Ciência e Agrotecnologia
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9885
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Aspectos morfológicos da colonização de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em órgãos de plantas de cafeeiros e com sintomas da mancha manteigosa(Editora UFLA, 2009-07) Ferreira, Josimar Batista; Abreu, Mario Sobral de; Alves, Eduardo; Pereira, Igor SouzaObjetivou-se, no presente trabalho, analisar microscopicamente a colonização de C. gloeosporioides, agente da mancha manteigosa (MM), em condições naturais da doença, sobre os diferentes órgãos e tecidos da cultivar Catucaí Vermelho: folhas, pecíolos, nervuras, ramos, frutos e pedúnculos. Todas as amostras foram processadas, obtendo-se imagens em microscópico eletrônico de varredura. Os ramos e as nervuras de folhas de cafeeiros com mancha manteigosa apresentando morte descendente e hipocótilos oriundos de sementes têm os vasos do xilema, floema e células do córtex colonizados por C. gloeosporioides, já os frutos com sintoma da mancha manteigosa apresentaram colonização nos tecidos do exocarpo, mesocarpo, endocarpo e endosperma.Item Constatação de Xylella fastidiosa em pecíolos e hipocotilos de cafeeiro com sintomas de mancha manteigosa(Editora UFLA, 2008-01) Lins, Severina Rodrigues de Oliveira; Abreu, Mário Sobral de; Alves, Eduardo; Barbosa, Juliana Franco; Souza, Ricardo Magela deA mancha manteigosa tem afetado um grande número de plantas de cafeeiro em condições de campo. Sua causa tem sido atribuída a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, entretanto a sintomatologia da doença na folha não tem sido reproduzida. Neste estudo, relata-se pela primeira vez a associação de Xylella fastidiosa, agente da atrofia dos ramos de cafeeiro, com pecíolo de folhas e hipocótilos obtidos a partir de sementes de plantas com sintomas da mancha manteigosa, através de estudos ultra-estruturais em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), bem como por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Para o estudo foram realizados três ensaios. No primeiro, coletaram-se folhas com sintomas de mancha manteigosa e assintomáticas em duas localidades as quais foram preparadas para MEV. No segundo, pecíolos de 40 plantas sintomáticas e 40 assintomáticas foram coletados no campo experimental de café da UFLA. Os Pecíolos das folhas foram cortados e macerados para extração do DNA e analisados por PCR. Quatro pecíolos de cada uma destas amostras (plantas com e sem sintomas) também foram preparados para MEV. Em um terceiro ensaio, sementes obtidas de plantas com sintomas de mancha manteigosa, foram semeadas em bandejas de isopor contendo substrato Plantmax®. As bandejas permaneceram em câmara de crescimento e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias, após a semeadura, foram coletados hipocótilos para preparação e observação em MEV. Inicialmente uma bactéria semelhante à Xylella foi encontrada nos vasos do xilema de plantas sintomáticas das duas localidades estudadas. Pela análise por PCR constatou-se X. fastidiosa em 34% das plantas com sintoma da doença e 9,3% nas sem o sintoma da mancha manteigosa. Pecíolos de plantas Xylella positivas por PCR apresentaram obstrução dos vasos do xilema pelas bactérias. Das quatro plantas negativas por PCR, apenas uma teve o pecíolo com vasos obstruídos pela bactéria quando analisados em MEV. Em hipocótilos analisados em MEV verificaram-se células bacterianas semelhantes à X. fastidiosa nos vasos do xilema aos 60 e 90 dias após semeadura. Esse é o primeiro relato da associação de X. fastidiosa a pecíolos e hipocótilos de cafeeiros expressando sintomas de mancha manteigosa.Item Potential of essential oils for the control of brown eye spot in coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2011-01) Pereira, Ricardo Borges; Lucas, Gilvaine Ciavareli; Perina, Fabiano José; Resende, Mário Lúcio Vilela de; Alves, EduardoThe objectives of this work were to assess the in vitro effect of essential oils extracted from cinnamon, citronella, lemon grass, India clove, tea tree, thyme, neem and eucalyptus on the conidia germination and on mycelial growth of Cercospora coffeicola, and their efficacy to control the brown eye spot in coffee seedlings (cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19) in a greenhouse, as well as their effects on the initial germination and infection events by scanning electron microscopy. All essential oils promoted the inhibition of conidia germination with increasing concentrations. India clove, cinnamon, neem, thyme and lemon grass oils inhibited the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola. The cinnamon and citronella oils were the most promising for brown eye spot control in all cultivars. In scanning electron microscopy, the cinnamon and citronella oils reduced germination and mycelial development of C. coffeicola in vivo, eight and 16 hours after inoculation, promoting, in some cases, the leakage of the cellular content. Essential oils of cinnamon and citronella reduced the incidence and severity of brown eye spot, in addition to presenting direct toxicity to the pathogen.Item Citronella essential oil in in the control and activation of coffee plants defense response against rust and brown eye spot(Editora UFLA, 2012-07) Pereira, Ricardo Borges; Lucas, Gilvaine Ciavareli; Perina, Fabiano José; Ribeiro Júnior, Pedro Martins; Alves, EduardoThe rust and brown eye spot are the main coffee diseases. The losses are due to intense defoliation of plants, which has reduced its production and longevity. The brown eye spot also occurs in fruits, with negative effects on the beverage quality. Some essential oils have presented promising results in the control of plant diseases, as an alternative to the use of fungicides. The objective of this study was to evaluate citronella essential oil in the control of rust and brown eye spot and in the activation of coffee plants defense responses. Twelve-month-old plants were sprayed with citronella oil 1000 μL L -1 , acibenzolar-S-methyl 200 mg L -1 and tebuconazole fungicide 200 mg L -1 . Plants were inoculated with Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola seven days later. The application was repeated after 30 days. Plants with five months were sprayed with the same treatments to assess the induced defense responses. Citronella oil controlled rust and brown eye spot with efficiencies of 47.2% and 29.7%, respectively, while tebuconazole presented control of 96.5% and 90.5%, respectively. Acibenzolar-S-methyl reduced brown eye spot by 55.9% and showed no significant control of rust. Citronella oil increased peroxidase and chitinase activities in five months coffee plants 336, and 24 and 336 hours after spraying, respectively. Acibenzolar-S-methyl increased peroxidase, chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activities 192, 288 and 336; 24 and; 240 hours after spraying, respectively. The treatments did not increase accumulation of phenols, but a significant increase in lignin was observed in plants sprayed with citronella oil.Item Microscopia eletrônica de varredura do endosperma de café (Coffea arabica L.) durante o processo de secagem(Editora UFLA, 2010-01) Saath, Reni; Borém, Flávio Meira; Alves, Eduardo; Taveira, José Henrique da Silva; Medice, Regiane; Coradi, Paulo CarteriA manutenção da integridade das membranas celulares, entre outros eventos, é um forte indicativo de que a qualidade do café foi preservada na pós-colheita. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, analisar o efeito de diferentes métodos de secagem na manutenção da integridade da parede celular e da membrana plasmática de café natural e café despolpado, buscando determinar as condições e o momento em que ocorrem as rupturas microscópicas. Os cafés foram submetidos a um período de pré- secagem em terreiro. Após este, uma parcela de cada tipo de café foi desidratada no terreiro e, outra, à temperatura de 40oC e 60oC em secadores de camada fixa, monitorando-se a temperatura e o teor de água até 11% (bu). Nesse período, grãos foram aleatoriamente amostrados e fragmentos do endosperma preparados para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura, registrando- se diversas eletromicrografias, avaliando-se as alterações na membrana plasmática da célula do endosperma dos grãos de cafés em função do teor de água e tempo de secagem. O citoplasma das células a 11% (bu) de teor de água não foi comprometido na secagem em terreiro e a 40°C; na secagem a 60°C, observou-se comprometimento nas estruturas celulares nos cafés com teor de água de 20% (bu).Item Citronella essential oil in the control and activation of coffee plants defense response against rust and brown eye spot(Editora UFLA, 2012-07) Pereira, Ricardo Borges; Lucas, Gilvaine Ciavareli; Perina, Fabiano José; Ribeiro Júnior, Pedro Martins; Alves, EduardoThe rust and brown eye spot are the main coffee diseases. The losses are due to intense defoliation of plants, which has reduced its production and longevity. The brown eye spot also occurs in fruits, with negative effects on the beverage quality. Some essential oils have presented promising results in the control of plant diseases, as an alternative to the use of fungicides. The objective of this study was to evaluate citronella essential oil in the control of rust and brown eye spot and in the activation of coffee plants defense responses. Twelve-month-old plants were sprayed with citronella oil 1000 μL L -1 , acibenzolar-S-methyl 200 mg L -1 and tebuconazole fungicide 200 mg L -1 . Plants were inoculated with Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola seven days later. The application was repeated after 30 days. Plants with five months were sprayed with the same treatments to assess the induced defense responses. Citronella oil controlled rust and brown eye spot with efficiencies of 47.2% and 29.7%, respectively, while tebuconazole presented control of 96.5% and 90.5%, respectively. Acibenzolar-S-methyl reduced brown eye spot by 55.9% and showed no significant control of rust. Citronella oil increased peroxidase and chitinase activities in five months coffee plants 336, and 24 and 336 hours after spraying, respectively. Acibenzolar-S-methyl increased peroxidase, chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activities 192, 288 and 336; 24 and; 240 hours after spraying, respectively. The treatments did not increase accumulation of phenols, but a significant increase in lignin was observed in plants sprayed with citronella oil.Item Essential oils for rust control on coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2012-01) Pereira, Ricardo Borges; Lucas, Gilvaine Ciavareli; Perina, Fabiano José; Alves, EduardoRust is considered the most important disease in coffee because it causes severe defoliation in plants and, consequently, reduction in productivity. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oils of cinnamon, citronella, lemongrass, clove, tea tree, thyme, neem and eucalyptus on the germination of urediniospores of Hemileia vastatrix; the effectiveness of these oils to control rust on seedlings of coffee cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19 in the greenhouse; and the effect of more promising oils on urediniospores of H. vastatrix by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All the essential oils inhibited the germination of urediniospores with increasing concentrations. All oils promoted partial control of the disease in the greenhouse. However, the oils of thyme, clove and citronella, at a concentration of 1000 μL L -1 , were most effective in controlling the disease on cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19, respectively. The images generated in TEM showed that urediniospores exposed to oils of clove, citronella and thyme promoted cellular disorganization and cytoplasmic vacuolization, which was more pronounced in urediniospores exposed to citronella oil. The oils of thyme, clove and citronella are promising for the control of rust in coffee.