Ciência e Agrotecnologia
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9885
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58 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Cycle pruning programmed on the grain yield of arabica coffee(Editora UFLA, 2019) Baitelle, Diego Corona; Verdin Filho, Abraão Carlos; Freitas, Sílvio de Jesus; Miranda, Guilherme Bessa; Vieira, Henrique Duarte; Vieira, Kezia MoraesThe cycle pruning programmed is a reinvigoration technique widely employed in Conilon coffee. This strategy may also be adopted for Arabica coffee to increase its crop longevity and yield. In this scenario, the present study proposes to examine the influence of the cycle pruning programmed on the vegetative and productive development of Arabica coffee. The experiment was developed in the field as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four stem densities (4000, 8000, 12000 or 16000 stems ha-1) and two management strategies for the removal of plagiotropic branches (annual or biennial removal of branches which had reached 70% or more of their production capacity). For some variables, the treatments were organized as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in which the last factor corresponded to two regions of data collection in the plant (upper or lower). For all factorial arrangements, an additional treatment (control) was employed corresponding to traditional pruning (recepa). Annual or biennial removal of plagiotropic branches which had attained 70% or more of their production capacity can be adopted with no losses to crop yield. The cycle pruning programmed improves the distribution of branches, increases canopy area and prevents the occurrence of the “naked neck” phenomenon, observed in control treatment. Additionally, it provides better agronomic and productive performance; therefore, it can be used as a substitute for recepa.Item Instant coffee with steamed PVA beans: Physical-chemical and sensory aspects(Editora UFLA, 2019) Reis, Tamiris Aparecida Diniz dos; Conti, Antonio José de; Barrientos, Eliseo Alexander López; Mori, André Luiz Buzzo; Benassi, Marta de ToledoAround 20% of Brazilian coffee production corresponds to defective beans (PVA), which decreases the quality of the coffee brews. Steam treatment has been reported as an alternative to improve the cup quality of coffee products. This research aimed to study the feasibility of using steamed Robusta PVA beans in instant coffee products. After the steam treatment (2 bar for 3 min), the Robusta PVA was dried, roasted, subjected to extraction in a pilot plant, and freeze-dried. The steamed and untreated Robusta PVA materials (raw, roasted, and instant coffees) and blends of instant Arabica coffee with PVA were characterized. The steamed Robusta PVA instant coffee presented 7.01 g caffeine and 8.74 g total chlorogenic acids in 100 g product. Instant coffee blends with 30% and 50% of steamed Robusta PVA in Arabica coffee were studied. A sensory difference between blends with steamed and untreated Robusta PVA was only perceived by the addition of 50% PVA. The blend with 50% of steamed coffee was preferred and well accepted (average grade of 7.9 on a 10-scale). The use of steamed Robusta PVA coffee (under mild steam treatment conditions, 2 bar/3 min) in instant coffee was viable, and it was obtained an instant coffee to be used in a blend with 50% of Arabica coffee with a good profile of bioactive compounds and sensory acceptance.Item Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the initial growth and nutrition of Coffea arabica L. genotypes(Editora UFLA, 2019-08) Fonseca, Arley José; Freitas, Ana Flávia de; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone; Vilela, Diego Júnior Martins; Fassio, Larissa de OliveiraThe benefits of mycorrhization occur with the growth of hyphae in colonized roots by promoting an increase of the contact surface which improves the initial growth due to a better absorption of water and nutrients. The objective was to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus inoculation over the initial development and nutritional response of six genotypes of Coffea arabica L. Six genotypes of Coffea arabica L. were used (MGS Aranas, H29-1-8-5, Red Catuai IAC 144, IPR 100, Catigua MG2, Paraíso H 419-1) and with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus - AMF: Rhizophagus clarus and without the application of the fungus. For the production of coffee seedlings, seeds were placed to germinate in plastic trays with sterile sand. After germination, 10 seedlings of each genotype were transferred to 0.120 dm 3 polyethylene tubes with substrate. Then the inoculation of five seedlings of each genotype with the AMF R. Clarus was performed. When the seedlings with and without inoculation with the AMF presented six pairs of leaves they were transplanted to 13-liter pots containing soil (Dystrophic red-yellow latosol). The inoculation favored the initial growth of the coffee plants and its intensity varied according to the genotypes. The genotypes H 29-1-8-5, Red Catuai IAC 144 and Catigua MG 2 were the ones that presented higher shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass and accumulation of P, in relation to MGS aranãs, Paraiso H 419-1 and IPR 100, so they are the most promising to be inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.Item Cryopreservation in Coffea canephora Pierre seeds: slow and fast cooling(Editora UFLA, 2018-11) Coelho, Stefânia Vilas Boas; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da; Fantazzini, Tatiana Botelho; Baute, Júlia Lima; Silva, Luciano CoutinhoCoffee is one of the main agricultural commodities in the country, and it is important to conservation of plant material for breeding programs. Cryopreservation is a promising alternative for preserving in the long-term the germplasm of species considered recalcitrant. However, studies should be performed to achieve maximum survival of seedlings after immersion in liquid nitrogen. The objective of this work was to find a cryopreservation protocol for storing seeds of Coffea canephora, studying two methods of cryopreservation, slow and fast cooling. Seeds were subjected to drying in silica gel up to the water content of 0.25 g g -1 . In the first experiment, dried seeds were subjected to treatments of slow cooling at speeds of -1 oC min -1 ,-3 oC min -1 and -5 oC min -1 until the end temperatures of -40 oC, -50 oC and -60 oC, by means of a bio freezer and subsequently immersed in liquid nitrogen. In the second experiment, the best result was selected of the first experiment and compared with the rapid cooling, in which dried seeds, with 0.25 g g -1 of water content, were immersed directly into liquid nitrogen. Physiological and biochemical alterations occurring in the seeds after cryopreservation were evaluated. Coffea canephora seeds respond better to cryopreservation by rapid cooling, when compared to slow cooling. Drying, one of the cryopreservation steps does not affect the viability of Coffea canephora Pierre seeds, when these seeds are dried to 0.25 g g -1 of water content. Catalase and esterase enzymes are good biochemical markers for cryopreserved coffee seeds and their activity is greater in larger seed physiological quality.Item Challengs in coffee quality: cultural, chemical and microbiological aspects(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Pimenta, Carlos José; Angélico, Caroline Lima; Chalfoun, Sára MariaThe Brazilian coffee industry is undergoing a great transformation in order to serve a consumer market that is becoming increasingly demanding with regard to quality. Considering the multiple determinants of the final quality of the product, one must consider factors that are involved in steps from the pre-harvest stage to storage. The execution of the different stages according to good-practice programmes has repercussions on microbiological, physical and chemical characteristics, which in turn affect the quality of the final product with regard to sensorial properties and safety. There has been research progress in the improvement of quality evaluation techniques that minimize the subjective effects of traditional classification. It is also observed that socio-environmental aspects of coffee production, while not the subject of this review, have broadened the concept of quality since an increasing number of consumers are interested in aspects regarding agricultural sustainability in addition to strictly sensorial aspects.Item Biological control and bioactive microbial metabolites: a coffee quality perspective(Editora UFLA, 2010-09) Chalfoun, Sara MariaThe improvement of techniques of biological control and the use of metabolites produced by microorganisms to obtain products that can be applied in various fields, is getting stronger in face of the undeniable advantages in relation to the models currently in adopted. This review, besides general considerations about the principles and the application of measures of biological control and usage of metabolites produced by microorganisms as sustainable alternatives for the agrochemical segment, among others, reports the experience lived by the author and the institutions to which she is associated, concerning identification, characterization and development of a biological fungicide resulting from the encapsulation of the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fres.) de Vries, after proving its bioprotecting action on the quality of the coffee. The possibility of using microorganisms as a source of metabolites obtained from biological extracts, with applications in various fields, is also presented and discussed.Item Efeitos da colheita manual na bienalidade do cafeeiro em Ijaci, Minas Gerais(Editora UFLA, 2010-05) Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Alves, Marcelo de Carvalho; Souza, Júlio César Silva; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva deAnalisou-se, neste trabalho, a relação entre a produtividade e a desfolha do cafeeiro durante o processo de colheita manual nas safras agrícolas de 2005, 2006 e 2007. O experimento foi desenvolvido na fazenda Cafua, localizada no município de Ijaci, sul de Minas Gerais, em uma área de 6,5ha de lavoura de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) da variedade cultivada Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99. Foi demarcada na área uma malha irregular na distância de 25x25 e 50x50m, num total de 67 pontos amostrais, nos quais foram avaliados a produção de café (L.planta -1 ) obtida por meio da colheita no pano e a desfolha das plantas, quantificada com base no peso de folhas (kg. planta -1 ) após a colheita manual. Procedeu-se a análise de correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação linear entre a produtividade e a desfolha nos diferentes períodos avaliados. A dependência espacial dos dados também foi analisada por meio de ajustes de semivariogramas e interpolação por krigagem. Constatou-se que a colheita manual desfolhou mais em locais de maior produtividade, e apresentou redução da produtividade de café na lavoura no ano subsequente, pelo aumento da desfolha em plantas de maior produtividade e consequente redução da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada pelo dossel dessas plantas, ocasionando bienalidade da produção.Item Efeito da incorporação de casca de café nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados de Eucalyptus Erophylla S.T. Blake(Editora UFLA, 2010-05) Mendes, Rafael Farinassi; Mendes, Lourival Marin; Guimarães Júnior, José Benedito; Mori, Fábio Akira; César, Antonia Amanda da SilvaNeste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência da incorporação de casca de café nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados produzidos com Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. Os painéis foram produzidos com incorporação de 25, 50 e 75% de casca de café, em três teores da resina fenol-formaldeído (6, 9 e 12%) e 1% de parafina. A densidade nominal dos painéis foi de 0,7 g/cm3 e o ciclo de prensagem compreendeu uma pressão de 3,92 MPa e temperatura de 180oC por 8 minutos. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível observar que: as propriedades físicas dos painéis aglomerados apresentam relação linear decrescente com o aumento do teor de resina, e crescente com a porcentagem de casca de café, apresentando maiores valores de absorção de água e inchamento em espessura. As propriedades mecânicas apresentam relação linear crescente com o aumento do teor de resina, e decrescente com a porcentagem de associação de casca de café. Do modo que a pesquisa foi conduzida, a incorporação da casca de café prejudica a qualidade dos painéis produzidos.Item Estudo da variação da concentração de metano no biogás produzido a partir das águas residuárias do café(Editora UFLA, 2010-03) Prado, Marco Antônio Calil; Campos, Cláudio Milton Montenegro; Silva, Julia Ferreira daA água residuária do café (ARC), originada no processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro, produz quantidade considerável de biogás que pode e deve ser utilizado como fonte de energia alternativa e complementar. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a variação da concentração de metano do biogás produzido a partir das ARC, por tratamento anaeróbio, em reator UASB, em escala laboratorial. As amostras foram coletadas durante 86 dias. As análises da concentração de metano foram realizadas por cromatografia gás-sólido (CGS). A produção de biogás e de metano, foi de 0,545 a 0,602 m 3 kg -1 DQO removida e de 0,382 a 0,421 m 3 kg -1 DQO removida, respectivamente. Os resultados da concentração de metano no biogás variaram de 48,60 a 68,14 %, influenciados pela variação dos parâmetros temperatura, pH, acidez e compostos fenólicos presentes nas ARC. Como havia sido previsto, as maiores concentrações de metano foram verificadas nos períodos em que o pH estava mais próximo da neutralidade.Item Comportamento da força de desprendimento dos frutos de cafeeiros ao longo do período de colheita(Editora UFLA, 2010-03) Silva, Flávio Castro da; Silva, Fábio Moreira da; Alves, Marcelo de Carvalho; Barros, Murilo Machado de; Sales, Ronan de SouzaA fim de se realizar a colheita seletiva do café de forma mais eficiente, quando são retirados preferencialmente os frutos maduros, é necessário que haja parâmetros objetivos para nortear a correta regulagem da colhedora em termos de vibração e velocidade operacional. Um possível parâmetro objetivo pode ser a força de desprendimento dos frutos de café. Para esta determinação foi necessário o desenvolvimento e construção de um dinamômetro portátil para a coleta dos dados de campo. Sua construção e calibração foi realizada no Laboratório de Protótipos do Departamento de Engenharia da UFLA. Os ensaios de força de desprendimento dos frutos foram realizados na Fazenda Capetinga, município de Boa Esperança na safra 2006/2007. As cultivares utilizadas nas avaliações foram: ‘Mundo Novo IAC 376/4’, ‘Catuaí amarelo IAC 99’ e ‘Icatú IAC 3282’, transplantadas no espaçamento 4,0 x 1,0 m com população média de 2,5 mil plantas por hectare. Os ensaios foram realizados com três repetições, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) dentro de uma mesma gleba, em parcelas aleatórias, contendo cinco plantas. Buscou-se levantar a força de desprendimento dos frutos de café na planta de acordo com a maturação dos frutos, sendo classificados para a determinação da força, os frutos verdes, cereja, passa e seco. Concluiu-se que há diferença significativa entre os estádios de maturação dentre as cultivares avaliadas. As cultivares ‘Mundo Novo’ e ‘Catuaí’ foram as que apresentaram menores valores médios de força de desprendimento. Foi possível correlacionar a força de desprendimento dos frutos, tratando-se de parâmetro objetivo, para determinar o grau de maturação da cultura.