Coffee Science
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3355
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Coffee genotypes morphophysiological adaptation under coffee leaf rust biotic stress(Editora UFLA, 2021) Viana, Mariana Thereza Rodrigues; Azevedo, Harianna Paula Alves de; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Guimarães, Rubens JoséThe identification of morphophysiological traits responsible for a better plant behavior when infected is useful for cultivar selection, and become crucial for breeding. We investigated the morphophysiological behavior of coffee genotypes before and after inoculation with the pathogen Hemileia vastatrix, causal agent of coffee rust. With multivariate techniques we identified the characteristics that most contribute to total genetic divergence of the geno types. Ten genotypes of Coffea arabica from the Germplasm Bank of Coffee from Minas Gerais were sown in a nursery and then take to a greenhouse with controlled temperature and humidity. After one month of acclimatization, the artificial inoculation with the fungus H. vastatrix was carried out. The anatomical and physiological evaluations were performed 1 day before inoculation and 160 days after inoculation. When the first symptom emerged, plants were evaluated according to a descriptive scale for coffee rust. We observed significant differences in rust severity and ostiole opening between genotypes. Different groups were formed by the K-means method, based on morphophysiological characteristics. This shows that genetic variability exists between the coffee genotypes evaluated before and after inoculation with the pathogen. The most important characteristics that contributed to the total genetic divergence were xylem vessel diameter and stomatal conductance. In conclusion, inoculation with H. vastatrix caused a change in coffee geno types based on morphophysiological characteristics.Item Phytotoxicity and leaf anatomy of young coffee plants subjected to herbicides exclusively and in associations(Editora UFLA, 2020) Rodrigues, Rafael Jorge Almeida; Gonçalves, Adenilson Henrique; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Carneiro, Arthur Henrique Cruvinel; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Guimarães, Rubens José; Carvalho, Gladyston RodriguesThe lack of work force and the damage that weeds can cause to coffee plants are the causes of the growing demand for selective herbicides to be used in coffee farming. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity symptoms and leaf anatomical characteristics of young coffee plants submitted to application isolated herbicides and also in associations. An experiment was carried out in a protected environment in randomized blocks: four replicates with coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.) cultivar “Topázio MG-1190”, grown in pots with a capacity of 11 liters of substrate. The herbicides applied, in isolation, were: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.015 kg ha-1), saflufenacil (0.049 kg ha-1), imazetaphyr (0.1 kg ha-1), iodosulfuron-methyl (0.0035 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0.015 kg ha-1) and sethoxydim (0.184 kg ha-1). The latter was used in associations with the others. In addition, a control without herbicides was used. Phytotoxicity symptoms were evaluated up to 49 days after application (DAA) and anatomical characteristics at 65 DAA. Saflufenacil exclusively and inassociation with sethoxydim caused visual phytotoxicity symptoms in the leaves and negatively influence in the characteristics of the epidermis thickness of the adaxial face (EAD), thickness of the palisade parenchyma (PAP), thickness of the spongy parenchyma (SPP) and thickness of the mesophyll (MES). The other herbicides, isolated or in associations, didn’t cause phytotoxicity symptoms, but had negative influence in the anatomical parameters of the leaf blade. However they did not interfere with the paradermic parameters and the vascular bundle.Item Soil chemical attributes in coffee growing with different agronomic techniques(Editora UFLA, 2020) Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Silva, Larissa Cocato da; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Resende, Laís Sousa; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Guimarães, Rubens JoséThe objective was to evaluate the chemical attributes in a coffee growing area, according to different agronomic techniques used and their associations. The experiment was conducted in the field, from January 2016 to October 2018. Coffee was planted in January 2016, with Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 coffee seedlings, with a spacing of 3.6 m between rows and 0.75 m between plants in the planting row. The factors under study were arranged in a 3x2x5 factorial scheme, making a total of 30 treatments. In the plots, three soil managements were randomized (soil cover with polyethylene film, soil cover with brachiaria-grass and conventional management of spontaneous vegetation). In the subplots, two types of fertilizers (conventional and increased-efficiency fertilizer). In the sub-subplots, four soil conditioners (coffee husk, phosphogypsum, water retention polymer, organic compost), and the control without conditioner. Aimed to evaluate soil chemical attributes in coffee growing with different agronomic techniques through the evaluation of: soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum saturation (m) and base saturation (V%). The use of fertilizers combined with the application of organic compost or coffee husk, provide increased soil pH, as well as the use of ecological management of brachiaria-grass. The use of organic compost as a soil conditioner increases phosphorus availability in the soil. Coffee husk, as a soil conditioner, is an efficient potassium source for the coffee crop. The use of organic compost and phosphogypsum increases the calcium and magnesium contents in the soil. The use of organic compost and coffee husk was efficient in increasing the base saturation grown with coffee. The use of organic compost, coffee husk and phosphogypsum reduced aluminum saturation in the soil. Treatments associated with the use of organic compost improve calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels, increase pH and base saturation, besides decreasing aluminum saturation.Item Selectivity of the herbicide chlorimuron ethyl on young coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2019-10) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Silva, Larissa Cocato da; Guimarães, Rubens JoséThe great interference of weeds in coffee plants, due to competition for water, light and nutrients, makes their control essential. Among these control methods, the chemical stands out, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, as a function of application failures, phytotoxicity is frequent in coffee plants due to herbicide drift. Aiming to search for active ingredients selective to coffee, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Chlorimuron ethyl in coffee seedlings, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), grown in 11-L pots. The statistical design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates and four herbicide doses. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl. Evaluations were performed at 120 days after treatment application. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated, besides possible phytotoxicity symptoms inherent to herbicide application. The herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl caused phytotoxicity symptoms in coffee seedlings, evidenced from the leaflet dose, through leaf deformation and cracking, with growth losses not exceeding 10%, but without damage to plant physiology and anatomy.Item Phytotoxicity and growth of coffee plants as a function of the application of herbicide 2,4-D(Editora UFLA, 2019-10) Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Silva, Larissa Cocato da; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Guimarães, Rubens JoséWeed control in coffee is of great importance for there is a great interference, standing out the competition for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods, chemical control is highlighted as a function of its efficiency. However, the incorrect application of herbicides may imply the occurrence of drift, resulting in damage to coffee development due to phytotoxicity. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the symptoms and phytotoxicity effects caused by the herbicide 2,4-D drift on the morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics of coffee seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.), planted in 11-L pots. A randomized block design with four treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments were: 0%; 10%; 25% and 50% of the recommended commercial dose of 2,4-D (2.5 L.ha-1). Each plot consisted of three plants. The evaluations were performed at 74 days after implantation. Morphological, physiological, anatomical and phytotoxicity symptoms were evaluated as a function of the simulated herbicide drift. Coffee seedlings intoxicated by the herbicide 2,4-D presented hyponastic, chlorosis, shriveling and leaf anomalies. In the orthotropic branch, bending was observed in its extension, besides thickening in the collar region; in the plagiotropic branch, cracking was observed. Herbicide drift negatively affects the development of coffee plants. The coffee physiology was affected as a function of herbicide drift, but without damage to the leaf anatomy.Item Sucrose in detoxification of coffee plants whit glyphosate drift(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Guimarães, Rubens José; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Voltolini, Giovani BeluttiThe weed control in coffee plants has great importance, as they compete for light, water and nutrients. The chemical control is the most used, emphasizing the glyphosate, however, when applied, drift can occur and consequently cause injuries to coffee. Many farmers use the sucrose application with the objective to reverse the damage caused by the herbicide drift, even without scientific basis to justify such action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 2 additional treatments, using 3 sucrose doses (2, 4 and 8%) with 3 application times (1, 24 and 168 hours after intoxication with 10% of the commercial glyphosate dose) with an additional one in which the plants were not intoxicated and not treated with sucrose and another only with plants intoxicated by glyphosate. After 75 days performing the experiment, growth, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The application of sucrose in the reversal of intoxication of growth variables (height, leaf area number of leaves, shoot dry weight and dry weight of the root system) was not efficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. For the physiological variables the application of 2% sucrose, one hour after glyphosate intoxication was the most efficient treatment.Item Irrigação por gotejamento e manejo do fósforo no progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro(Editora UFLA, 2017-04) Barbosa Junior, Mauro Peraro; Pozza, Edson Ampélio; Souza, Paulo Estevão de; Oliveira e Silva, Mirian de Lourdes; Pozza, Adélia Aziz Alexandre; Guimarães, Rubens JoséA ferrugem é a principal doença do cafeeiro, sendo sua ocorrência e intensidade afetadas em razão do fornecimento de água e equilíbrio nutricional das plantas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro em função de diferentes manejos de irrigação e da adubação fosfatada, em lavoura irrigada por gotejamento. O estudo foi realizado em Lavras-MG, em cafeeiro da cultivar MGS Travessia. As avaliações da doença foram realizadas no período de março de 2012 a novembro de 2014. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com doze tratamentos, sendo 3 manejos de adubação, 4 manejos de irrigação e 3 repetições, totalizando 36 parcelas. O resultado referente à media da incidência da doença durante o período avaliado foi plotado em gráfico. Os dados de incidência foram integrados em área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPIF). Foi observada maior AACPIF (P<0,05) no tratamento sem irrigação no ano de 2013. A ausência da adubação com fósforo também proporcionou maior progresso da ferrugem.Item Tolerância ao déficit hídrico de cafeeiros produzidos por estaquia e embriogênese somática(Editora UFLA, 2016-01) Dominghetti, Anderson William; Souza, Antônio Jackson de Jesus; Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Sant’Ana, José Antônio do Vale; Souza, Kamila Rezende Dázio de; Guimarães, Rubens José; Lacerda, Jordana ReisA irrigação em lavouras cafeeiras é foco de pesquisas há muitos anos, porém as novas tecnologias de produção de mudas (embriogênese somática e estaquia) têm demandado novos estudos de comportamento dessas em campo e suas necessidades hídricas. Um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras – MG, objetivando-se avaliar a tolerância ao déficit hídrico de cafeeiros oriundos de mudas obtidas por embriogênese somática e estaquia, na fase de implantação da cultura. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, esquema fatorial 2 x 5 sendo dois tipos de mudas, produzidas por embriogênese somática e estaquia, além de cinco níveis de irrigação, baseados na manutenção da capacidade de campo (CC) do solo a 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da CC. Aos 153 dias após o início do experimento foram avaliados os teores foliares de prolina, potencial hídrico foliar, altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, área foliar, peso seco de raízes e parte aérea. Constatou-se que cafeeiros oriundos de estaquia e embriogênese somática respondem positivamente e progressivamente à irrigação. Verificou-se também que a capacidade de campo do solo mantida abaixo de 74,6% e 100%, para cafeeiros oriundos de mudas de embriogênese somática e estaquia respectivamente, prejudicam o crescimento e desenvolvimento iniciais das plantas.Item Infestação por bicho-mineiro e teores foliares de açúcares solúveis totais e proteína em cafeeiros orgânicos(Editora UFLA, 2014-07) Theodoro, Vanessa Cristina de Almeida; Guimarães, Rubens José; Mendes, Antônio Nazareno GuimarãesO experimento foi instalado em agosto de 2004 em uma lavoura cafeeira, cultivar ‘Catuaí amarelo’, espaçamento 4,0 x 0,7 m e idade de 6 anos), no primeiro ano de transição agroecológica. Empregou-se o delineamento látice balanceado 4x4, com cinco repetições em fatorial 3x2x2, mais quatro tratamentos adicionais. Foram testados dezesseis tratamentos de acordo com as normas de agricultura orgânica: três adubos orgânicos (farelo de mamona, o esterco bovino, a cama de aviário), com ou sem palha de café em cobertura aplicada sobre os adubos; com ou sem adubação verde com feijão-guandu nas entrelinhas dos cafeeiros, e adubação foliar com biofertilizante para todos os tratamentos orgânicos. Os tratamentos adicionais testaram o efeito do uso de carvão e farinha de rocha em conjunto com adubos orgânicos e somente a utilização de palha de café e adubação verde como fertilizantes. O manejo convencional (testemunha) utilizou sulfato de amônio, cloreto de potássio e adubação foliar convencional. Foi avaliada a interação entre o comportamento do bicho mineiro (Leucoptera coffeella) sobre o teor de açúcares solúveis totais e proteína na folha do cafeeiro. Constatou-se que a adubação orgânica afeta a produção de açúcares solúveis totais na folha do cafeeiro, já a adubação convencional necessita de mais estudos em solos tropicais. O farelo de mamona promove um menor acúmulo de açúcares solúveis totais na folha, o que possivelmente concorre para um aumento da resistência da planta ao bicho-mineiro.Item Influência do espaçamento de cultivo em duas épocas de poda nos teores caulinares de carboidratos em cafeeiros(Editora UFLA, 2013-10) Pereira, Sérgio Parreiras; Baliza, Danielle Pereira; Santos, Meline Oliveira; Alves, José Donizeti; Guimarães, Rubens JoséObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os teores caulinares de carboidratos de cafeeiros em função do espaçamento de cultivo e em duas épocas de poda. O experimento foi conduzido em uma lavoura na Fazenda Experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), em Machado, MG, implantada em janeiro de 1992. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 2, sendo quatro espaçamentos entre as linhas (2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 3,5 m), três espaçamentos entre as plantas na linha de plantio (0,5; 0,75; 1,0 m), e duas épocas de poda (uma precoce feita logo após a colheita no mês de julho 2002 e a outra tardia no mês de janeiro de 2003), totalizando 24 tratamentos com três repetições. Em julho de 2002 e em janeiro de 2003 foram realizadas as podas tipo “recepa”, em que foram coletadas as amostras dos discos caulinares dos cafeeiros e analisados os teores de carboidrato acumulados no caule. Os tratamentos foram também avaliados quanto à produtividade e à produção por planta, no ano de 2002. A produtividade é influenciada negativamente pelo aumento do espaçamento entre as linhas de plantio, enquanto a produção por planta é maior no espaçamento de 1,00 m entre plantas. Nos maiores espaçamentos entre as plantas ocorre uma manutenção nos teores de açúcares solúveis totais de uma época de poda para a outra. Os teores de amido aumentam em todos os espaçamentos entre as épocas de poda. Quando a poda é realizada seis meses após a colheita dos frutos, os cafeeiros apresentam maiores teores caulinares de carboidratos.
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