condicionamentos de umidade do solo. As alterações nos parâmetros meteorológicos e de umidade do solo acarretam alteração da força de desprendimento dos frutos, principalmente na maturação verde. Com o aumento de temperatura ocorreu diminuição da força de desprendimento dos frutos verdes e tendência de diminuição para os frutos cereja. A umidade do solo apresentou correlação positiva com a força de desprendimento dos frutos verdes e tendência positiva para os frutos cereja. A precipitação tendeu a diminuir a força de desprendimento dos frutos verde e cereja nos três dias após sua ocorrência.Item Comparação entre amostragem foliar convencional e de precisão para análise de micronutrientes na cafeicultura(Editora UFLA, 2017-04) Carvalho, Luis Carlos Cirilo; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Figueiredo, Vanessa Castro; Cunha, João Paulo BarretoUma das tecnologias que vem se destacando para o gerenciamento das lavouras é a cafeicultura de precisão. Entretanto, ainda há muitos receios por parte dos cafeicultores na sua adoção em virtude da falta de informações que justifiquem seu uso, frente ao manejo convencional vigente. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a variabilidade espacial de micronutrientes (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu e B) obtidos por meio de análise foliar de uma lavoura cafeeira, permitindo a criação de mapas temáticos a fim de visualizar a sua distribuição no espaço em diferentes épocas. Objetivou-se também comparar os resultados da cafeicultura de precisão com o manejo convencional, buscando encontrar resultados que justifiquem a adoção da primeira no gerenciamento das lavouras. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda Brejão, localizada no município de Três Pontas - MG, em uma lavoura de café cultivar Topázio. Foram coletadas folhas para análise foliar segundo dois tipos de amostragem: cafeicultura de precisão, com 100 pontos de coleta, e manejo convencional, dividindo a área em dois talhões. A coleta foi realizada em três épocas: Junho/2012, Dezembro/2012 e Junho 2013. Por meio de geoestatística, foi identificada a variabilidade espacial e temporal de todas as variáveis, possibilitando a criação de mapas. Para uma mesma época, verificaram-se diferenças entre os dois tipos de manejos. De modo geral, a cafeicultura de precisão permitiu maior detalhamento da lavoura em comparação com o manejo convencional, permitindo evitar erros de gerenciamento.Item Comparativo entre os atributos químicos do solo amostrados de forma convencional e em malha(Editora UFLA, 2017-01) Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva de; Silva, Flávio Castro da; Carvalho, Luis Carlos CiriloO objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura e a magnitude da distribuição espacial de atributos do solo de uma lavoura cafeeira, realizando o mapeamento destes atributos para visualizar a distribuição espacial. Objetivou-se ainda comparar os teores apresentados pelos atributos do solo na amostragem convencional e amostragem em grade. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda Brejão no município de Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, utilizando-se os atributos do solo: pH, P, Prem, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H + Al, m, T, t, SB, V e MO amostrados de forma convencional e em grade amostral quadrada de 64 pontos georreferenciados acrescida de 36 pontos de grade zoom. A análise destes dados por meio das técnicas geoestatísticas possibilitou caracterizar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo em estudo, permitindo o mapeamento destas variáveis. Foi possível identificar as diferenças apresentadas nos teores dos atributos do solo comparativamente para a amostragem convencional e em grade georreferenciada para aplicação na cafeicultura de precisão.