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URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3352
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Compactação causada pelo manejo de plantas invasoras em latossolo vermelho-amarelo cultivado com cafeeiros(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2011-11) Pais, Paula Sant’Anna Moreira; Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza; Santos, Gislene Aparecida dos; Dias, Adriana Cristina; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Alcântara, Elifas Nunes deO manejo de plantas invasoras é considerado uma das principais atividades que promovem degradação da estrutura do solo em lavouras cafeeiras, devido à compactação do solo causada pelas operações de controle de plantas invasoras. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga para o manejo de plantas invasoras sem capina, bem como, utilizando esse modelo, qual manejo de plantas invasoras causa menor ou maior compactação do solo. Este estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) cultivado com cafeeiros da cutivar Topázio MG 1190 desde 2006, localizado na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, na comunidade Farias, em Lavras-MG. Os manejos de plantas invasoras avaliados foram: na linha de tráfego da entrelinha – grade de discos, herbicida de pós-emergência, herbicida de pré-emergência, roçadora e trincha; e no centro da entrelinha, onde não houve tráfego – amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens), capina manual, crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) e soja (Glicine max L). A amostragem consistiu de duas etapas: uma para determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga para o manejo de plantas invasoras sem capina; e outra para avaliar a compactação promovida pelos outros manejos de plantas invasoras. A fim de determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga para o manejo sem capina, foram coletadas no centro da entrelinha 20 amostras com estrutura indeformada nas profundidades de 0–3, 10–13 e 25–28 cm, totalizando 60 amostras. Essas amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial para obter as pressões de pré-consolidação e as umidades volumétricas, que foram usadas para determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga. Para determinar a compactação causada pelos manejos de plantas invasoras, realizados por meio do controle mecânico, foram coletadas em janeiro de 2010, nas linhas de tráfego das entrelinhas, 180 amostras com estrutura indeformada (5 manejos x 3 profundidades x 12 amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada); para os manejos de plantas invasoras realizados com o uso de plantas de cobertura, foram coletadas em janeiro de 2010, no centro das entrelinhas, 180 amostras com estrutura indeformada (5 manejos x 3 profundidades x 12 amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada). Essas amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial, a fim de obter as pressões de pré-consolidação e as umidades volumétricas após a implantação dos manejos de plantas invasoras, e usadas nos critérios propostos por Dias Junior et al. (2005) para determinar a compactação causada por esses manejos. O uso dos modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga e das pressões de pré-consolidação determinadas após a implantação dos manejos de plantas invasoras permitiu identificar os manejos grade de discos, roçadora e trincha como os que promoveram maior compactação; os manejos braquiária, crotalária e soja foram os que causaram menor compactação nas três profundidades estudadas.Item Compaction caused by mechanized operations in a red-yellow latosol cultivated with coffee over time(Editora UFLA, 2012-07) Martins, Paula Cristina Caruana; Junior, Moacir de Souza Dias; Andrade, Maria Luiza de Carvalho; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito GontijoThe main source of soil structure degradation in coffee plantation is the machinery traffic because these operations may cause soil compaction affecting the crop development. This study aimed to generate the load-bearing capacity models for a Red-Yellow Latosol and to determine through the use of these models the soil susceptibility to compaction of the coffee plantation due to the implantation time and the compaction caused by the machinery traffic on the traffic lines located at the top and bottom of the ground. This study was carried out in the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, located at Três Pontas, MG, in coffee plantations (Coffee arabica L.) with 2, 7, 18 and 33 years of establishment. To obtain the load-bearing capacity models, 12 undisturbed soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-3 cm and 15-18 cm layers in the position between the rows for each establishment time of the coffee plantation. It was also randomly collected 10 undisturbed soil samples for each establishment time of the coffee plantations along the tractor traffic lines located at the top and bottom of the ground. These undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. The use of the load-bearing capacity models allow to identify the soil susceptibility to compaction due to the implementation time of the coffee plantation and the compaction caused by the machinery traffic on the traffic lines located at the top and bottom of the ground. The percentage of compacted soil samples increases with the establishment time in the layer of 15-18 cm.Item Load-bearing capacity of a red-yellow latosol cultivated with coffee plants subjected to different weed managements(Editora UFLA, 2013-03) Pais, Paula Sant’Anna Moreira; Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza; Dias, Adriana Cristina; Iori, Piero; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Santos, Gislene Aparecida dosIt is essential to know the levels of pressure applied to the soil by different weed managements to adapt the management of coffee plantations in a sustainable manner. The objectives of this study were: a) to generate load-bearing capacity models of a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) submitted to different weed managements and b) to determine which weed management resulted in higher compression. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG, located near the community Farias, in Lavras-MG (latitude 21° 14’ 43" S and longitude 44° 59’ 59" W and altitude of 919 m). The soil is a Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) cultivated with coffee plantation using Topazio MG 1190 coffee variety, since 2006. We evaluated five weed managements, three being through mechanical control (harrow (GD), mowing (RÇ) and brush (TC)) and two by chemical control (post-emergence herbicide (HPos) and pre emergence herbicide (HPre)). To obtain the load-bearing capacity models, 10 undisturbed soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-3, 10-13 and 25-28 cm layers between the rows. The load-bearing capacity models which indicated a higher compaction were: in the 0-3 cm layer, TC and GD; in the 10-13 cm layer, HPre, HPos and RÇ and in the 25-28 cm layer, GD. The load-bearing capacity models that indicated greater susceptibility to compaction were: in the 0-3 cm layer, HPos; in the 10-13 cm layer, GD and TC and in the 25-28 cm layer, HPre.Item Comparison of field and laboratory models of the load bearing capacity in coffee plantations(Editora UFLA, 2013-03) Iori, Piero; Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza; Ajayi, Ayodele Ebenezer; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Pais, Paula Sant'Anna Moreira; Andrade, Maria Luiza de CarvalhoPrecompression stress is an important property for assessment of tropical soil structure sustainability and is often determined in laboratory tests. The objective of this study was to compare the load bearing capacity models obtained with controlled moisture in laboratory and those obtained with natural field moistures determined a long one year. The evaluation of soil structural sustainability follows four distinct steps: soil sampling in the field, uniaxial compression test of the samples in the laboratory, determination of precompression stress and estimation of the load bearing capacity models. Laboratory estimates of precompression stress were obtained from moisture controlled in laboratory and from natural moisture determined in a field a long one year. In this process, the soil samples were saturated by capillarity with distilled water in laboratory, and after 48 hours, the samples were air dried to obtain the different moisture contents. Then, the precompression stress was determined for this both conditions. To verify if the load bearing capacity models obtained with controlled moisture in laboratory may represent the load bearing models obtained with natural field moisture, these models were compared using the homogeneity test procedure. It was observed that 75% of field models analyzed were similar to the laboratory models. Thus, due to the similarity on the load-bearing capacity models obtained using natural (field) or controlled (laboratory) moisture contents, the assessment of the soil structure sustainability can be done using both methods.