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Item Soil chemical properties and nutrition of conilon coffee fertilized with molybdenum and nitrogen(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2021-11-22) Rosado, Thiago Lopes; Freitas, Marta Simone Mendonça; Carvalho, Almy Junior Cordeiro de; Gontijo, Ivoney; Pires, André Assis; Vieira, Henrique Duarte; Barcellos, RonildoMolybdenum (Mo) availability is strongly affected by soil pH, which determines the dynamics of electrical charges and the adsorption of molybdate. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen (N) and Mo application on the chemical properties of a Latossolo Amarelo (Oxisol) and in Coffea canephora nutrition and productivity throughout two productive cycles under field conditions. The experiment was conducted from June 2018 to May 2020. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the absence and presence (4 kg ha-1 yr-1) of molybdic fertilization and the second factor was the N dose (300, 500, 700, 900, and 1,100 kg ha-1 yr-1). At the end of each production cycle, soil samples were collected to evaluate the pH(H2O), pH(KCl), exchangeable aluminum, potential acidity, organic matter, and Mo, at layers of 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Leaves were sampled from the coffee tree to determine Mo and N contents and the coffee beans were harvested to evaluate the yield of processed coffee. The results showed that urea has a high potential for soil acidification, influencing the values of exchangeable aluminum, potential acidity, and ∆pH, at layers of 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The decrease in pH caused by increasing doses of N increased the density of positive electrical charges of the soil and reduced Mo content in the leaves of C. canephora by 67 %. The application of sodium molybdate via soil was efficient in providing Mo to Conilon coffee and provided a 3.7 % increase in the yield of processed coffee. Nevertheless, molybdic fertilization did not influence the Mo content in the soil in the evaluations carried out at the end of each production cycle.Item Nutritional balance and its relationship to yield in a coffee field: Inferences from geospatial analysis(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2020) Silva, Marcelo B. da; Partelli, Fábio L.; Gontijo, Ivoney; Caldas, Marcellus M.Information obtained from studies of spatial variability and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) may contribute to understanding better the relationship between mineral nutrient balance and factors that limit the crop yield. This study shows that nutritionally balanced plants may be associated with low productivity in Conilon coffee fields. The study was carried out on a highly productive Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) field, in São Mateus, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A sample grid was established with 100 points, each point linked to one plant. Twenty pairs of leaves from each plant were collected from productive branches to create a sample for nutritional analysis. The rust incidence (Hemileia vastatrix), the presence of the coffee borer (Hypothenemus hampei), and the physical characteristics of the soil were evaluated in each sampled plant. DRIS and Nutrient Balance Index (NBI) were calculated, and from the yield data, they were characterized using descriptive statistics. Maps were created showing the spatial distribution of the NBI, yield, total sand, and incidence of rust and coffee borer. It was verified the low relationship between nutritional balance and yield in Conilon coffee, suggesting that non-nutritional factors also influenced plant production. In areas of the maps with high NBI, the plant’s nutritional balance was the main limiting factor of production, since most plants in this area produced less than the average productivity of the plants sampled. The use of a geostatistics tool combined with the NBI resulted in better understanding of the relationship between nutritional and non-nutritional variables on the Conilon coffee yield.Item Spatial distribution of the root system of Conilon and Arabica coffee plants(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2020) Partelli, Fabio Luiz; Cavalcanti, André Cayô; Menegardo, Camilo; Covre, André Monzoli; Gontijo, Ivoney; Braun, HederThe objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plants in the soil profile, using semivariograms. The evaluations were carried out in an area located in the municipality of Jaguaré, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Verdebrás G30/G35 Conilon coffee and the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44 Arabica coffee cultivars were assessed. Soil monoliths with coffee plant roots were collected at three distances from the trunk in the planting row and at six distances from the trunk between rows, at six depths. The roots were collected and washed and then digitized and processed in the Safira software. The spatial variability of the evaluated attributes was characterized by the geostatistical technique, through semivariograms, using the GS+ 7.0 software. Root surface area, length, and volume were quantified for the two coffee species. Conilon coffee plants have a tendency of showing a root system with a smaller surface area, shorter length, and lower volume by volume of soil, as well as a less discrepant distribution on soil surface and in deeper layers, compared with Arabica coffee.Item Variabilidade espacial de macronutrientes em uma lavoura de café conilon no norte do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2015-07) Santos, Eduardo Oliveira de Jesus; Gontijo, Ivoney; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; Drumond Neto, Antônio PereiraOs solos do Estado do Espírito Santo apresentam baixa fertilidade natural, que frequentemente limita a produção das lavouras devido às deficiências de alguns elementos. No entanto, os mesmos apresentam alto potencial de produção agrícola quando são sanadas as limitações químicas presentes. Objetivou-se no presente estudo descrever a variabilidade espacial dos macronutrientes cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) em uma lavoura de café conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre) localizada na área rural do município de São Mateus, ES. O experimento foi conduzido em uma lavoura, plantada com espaçamento 1,8 x 1,0 m (5.555 plantas ha-1 ). Foi considerada uma malha quadrangular de 61,6 x 20,0 m (1.232 m2 ) com 60 pontos de amostragem, distanciados de 5,6 m entrelinhas e 5,0 m na linha de plantio. Em cada ponto da malha amostral foram coletadas amostras de solo, na profundidade de 0,0-0,20 m. Todos os macronutrientes em estudo apresentaram dependência espacial forte. O maior alcance de dependência espacial foi para o Mg (32,4 m) e o menor para o Ca (8,1 m). O estudo da variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos do solo pela geoestatística, utilizando a krigagem, mostrou-se uma importante ferramenta na compreensão da distribuição espacial dos macronutrientes no solo, podendo ser fundamental no auxílio à tomada de decisão que vise atender a exigência nutricional da lavoura do café conilon.Item Distribuição do sistema radicular de cafeeiro conilon irrigado e não irrigado(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2015-11) Covre, André Monzoli; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Gontijo, Ivoney; Zucoloto, MoisesO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição do sistema radicular do cafeeiro conilon (Coffea canephora) irrigado e não irrigado. Utilizaram-se plantas de conilon da variedade clonal Emcapa 8111, genótipo 02, com cinco anos de idade. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcela subsubdividida, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de: presença e ausência de irrigação (parcelas), 13 distâncias do tronco (dez no sentido da entrelinha e três no sentido da linha de plantio) e seis camadas de solo (0–60 cm) nas subparcelas. As raízes foram coletadas, lavadas, digitalizadas e processadas pelo programa Safira, para quantificar área superficial, comprimento, volume e diâmetro. As plantas de conilon não irrigadas apresentaram maiores área superficial, comprimento e volume de raízes por volume de solo, bem como distribuição de raízes menos discrepante na superfície do solo e em profundidade, em comparação às plantas irrigadas. O sistema de irrigação por gotejamento promove maior distribuição de raízes nas plantas irrigadas, na zona compreendida pelo bulbo úmido da irrigação.Item Spatial patterns of preconsolidation pressure and soil moisture along transects in two directions under coffee(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2011-07) Gontijo, Ivoney; Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva de; Ajayi, Ayodele EbenezerInformation on the spatial structure of soil physical and structural properties is needed to evaluate the soil quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial behavior of preconsolidation pressure and soil moisture in six transects, three selected along and three across coffee rows, at three different sites under different tillage management systems. The study was carried out on a farm, in Patrocinio, state of Minas Gerais, in the Southeast of Brazil (18 o 59 ’ 15 ’’ S; 46 o 56 ’ 47 ’’ W; 934 m asl). The soil type is a typic dystrophic Red Latosol (Acrustox) and consists of 780 g kg -1 clay; 110 g kg -1 silt and 110 g kg -1 sand, with an average slope of 3 %. Undisturbed soil cores were sampled at a depth of 0.10–0.13 m, at three different points within the coffee plantation: (a) from under the wheel track, where equipment used in farm operations passes; (b) in - between tracks and (c) under the coffee canopy. Six linear transects were established in the experimental area: three transects along and three across the coffee rows. This way, 161 samples were collected in the transect across the coffee rows, from the three locations, while 117 samples were collected in the direction along the row. The shortest sampling distance in the transect across the row was 4 m, and 0.5 m for the transect along the row. No clear patterns of the preconsolidation pressure values were observed in the 200 m transect. The results of the semivariograms for both variables indicated a high nugget value and short range for the studied parameters of all transects. A cyclic pattern of the parameters was observed for the across-rows transect. An inverse relationship between preconsolidation pressure and soil moisture was clearly observed in the samples from under the track, in both directions.Item Atributos físico-hídricos de um latossolo de cerrado em diferentes posições de amostragem na lavoura cafeeira(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2008-11) Gontijo, Ivoney; Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Araujo-Junior, Cezar FranciscoA compactação do solo, ocasionada por diferentes intensidades de tráfego, pode provocar danos à estrutura do solo, limitando a produção em lavouras cafeeiras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga para um Latossolo sob Cerrado, cultivado com cafeeiros, bem como investigar os efeitos do manejo da lavoura cafeeira na distribuição de poros e na retenção de água, em diferentes posições na lavoura cafeeira. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico localizado nas coordenadas de 18 ° 59 ’ 15 ’’ S e 46 °56 ’ 47 ’’ W, cultivado com cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) em espaçamento de 4 x 1 m, implantado no ano de 1995 no município de Patrocínio, MG. As diferentes posições de amostragem na lavoura cafeeira foram: projeção da saia (PS), linha de tráfego (LT) e centro da entrelinha (EL). Além disso, amostras indeformadas também foram coletadas na mata nativa (MN) para obter os modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga. Em cada posição de amostragem foram coletadas amostras deformadas e indeformadas na profundidade de 10–13 cm, para avaliação dos σ p ), umidade seguintes atributos físico-hídricos: pressão de preconsolidação (σ gravimétrica (U), densidade do solo (Ds), porosidade total (PT), macroporosidade (Ma), microporosidade (Mi), curva de retenção de água no solo, teor de matéria orgânica (MO), textura, densidade de partículas e limites de liquidez, plasticidade e contração. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a capacidade de suporte de carga do Latossolo decresceu na seguinte ordem: LT > MN = PS > EL. O solo sob a posição EL foi mais suscetível à compactação em virtude da menor capacidade de suporte de carga, devido a uma subsolagem realizada meses antes da amostragem, reduzindo a sua resistência mecânica. O solo sob MN e a PS apresentaram mesma capacidade de suporte de carga, indicando a manutenção de uma estrutura favorável para o crescimento do sistema radicular do cafeeiro. A água disponível foi maior para o solo nas posições EL e PS e menor para a LT e MN; o solo sob a LT mantém maior microporosidade em relação à EL desestruturada pela subsolagem.Item Sampling design of soil physical properties in a conilon coffee field(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2017) Santos, Eduardo Oliveira de Jesus; Gontijo, Ivoney; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; Partelli, Fábio LuizEstablishing the number of samples required to determine values of soil physical properties ultimately results in optimization of labor and allows better representation of such attributes. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of soil physical properties in a Conilon coffee field and propose a soil sampling method better attuned to conditions of the management system. The experiment was performed in a Conilon coffee field in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, under a 3.0 × 2.0 × 1.0 m (4,000 plants ha -1 ) double spacing design. An irregular grid, with dimensions of 107 × 95.7 m and 65 sampling points, was set up. Soil samples were collected from the 0.00-0.20 m depth from each sampling point. Data were analyzed under descriptive statistical and geostatistical methods. Using statistical parameters, the adequate number of samples for analyzing the attributes under study was established, which ranged from 1 to 11 sampling points. With the exception of particle density, all soil physical properties showed a spatial dependence structure best fitted to the spherical model. Establishment of the number of samples and spatial variability for the physical properties of soils may be useful in developing sampling strategies that minimize costs for farmers within a tolerable and predictable level of error.Item Micronutrient accumulation in conilon coffee berries with different maturation cycles(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2015-09) Marré, Wellington Braida; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Gontijo, Ivoney; Vieira, Henrique DuarteThe number of days between anthesis and maturation of conilon coffee berries varies according to the genotype. Thus, it is believed that periods of greater nutrient demand for fruit formation also vary according to the genotype, directly influencing fertilizer management. The goal of this study was to establish accumulation curves for the micronutrients boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in conilon coffee trees with different maturation cycles. The experiment was conducted in Nova Venécia, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, during the reproductive cycle of the 2010/2011 crop year. Four coffee genotypes with different maturation cycles (early, intermediate, late, and super-late) were studied. A completely randomized experimental design was used with five replications. The treatments correspond to the accumulation of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the berries every 28 days in the period from flowering to harvest. The early, intermediate, and late genotypes accumulated Fe, Cu, and Mn in a similar manner, with sigmoid curves, whereas the super-late genotype accumulated these nutrients exponentially. Zn was accumulated by all four genotypes following a sigmoid curve. The early, intermediate, and late genotypes accumulated B linearly, whereas the super-late genotype accumulated B following a sigmoid curve. The maturation cycle of the genotype must be taken into account to apply the correct rate of micronutrient fertilization in coffee plantations.Item Distribuição espacial do ataque da broca-do-café no café Conilon(Editora UFLA, 2017-10) Oliveira e Silva, Bruno Sérgio; Herzog, Thaisa Thomazini; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; Gontijo, Ivoney; Partelli, Fábio LuizO conhecimento do padrão de distribuição espacial de um inseto permite concentrar o esforço amostral e de manejo nos locais onde se encontram as maiores densidades populacionais. Além disso, o comportamento espacial do inseto fornece informações sobre as condições no agroecossitema e a migração ou agregação da praga. Apesar da importância para o manejo de pragas, o conhecimento sobre a distribuição espacial de Hypothenemus hampei no café conilon possui raros relatos na literatura. Assim, objetivou-se no presente estudo determinar a variabilidade espacial da incidência de H. hampei no café conilon. Foi instalada uma malha irregular com 100 pontos em uma lavoura de alta produtividade, localizada em São Mateus, ES, safras 2011/2012 e 2012/2013. Avaliou-se após a coleta de amostras de frutos em cada ponto o número de frutos atacados pela praga por meio da verificação da perfuração característica nos frutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise geostatística. Foi possível verificar a variabilidade de densidade no ataque da praga nos diferentes anos safra. Os semivariogramas referentes ao ataque do inseto ajustaram-se melhor ao modelo esférico e ao modelo exponencial, com índice de dependência espacial de 72 e 62%, respectivamente. Observou-se uma tendência de movimentação do ataque da praga de uma safra para outra a partir das bordas para o centro da lavoura.