Coffee Science
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3355
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Selectivity of the herbicide chlorimuron ethyl on young coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2019-10) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Silva, Larissa Cocato da; Guimarães, Rubens JoséThe great interference of weeds in coffee plants, due to competition for water, light and nutrients, makes their control essential. Among these control methods, the chemical stands out, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, as a function of application failures, phytotoxicity is frequent in coffee plants due to herbicide drift. Aiming to search for active ingredients selective to coffee, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Chlorimuron ethyl in coffee seedlings, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), grown in 11-L pots. The statistical design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates and four herbicide doses. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl. Evaluations were performed at 120 days after treatment application. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated, besides possible phytotoxicity symptoms inherent to herbicide application. The herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl caused phytotoxicity symptoms in coffee seedlings, evidenced from the leaflet dose, through leaf deformation and cracking, with growth losses not exceeding 10%, but without damage to plant physiology and anatomy.Item Phytotoxicity and growth of coffee plants as a function of the application of herbicide 2,4-D(Editora UFLA, 2019-10) Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Silva, Larissa Cocato da; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Guimarães, Rubens JoséWeed control in coffee is of great importance for there is a great interference, standing out the competition for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods, chemical control is highlighted as a function of its efficiency. However, the incorrect application of herbicides may imply the occurrence of drift, resulting in damage to coffee development due to phytotoxicity. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the symptoms and phytotoxicity effects caused by the herbicide 2,4-D drift on the morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics of coffee seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.), planted in 11-L pots. A randomized block design with four treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments were: 0%; 10%; 25% and 50% of the recommended commercial dose of 2,4-D (2.5 L.ha-1). Each plot consisted of three plants. The evaluations were performed at 74 days after implantation. Morphological, physiological, anatomical and phytotoxicity symptoms were evaluated as a function of the simulated herbicide drift. Coffee seedlings intoxicated by the herbicide 2,4-D presented hyponastic, chlorosis, shriveling and leaf anomalies. In the orthotropic branch, bending was observed in its extension, besides thickening in the collar region; in the plagiotropic branch, cracking was observed. Herbicide drift negatively affects the development of coffee plants. The coffee physiology was affected as a function of herbicide drift, but without damage to the leaf anatomy.Item Selectivity of fluazifop-p-butyl in young coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2019-07) Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Guimarães, Rubens José; Gonçalves, Adenilson HenriqueWeed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their big interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, as a function of its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee plants, the objective in this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Fluazifop- p-butyl on the young coffee plants, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), cultivated in pots with a capacity of 11 L substrate. The statistical design was randomized block design (RBD), with four replications and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The evaluations were performed at 120 days after application of the treatments. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. Regardless of the evaluated characteristic, there was no difference between the doses of the herbicide. There were no visual phytotoxicity symptoms in the young coffee plants that received the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The growth of the coffee plants and the physiological and anatomical characteristics were not altered due to the application of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl.Item Agronomic techniques for mitigating the effects of water restriction on coffee crops(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Barcelos, Thales Resende; Guimarães, Rubens José; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Bastos, Isadora dos Santos; Cruvinel, Arthur HenriqueWater restriction significantly affects coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production. The study of a few agronomic techniques that optimizes water use can generate technologies for mitigating the effects of climatic variations on coffee crops. The aim in this study was to indicate agronomic techniques that mitigate the effects of water restriction on coffee crops. For this end, we analyzed the morphophysiological changes in coffee plants cultivated in a greenhouse with different types of fertilizers and soil conditioners and under two levels of irrigation. The evaluations were performed 130 days after planting, assessing the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants. We also quantified soil moisture in the different treatments. The water restriction expressively hindered plant growth. The use of controlled release fertilizers and soil conditioners, especially coffee husk, is indicated for mitigating water restriction in coffee crops.Item Growth, anatomy and physiology of coffee plants intoxicated by the herbicide glyphosate(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Guimarães, Rubens JoséWeed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their high interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee, the objective of this study was to growth, anatomy and physiology of coffee plants intoxicated by the herbicide Glyphosate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), cultivated in pots with an 11 L-substrate capacity. The statistical design was randomized block design (RBD), with four replicates and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: (i) 0%; (ii) 10%; (iii) 25% and (iv) 50% of the commercial dose of the herbicide Glyphosate. The evaluations were performed at 104 days after application of the treatments. Growth, morphological, and physiological characteristics were evaluated. The effect of glyphosate drift impairs plant growth. However, after 104 days of intoxication, there is no longer any effect on the physiology and leaf anatomy of coffee plants.Item Sucrose in detoxification of coffee plants whit glyphosate drift(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Guimarães, Rubens José; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Voltolini, Giovani BeluttiThe weed control in coffee plants has great importance, as they compete for light, water and nutrients. The chemical control is the most used, emphasizing the glyphosate, however, when applied, drift can occur and consequently cause injuries to coffee. Many farmers use the sucrose application with the objective to reverse the damage caused by the herbicide drift, even without scientific basis to justify such action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 2 additional treatments, using 3 sucrose doses (2, 4 and 8%) with 3 application times (1, 24 and 168 hours after intoxication with 10% of the commercial glyphosate dose) with an additional one in which the plants were not intoxicated and not treated with sucrose and another only with plants intoxicated by glyphosate. After 75 days performing the experiment, growth, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The application of sucrose in the reversal of intoxication of growth variables (height, leaf area number of leaves, shoot dry weight and dry weight of the root system) was not efficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. For the physiological variables the application of 2% sucrose, one hour after glyphosate intoxication was the most efficient treatment.Item Sintomas de fitotoxicidade e crescimento de mudas de silva, café submetidas aos herbicidas inibidores da protox(Editora UFLA, 2017-07) Silva, Lucas Guedes; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Souza, Itamar Ferreira de; Gonçalves, Adenilson Henrique; Guimarães, Rubens JoséObjetivou-se avaliar a influência dos herbicidas flumioxazin,oxyfluorfen e carfentrazone-ethyl no crescimento inicial de mudas de cafeeiro, sob condições de campo, identificando os sintomas de fitotoxicidade causados nas plantas. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e seis doses de herbicida (0%, 10%, 40%, 70%, 100% e 200% da dose recomendada). As aplicações foram feitas diretamente sobre as plantas por meio de um pulverizador costal pressurizado por CO 2 , regulado a 45 kgf/cm2. As mudas permaneceram no campo por 45 dias após as pulverizações, sendo realizada a identificação e observação dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade. A observação dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade foi feita a cada dois dias, por meio da captura de imagens e comparação das plantas que receberam os herbicidas com a testemunha. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados o número de folhas, o diâmetro de caule e a massa seca da parte aérea das plantas. Nos herbicidas oxyfluorfen, carfentrazone – ethyl e flumioxazim, a partir da dose de 10%, o principal sintoma de fitotoxicidade observado foi a formação de manchas necróticas irregulares no limbo foliar, principalmente nas regiões apicais. Os herbicidas oxyfluorfen e carfentrazone-ethyl, em todas as doses estudadas, apesar de causarem fitotoxicidade e injúrias leves nas mudas de cafeeiro, não afetaram o seu crescimento. O herbicida flumioxazin apresentou maior fitotoxicidade nas mudas, reduzindo significativamente seu crescimento em relação à testemunha, a partir da dose de 10%.Item Irrigação por gotejamento e manejo do fósforo no progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro(Editora UFLA, 2017-04) Barbosa Junior, Mauro Peraro; Pozza, Edson Ampélio; Souza, Paulo Estevão de; Oliveira e Silva, Mirian de Lourdes; Pozza, Adélia Aziz Alexandre; Guimarães, Rubens JoséA ferrugem é a principal doença do cafeeiro, sendo sua ocorrência e intensidade afetadas em razão do fornecimento de água e equilíbrio nutricional das plantas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro em função de diferentes manejos de irrigação e da adubação fosfatada, em lavoura irrigada por gotejamento. O estudo foi realizado em Lavras-MG, em cafeeiro da cultivar MGS Travessia. As avaliações da doença foram realizadas no período de março de 2012 a novembro de 2014. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com doze tratamentos, sendo 3 manejos de adubação, 4 manejos de irrigação e 3 repetições, totalizando 36 parcelas. O resultado referente à media da incidência da doença durante o período avaliado foi plotado em gráfico. Os dados de incidência foram integrados em área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPIF). Foi observada maior AACPIF (P<0,05) no tratamento sem irrigação no ano de 2013. A ausência da adubação com fósforo também proporcionou maior progresso da ferrugem.Item Margem de lucro proporcionada pela aplicação de um fertilizante NPK em diferentes níveis em cafeeiros irrigados(Editora UFLA, 2016-10) Oliveira, Diego Humberto de; Guimarães, Rubens José; Castro Junior, Luiz Gonzaga de; Silva, Douglas Ramos Guelfi; Villela, Gabriel Mendes; Andrade, Fabrício TeixeiraO despreparo gerencial herdado da antiga regulamentação do setor cafeeiro tem interferido nos resultados econômicos da produção. Ao longo dos ciclos produtivos as quantidades de fertilizantes são alteradas sem as devidas recomendações técnicas, podendo inviabilizar economicamente a produção. O produtor, portanto, demanda informações para agir estrategicamente sobre seu negócio. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, analisar a margem de lucro proporcionada pela aplicação de um fertilizante NPK em diferentes níveis em cafeeiros irrigados. As análises contemplaram as safras 2012/2013 e 2013/2014 de um experimento conduzido na Universidade Federal de Lavras. Seu delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo seis níveis de adubação com um fertilizante contendo N, P 2 O 5 e K 2 O que foram de 10, 40, 70, 100, 130 e 160% da recomendação de adubação padrão para cafeeiros de sequeiro. Houve efeito significativo dos níveis de adubação sobre a produtividade no biênio, e a produção máxima foi alcançada com a aplicação do fertilizante no nível de 145,57% da recomendação padrão. A produção ótima econômica ocorreu com a aplicação no nível de 118,12%. As produções máxima e ótima econômica no biênio, geraram uma margem bruta de R$ 18.205,73 por hectare (ha) e R$ 19.127,81/ ha respectivamente, considerando apenas os custos do fertilizante que foi o fator variável.Item Tolerância ao déficit hídrico de cafeeiros produzidos por estaquia e embriogênese somática(Editora UFLA, 2016-01) Dominghetti, Anderson William; Souza, Antônio Jackson de Jesus; Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Sant’Ana, José Antônio do Vale; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Guimarães, Rubens José; Lacerda, Jordana ReisA irrigação em lavouras cafeeiras é foco de pesquisas há muitos anos, porém as novas tecnologias de produção de mudas (embriogênese somática e estaquia) têm demandado novos estudos de comportamento dessas em campo e suas necessidades hídricas. Um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras – MG, objetivando-se avaliar a tolerância ao déficit hídrico de cafeeiros oriundos de mudas obtidas por embriogênese somática e estaquia, na fase de implantação da cultura. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, esquema fatorial 2 x 5 sendo dois tipos de mudas, produzidas por embriogênese somática e estaquia, além de cinco níveis de irrigação, baseados na manutenção da capacidade de campo (CC) do solo a 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da CC. Aos 153 dias após o início do experimento foram avaliados os teores foliares de prolina, potencial hídrico foliar, altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, área foliar, peso seco de raízes e parte aérea. Constatou-se que cafeeiros oriundos de estaquia e embriogênese somática respondem positivamente e progressivamente à irrigação. Verificou-se também que a capacidade de campo do solo mantida abaixo de 74,6% e 100%, para cafeeiros oriundos de mudas de embriogênese somática e estaquia respectivamente, prejudicam o crescimento e desenvolvimento iniciais das plantas.