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Item Nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of pearl millet silage with different levels of coffee husk(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2023-07-17) Souza, Leir de Oliveira; Neiva Júnior, Arnaldo Prata; Tavares, Valdir Botega; Gurgel, Antonio Leandro Chaves; Teixeira, Rafael Monteiro Araújo; Lara, Erika Christina; Fernandes, Patrick Bezerra; Ítavo, Luís Carlos VinhasThe research was conducted to test the hypothesis that the inclusion of coffee husk (Coffea sp.) would improve the fermentative characteristics and quality of pearl millet silage (Pennisetumglaucum). Thus, the objective was to assess the effect of the inclusion of different levels of coffee husk in pearl millet silage on the chemical composition, fermentative characteristics and degradability in situ of silage. The experimental design used was completely randomized and the treatments consisted of the silage of the whole pearl millet plant with the inclusion of increasing levels of coffee husk: 0%, 7%, 14% and 21%, based on natural matter. After 60 days of fermentation, the silages were evaluated for chemical characteristics, fermentative, degradability in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The inclusion of coffee husk did not alter (P > 0.05) the contents of crude protein (11.94%), NDF (44.89%) and total digestible nutrients (65.09%). There were increases in the concentrations of DM and fiber in acid detergent, accompanied by a reduction in the concentrations of mineral matter and ether extract, as the proportion of coffee husks in silages increased. There was an increase in the lignin content up to the level of 7.59% inclusion of the coffee husk. There was no effect of the inclusion of the coffee husk on the pH of the silage (3.60). However, the inclusion of coffee husk resulted in a reduction in temperature, gas losses, and degradability in situ of silage DM and NDF. It is recommended to include coffee husk up to the level of 14.0% of the natural matter to improve the fermentation pattern and the quality of the pearl millet silage.Item Development of coffee seedlings with biostimulants(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moreira, Wanderson Lopes; Ferraz-Almeida, RiselySustainable coffee production has become an alternative to aggregate value to coffee. Biostimulants are presented to increasing coffee quality and production. This study aims to compare and evaluate the application of biostimulants in the initial development of coffee seedlings. An experiment was carried out with applications of biostimulants: (i) 4-indole-3-ylbutyric acid + gibberellic acid + cinetina, AIA+AG+C; (ii) foliar fertilizer + algae, F+A; (iii) vegetal extracts + gibberellic acid, EV+AA. After 94 days of applying the biostimulants, monitored the length of the aerial part (LAP), the number of leaves (NL), stem diameter, root biomass (pivoting, auxiliary and total). Results showed that the F+A promoted the greatest LAP, NL, and root biomass. AIA+AG+C showed similar performance as F+A in NL. There was a higher production of auxiliary roots with biostimulants impacting positively on plant paraments. Given the results, we concluded that biostimulants based on mixed foliar fertilizer + algae demonstrated to be a better alternative to increasing the devel opment of the aerial and root part of coffee seedlings.Item Ocorrência de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. em broca-do-café (Hypothenemus hampei, Ferrari) no estado de Rondônia, Brasil(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2002) Costa, José Nilton Medeiros; Silva, Rachel Barbosa da; Ribeiro, Paulina de Araújo; Garcia, AlvanirEm trabalho efetuado visando o levantamento de inimigos naturais da broca-do-café (Hypothenemus hampei, Ferrari) no estado de Rondônia, verificou-se a ocorrência do fungo Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, conforme identificação da Embrapa Rondônia.Item Alterações químicas no solo e no lixiviado em função da aplicação de água residuária de café(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010-04) Bebé, Felizarda V.; Rolim, Mario M.; Silva, George B.; Matsumoto, Sylvana N.; Pedrosa, Elvira M.A água residuária de café (ARC) é rica em matéria orgânica e nutrientes, no entanto, se aplicada em altas doses, pode desequilibrar o complexo sortivo do solo, bem como contaminar o lençol freático. O presen- te estudo objetivou-se em avaliar a composição do lixiviado e as alterações químicas no solo com a apli- cação de doses crescentes de ARC. Assim, em 12 colunas de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 100 cm de altura, preenchidas com 80 cm de Argissolo Amarelo Latossólico, foi aplicada ARC nas doses zero 1070 (testemunha - água), 214 (dose 1), 642 (dose2) e, 1070 mL (dose 3), correspondentes a 1, 3 e 5 vezes a necessidade de K (80 g planta -1 de K 2 O) requerida pelo cafeeiro em produção. Após a administração da ARC, foram aplicadas duas lâminas de lixiviação com água de abastecimento, aos 60 (lâmina 1) e 75 dias (lâmina 2), e foram coletados os efluentes para a determinação da DQO, CE e análises de K, Na, Ca e Mg solúveis. Após o período de incubação, amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades 0-14; 14-36; 36-55 e 55-80 cm para determinação da condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação (CE es ) e pH em água (1:2,5), além de análises de K, Na, Ca e Mg. A aplicação de ARC ao solo alterou pH, CE es , K e Na solúveis. Para o lixiviado, houve variação com o tempo de incubação das variáveis CE, K, Na, Ca e Mg.Item Biotecnologia aplicada ao melhoramento genético do cafeeiro(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011-05) Morais, Tâmara Prado de; Melo, Benjamim deO melhoramento genético do cafeeiro mediante técnicas convencionais é trabalhoso e demorado. A biotecnologia oferece estratégias alternativas para auxiliar na multiplicação e no desenvolvimento de novas variedades com resistência a estresses bióticos e abióticos, melhor qualidade de bebida e maturação mais uniforme dos frutos. As técnicas de cultura de tecidos têm possibilitado a obtenção de grande número de plantas e a garantia da uniformidade genética do material. O emprego de marcadores moleculares, principalmente através da seleção assistida, facilitou o rápido progresso do melhoramento genético da cultura, assim como a transformação genética, via cultura e fusão de protoplastos, biobalística ou mediada por Agrobacterium sp. Esta revisão objetiva sumarizar o histórico, situação atual e perspectivas da biotecnologia no melhoramento genético do cafeeiro.Item Cold induced changes on sugar contents and respiratory enzyme activities in coffee genotypes(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010-04) Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Vieira, Henrique Duarte; Rodrigues, Ana Paula Dias; Pais, Isabel; Campostrini, Eliemar; Chaves, Maria Manuela Coelho Cabral; Ramalho, José CochichoThe present research aimed to characterize some biochemical responses of Coffea canephora (clones 02 and 153) and C. arabica (Catucaí IPR 102) genotypes subjected to low positive temperatures, helping to elucidate the mechanisms involved in cold tolerance. For that, one year old plants were subjected successively to 1) a temperature decrease (0.5oC a day) from 25/20oC to 13/8oC (acclimation period), 2) a three day chilling cycle (3x13/4oC) and to 3) a recovery period of 14 days (25/20oC). In Catucaí (less cold sensitive when compared to clone 02) there was an increased activity in the respiratory enzymes malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, Catucaí showed significant increases along the cold imposition and the higher absolute values after chilling exposure of the soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, arabinose and mannitol) that are frequently involved in osmoregulation and membrane stabilization/protection. The analysis of respiratory enzymes and of soluble sugar balance may give valuable information about the cold acclimation/ tolerance mechanisms, contributing to a correct selection and breeding of Coffea sp. genotypes.Item Assessment of EST-SSR markers for genetic analysis on coffee(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2009-07) Missio, Robson Fernando; Caixeta, Eveline Teixeira; Zambolim, Eunize Maciel; Pena, Guilherme Ferreira; Ribeiro, Ana Paula; Zambolim, Laércio; Pereira, Antônio Alves; Sakiyama, Ney SussumuEST-SSR markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity among and within coffee populations, to explore the possibility of their use for fingerprinting of cultivars and to assist breeding programs. Seventeen markers, developed from ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) from the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project, were used. All markers showed polymorphism among the genotypes assessed. The average number of allele per primer was 5.1. The highest polymorphisms were found within C. canephora (88.2%) and rust-resistant varieties (35.3%). About 29.4% of the markers differentiated C. arabica from Híbrido de Timor; it was also possible to identify those closest and farthest from C. arabica . The analysis of population-grouped genotypes revealed a 64.0% genetic diversity among and a 36.0% genetic diversity within populations. The differentiation index was 0.637. Six markers distinguished four rust-resistance varieties, showing their fingerprinting potential. These results demonstrate the usefulness of EST-SSR markers for cross orientation, in diversity and introgression studies, and in genetic mapping.